Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Chinese Dialects :
Search within this database
Number: 1958
Character: 厲
MC description : 蟹開三去祭來
ZIHUI: 0632 0611
Beijing: li 3
Jinan: li 3
Xi'an: li 3
Taiyuan: li 3
Hankou: ni 3
Chengdu: ni 3
Yangzhou: li 3
Suzhou: li 32
Wenzhou: lei 32
Changsha: ni 32
Shuangfeng: ni 32
Nanchang: li 32
Meixian: li 3
Guangzhou: lai 32
Xiamen: le 32
Chaozhou: li 22
Fuzhou: la 32
Shanghai: li 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: li 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
Search within this database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 厲
Modern (Beijing) reading: lì
Preclassic Old Chinese: rats
Classic Old Chinese: rać
Western Han Chinese: raś
Eastern Han Chinese: raś
Early Postclassic Chinese: leś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: lèj
Late Postclassic Chinese: lèj
Middle Chinese: lèj
English meaning : to drag or trail something along
Russian meaning[s]: 1) точить, оттачивать; 2) угнетать; жестокий, свирепый; суровый; злой; строгий; 3) подбодрять, стимулировать; 4) болезнь, припадок; 5) Ли (фамилия)
Comments: For *r- cf. Min forms: Xiamen le6, Chaozhou li4, Fuzhou la6. Schüssler gives the general meaning as 'to drag or trail something along and have it scraped or whetted', thus uniting several particular meanings attested in Early Zhou: 'to drag, train' (whence possibly a colloquial Viet. loan lê 'to drag'; cf. perhaps also Viet. lết 'to drag' - from a dialectal unattested variant MC *let ?); 'to wet clothes'; 'a ford'; 'whetstone, to grind'. The character is also used for homonymous words: *rats 'be cruel, wicked'; *rats 'epidemic, infectious disease' - whence Viet. lây 'contagious, infectious, to infect'. Standard Sino-Viet. is lệ.
Radical: 27
Four-angle index: 4002
Karlgren code: 0340 a
Vietnamese reading: lê
Jianchuan Bai: ji3
Dali Bai: ji3
Bijiang Bai: ji2
Shijing occurrences: 34.1_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *răt
Meaning: scratch, grind
Tibetan: ãbrad, sbrad (p. brad, i. brod) to scratch, to scrape (also ãdrad id.)
Kachin: rat2 to scratch, wound, lacerate; numrat3 to cut with a backward stroke, (H) mǝrat id.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ħrǝ̄nsd_ū
Meaning: thresh, whet, grind
Comments and references : DCE 17.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *ħrǝ̄nʒ_ū
Meaning: threshing-floor
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. A typical example of the root-structure *HRVNCV̄.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Nakh etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *ħett ( ~ -ē-,-ṭṭ)
Meaning: threshing-floor
Chechen: ħätt
Ingush: ħett
Comments: 4th class in Chech., 3d class in Ing. Obl. base *ħatte-rV- (~-ā-,-ṭṭ-), cf. Chech. ħättara-, Ing. ħattaro.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *hinc̣:u
Meaning: threshing-floor
Avar: hóc̣:u
Chadakolob: hóc̣-ku
Andian language: hinc̣:u
Akhvakh: ĩc̣:o
Chamalal: hĩṣʷ
Tindi: hinc:u
Karata: hinc̣:e
Godoberi: hinc:u
Comments: Av. paradigm A (loc. hóc̣:a-ƛ̣:, pl. hóc̣:a-bi; Chad. hóc̣ki-l, hóc̣ki-l). The Chad. form includes a diminutive suffix -ku (-ḳu). In most Andian languages (except Kar.) the word is homonymous with *hinc̣:u 'door' - which is, of course, accidental (cf. the opposition in Av. hóc̣:u vs. nuc̣:á).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *ʔɔ̃c B
Meaning: threshing-floor
Tsezi: oc
Ginukh: ič / üč
Khvarshi: ĩc (Leksika, Ram.)
Inkhokvari: ẽc
Bezhta: ãc
Gunzib: ǝ̃c (Gunz.)
