Chinese Dialects : List with all references

Number: 227

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 先

MC description : 山開四平先心

ZIHUI: 0341 1875

Beijing: śian 11

Jinan: śiã 11

Xi'an: śiã 11

Taiyuan: śiɛ 1

Hankou: śian 11

Chengdu: śian 11

Yangzhou: śĩ 11

Suzhou: sî 11

Wenzhou: śi 11

Changsha: siẽ 11

Shuangfeng: śî̃ 11

Nanchang: śiɛn 11

Meixian: siɛn 11

Guangzhou: šin 11

Xiamen: sian 11 (lit.); sin 11

Chaozhou: soĩ 11

Fuzhou: sieŋ 11

Shanghai: sî 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: sien 1

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Chinese characters :

Character: 先

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ̄r

Classic Old Chinese: sǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: sǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: sǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: sien

English meaning : to go in front, go ahead; before, former

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прежний; давний; прежде, раньше; впереди; предшествующий; предыдущий; послелог в обстоятельствах времени до, перед тем, как, вм. 前; 2) предшественники; предки; скончавшийся, покойный; 3) заблаговременно, предварительно, заранее; накануне, перед; раньше всех; опередить, сделать заранее; 4) господин, вм. 先生; 5) cокр. шиллинг; 6) 1-е число (в телеграммах); 7) Сянь (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *sǝ̄r-s, MC sìen (FQ 蘇佃) id. In OC the word must have been homonymous with 西 *sǝ̄r 'west' (MC siej in the latter case must be a dialectal development) q.v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7345

Karlgren code: 0478 a-e

Shijing occurrences: 28.4

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *śǝ̄r

Meaning: front, sunrise / sunset

Chinese: 先 *sǝ̄r before, 西 *sǝ̄r West.

Tibetan: śar east, śar-ba rise (of the sun etc.).

Comments: PG *śVr; Rawang nam-sarr sunrise; Trung čar¹. Sh. 403; Ben. 28. Cf. also Burm. hrijʔ before, front, ǝhrijʔ east.