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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 599
Character: 東
MC description : 通合一平東端
ZIHUI: 2639 2616
Beijing: tuŋ 11
Jinan: tuŋ 11
Xi'an: toŋ 11
Taiyuan: tuŋ 1
Hankou: toŋ 11
Chengdu: toŋ 11
Yangzhou: tɔuŋ 11
Suzhou: toŋ 11
Wenzhou: toŋ 11
Changsha: toŋ 11
Shuangfeng: taŋ 11; tǝn 11
Nanchang: tuŋ 11
Meixian: tuŋ 11
Guangzhou: tuŋ 11
Xiamen: tɔŋ 11
Chaozhou: taŋ 11
Fuzhou: tuŋ 11 (lit.); töyŋ 11
Shanghai: toŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: tuŋ 1
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 東
Modern (Beijing) reading: dōng
Preclassic Old Chinese: tōŋ
Classic Old Chinese: tōŋ
Western Han Chinese: tōŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: tōŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: tōŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: tōŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: twōŋ
Middle Chinese: tuŋ
Fanqie: 都翁
Rhyme class: 東
English meaning : East
Russian meaning[s]: 1) восток, Ост; [идти] на восток; [приходить] с востока; восточный; японский; 2) хозяин; 3) 1-е число (в телеграммах); 4) Дун (фамилия)
Shuowen gloss: 動也. 從木. 官溥說. 從日在木中. 凡東之屬皆從東.
Radical: 75
Four-angle index: 5403
Karlgren code: 1175 a-d
Go-on: tuu
Kan-on: tou
Japanese reading: tō+;higashi+;azuma
Vietnamese reading: d_ông
Jianchuan Bai: tü̃4
Dali Bai: tü5
Shijing occurrences: 21.1_, 29.3, 29.4, 37.3_, 48.3_, 51.1, 57.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-shijing,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[t]ŭŋ (r-)
Meaning: mound, hill
Tibetan: rduŋ a small mound, hillock.
Burmese: tauŋ hill, mountain.
Kachin: nduŋ2 top, summit.
Lushai: duŋ the top of a range of hills.
Comments: Namsangia ha-tśoŋ. Sh. 437. Cf. also: Burm. tauŋ South, OCh. 東 *tōŋ East, Jnp. gintoŋ1 the morning or evening star.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dwīrq̇V
Meaning: bank, mound
Comments and references : Perhaps 2 roots, cf. also Bur. (Yas., according to LDC 28) ḍuq `hill'. Cf. PAN *tuŋtuŋ 'peak, top'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *dwīrq̇V
Meaning: bank, valley, plain
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Basically a Nakh-Darg. isogloss (the Agul form may be borrowed from Darg., see above).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *tāʁV
Meaning: valley
Chechen: tōʁē
Ingush: ataʁe
Comments: 4th class in both languages. Chech. also has a form ātaʁi id. = Ing. ataʁe (reflecting *ʔā-tāʁV with a prefix). Nakh. > Osset. ataɣa 'bank valley' (Abayev 1958, 80).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *dirq̇(a)
Meaning: plain
Akusha: dirq̇
Chiragh: dirq̇a
Comments: Cf. also Ur. dirq̇, Muir., Sirg., Tsud. dirq̇a, Kub. dīq̇a id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *t:irq̇(a)
Meaning: bank, shore
Agul: dirʕ (Tp.)
Comment: The form is cited from Shaumyan; it is isolated in Ag. and may be borrowed from Dargwa (in which case the PL form *t:irq̇(a) does not exist).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *ḍoŋ
Meaning: hill, mound
Yasin: ḍoŋ
Hunza: ḍoŋ
Nagar: ḍoŋ
Comments: Sh. ṭoŋ.
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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