Comments: PTsKh *ʔö̃c; PGB *ʔãc (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. ãc, Khosh. ac).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Lak etymology :
Search within this database
Lak root: t:arac̣a-lu
Meaning: threshing-floor
Lak form: t:arac̣alu
Comments: Cf. Khosr. t:arac̣alu id., Bartkh. (Хайдаков 1966) t:arc̣.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
Search within this database
Dargwa etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *daraz
Meaning: threshing-floor
Chiragh: daraz
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *rac̣:a
Meaning: threshing-floor
Lezghian: rat
Tabasaran: rac:
Agul: rat:
Rutul: rat
Tsakhur: at:a
Archi: c̣i
Udi: eč:
Comment: Cf. Lezg. erg. raṭ-ra, Khl. rat, plur. rat:-ar; Tab. Düb. rac:a; Rut. obl. ridi- (Ikhr. rat, rit:i-). The obl. base can be reconstructed as *roc̣:ä- (cf. Tab. rac:a-, Ag. rat:i- with vowel levelling; Rut. ridi- - instead of *rɨdi- with adoption of the more frequent -i-vocalism in the oblique stem). Arch. c̣i is actually a former locative, a contraction < *dVc̣:í 'on the threshing-floor'. The word belongs to the 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. See Талибов 1960a, 299; Лексика 1971, 171; Гигинейшвили 1977, 107.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
Search within this database
Khinalug etymology :
Search within this database
Khinalug root: roc̣
North Caucasian etymology: 1657
Meaning: threshing-floor
Khinalug form: roc̣
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
Search within this database
Burushaski etymology :
Search within this database
Common Burushaski: *darc
Meaning: threshing floor, grain ready for threshing
Yasin: darc
Hunza: darc
Nagar: darc
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : WVRCV
Meaning : scratch, scrape
Afroasiatic : ? Sem. *ħrŝ 'scratch oneself'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *wVrcwV
Meaning: scratch
References: ND 832 *ħ[ü]rχVĉV 'scratch, comb' (+ Sem.); 2533 *waŕĉV 'to rub, scrape' (same Kartv. + IE + dub. Sem. and Drav.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Indo-European etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-IE: *wers- <PIH *w->
Meaning: to beat, to thresh
Hittite: wars- (I), warsija- (I) 'abwischen, abstreifen' (Friedrich 246)
Old Greek: érrō (inf. el. werrēn, warrēn `verbannt werden', imp. lokr. werretō), aor. érrēsa, pf. ẹ̄s-ḗrrēka `(weg)gehen, untergehen, dahinschwinden'
Latin: verrō, -ere, verrī/Gramm. versī, versum `schleifen, am Boden schleppen, fegen'
Russ. meaning: бить о..., молотить
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
Search within this database
Vasmer's dictionary :
Search within this database
Word: во́рох,
Near etymology: мн. вороха́, укр. во́рох м., воро́ха ж. "ворох, груда", блр; во́рох "шум", русск.-цслав. врахъ σωρός, болг. врах "ток., снопы, предназначенные для обмолота", польск. zawroch "метель, вихрь". Сюда же вороши́ть, вороши́ла; с другой ступенью вокализма: русск.-цслав. вьрху, врѣшти "молотить" болг. връха́ "молочу", словен. vršíti "вытаптывать снопы скотиной".
Further etymology: Родственно лтш. vârsms "хлеб, разостланный для обмолота", "груда провеянного зерна", лат. verrō, -ere "волочу, мету" (из *versō), греч. ἔρρω "c трудом хожу, тащусь", д.-в.-н. wërran "путать"; см. Вальде2 823; М. -- Э. 4, 509; Траутман, BSW 362; Эндзелин, IF 33, 126; Буазак 284, ср. вершь.
Pages: 1,355
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
Search within this database
Pokorny's dictionary :
Search within this database
Number: 2182
Root: u̯ers-
English meaning: to drag on the ground
German meaning: `am Boden schleifen'
Material: Lat. verrō (älter vorrō), verrī, versum `schleifen, am Boden schleppen, fegen'; über gr. ἔρρω `gehe weg, schwinde' s. Frisk 566;
aisl. vǫrr `Ruderschlag'; kaum hierher as. ahd. wërran `verwirren, durcheinanderbringen' usw.;
lett. vârsms `Haufen Getreide'; russ.-ksl. vьrchu, vrěšti `dreschen', ablaut. vrachъ `das Dreschen' (geschah ursprüngl. durch Schleifen), russ. vóroch `Haufen (von Getreide)';
hitt. u̯aršii̯a-, u̯arš- `abwischen, pflücken, ernten'.
References: WP. I 267, 292 f., WH. II 761 f., Trautmann 361, Vasmer 1, 230.
