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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 711
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 山開二平刪見
ZIHUI: 1211 1828
Beijing: ćian 11
Jinan: ćiã 11
Xi'an: ćiã 11
Taiyuan: ćiɛ 1
Hankou: ćian 11
Chengdu: ćian 11
Yangzhou: ćiɛ̃ XH
Suzhou: ći 11 (lit.); ke_ 11
Wenzhou: ka 11
Changsha: kan 11
Shuangfeng: kã 11
Nanchang: kan 11
Meixian: kian 11
Guangzhou: kān 11
Xiamen: kan 11
Chaozhou: kaŋ 11
Fuzhou: kaŋ 11
Shanghai: ke_ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: kiǝn 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān
Preclassic Old Chinese: krān
Classic Old Chinese: krān
Western Han Chinese: krān
Eastern Han Chinese: krān
Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄n
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄n
Late Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄n
Middle Chinese: kạn
English meaning : be wicked
Russian meaning[s]: 1) лукавый; вероломный, предательский; фальшивый; коварный; 2) безнравственный; распутство, разврат; развратничать
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 38
Four-angle index: 8788
Karlgren code: 0184 a
Vietnamese reading: gian
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rāɫ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: war, enemy
Chinese: *krān be wicked.
Tibetan: ral-gri sword, sgral to cut into small pieces, viz. the picture of an enemy whom one wishes to destroy.
Burmese: ran enemy, hatred, danger.
Kachin: phjen1 war, a battle.
Lushai: rāl enemy, foe, KC *t?-r2āl.
Comments: Tiddim gāl; Moshang ral-ūŋ, Namsangia rān battle. Sh. 443; Ben 71.[PNC *Ł_ĕɫV].
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Ł_ĕɫV̆
Meaning: war
North Caucasian: *Ł_ĕɫV̆
Sino-Tibetan: *rāɫ
Comments and references : HGC 34, WFR 40, LV D6.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *Ł_ĕɫV̆
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: war, fight
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣:VlV
Proto-Tsezian: *ƛɔlǝ A
Proto-Lak: č:al
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ƛ̣:VlV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: war
Avar: ƛ̣:al
Comments: Av. paradigm C (ƛ̣:alú-l, ƛ̣:ála-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *ƛɔlǝ A
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: war, fight
Tsezi: ƛori
Ginukh: ƛore
Khvarshi: ƛola
Inkhokvari: ƛolo
Bezhta: ƛalo (Tlad.)
Gunzib: ƛɔle (Gunz.)
Comments: PTsKh *ƛoRǝ; PGB *ƛɔlǝ.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: č:al
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: argument, contest
Lak form: č:al
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,

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