Pages: 1169-1170
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
Search within this database
Kartvelian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *warcx(wn)-
Russian meaning: pасчесывать (волосы)
English meaning: to comb the hair
Georgian: warcxn-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): pасчесывать
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to comb
Megrel: rcxon-
Laz: (n)cxon-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 81, EWK 128, 452-453 (сравнивается еще др.-груз. sa-cxinv-eli 'гребень', мегр. orcxonǯi / orcxondi, лаз. oncxoǯi / ocxoǯi id.).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
Search within this database
Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *ir-Vc-
Meaning : to scratch (ground); to comb
Proto-North Dravidian : *ir-c- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,
Search within this database
Gondwan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ir-
Meaning : to comb (hair)
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,
Search within this database
Gondi etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Gondi : *ir-c-
Meaning : to comb the hair
Muria Gondi : irsānā
Koya Gondi : īṛs-
Number in DED : 493
Number in CVOTGD : 215
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
Search within this database
North Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North-Dravidian : *ir-c-
Meaning : to scratch (the ground)
Kurukh : ircnā "to scratch and turn over (as fowls in the ground), poke, dig into, scratch into and spread out, turn about and spread (as embers for extinguishing them)"
Malto : irce "to scratch the ground (as fowls do)"
Number in DED : 493
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
Search within this database
Brahui etymology :
Search within this database
Brahui : ir-is
Meaning : a comb
Number in DED : 493
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
Search within this database
Austric etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Austric: *rVs
Meaning: scratch
Austroasiatic meaning: scratch, comb
Miao-Yao parallels: *k(r)Vj claw, nail
Proto-Austronesian: *karis
Austronesian meaning: scratch, stripe, mark
Austronesian code: 12:12; 12:24
Proto-Thai: gra:t
Thai meaning: rake
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-ancode,austr-tai,austr-taime,
Search within this database
Austro-Asiatic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ra:jh / *riajh
Meaning: scratch, comb
Thai: gra:t rake CK
Proto-Khmu: *riajh
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,
Search within this database
Katuic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Katuic: *c<ǝr>a:jh
Meaning: comb
Presyllable: #
References: P-838; TK8.135
Notes: deriv. from 894
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,katet-notes,
Search within this database
West Katuic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-West Katuic:
Meaning: comb
Kui: kra:h.N
Kui meaning: a comb, to comb
Kuay: kra:h.N
Kuay meaning: a comb
Ngeu: kla:h
Ngeu meaning: a comb
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
Search within this database
East Katuic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-East Katuic: *c<ǝr>a:jh
Meaning: comb
Presyllable: #
Taojh: tarras PV?
Taojh meaning: a comb (PT-169), tǝrra:s (VL)
Ngeq: carǝ:jh V?
Ngeq meaning: to rake
Kri: cra:jh.B R?; sargra:jh a harrow
Kantu dialects: carra:s a harrow
Triw: carra:jh
Dakkan dialects (1): cara:ɫ
Dakkan dialects (2): cǝra:lh
Dakkan meaning: comb; ca:lh to comb
Katu dialects (1): cra:jh
Katu dialects (3): cǝra:jh
Katu meaning: comb
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kr,ekatet-kntt,ekatet-tr,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,ekatet-and,ekatet-hkv,ekatet-katme,
Search within this database
Bahnar etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Bahnaric: *ra:jh
Meaning: comb, rake
References: JS-118
banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-nob,banet-web,banet-har,banet-refer,
Search within this database
North Bahnaric etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North-Bahnaric:
Meaning: comb, rake
Jeh form: ddra:jh.T, sra:jh.T
Jeh meaning: comb
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,
Search within this database
West Bahnaric etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-West- Bahnaric: *ra:jh, gǝ-
Meaning: comb, rake
Jaru form: hnajh
Jaru meaning: a comb; TL: kra:jh to rake
Lavi: chiajh E?
Nhaheung form: ńrajh V?
Nhaheung meaning: comb
Brao form: cǝndra:x a rake, gra:x v.
References: JS-117, JS-118, TB17.78a
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-lve,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-refer,
Search within this database
Harak etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Harak:
Meaning: rake
Alak: ra:jh
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-alak,
Search within this database
Khmer etymology :
Search within this database
Khmer: ras
Meaning: to scrape, scratch; to rake, hoe; cra:s to brush, scrape
Old Khmer: cra:s
References: JP242
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-ref,
Search within this database
Monic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Monic: *ra:jh
Meaning: to comb
Presyllable: kǝN-
Modern Mon: graḥ
Nyakur: kǝnra:jh.L
Nyakur meaning: broom
References: V257, V257a, V257b, V257c
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-tc,monet-tcme,monet-bib,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 548462 | 3229727 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|