Chinese Dialects : List with all references

Number: 84

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 少

MC description : A: 效開三上小書; B: 效開三去笑書

ZIHUI: A: 1421 1376; B: 1421 1377

Beijing: A: ṣau 2; B: ṣau 3

Jinan: A: ṣɔ 2; B: ṣɔ 3

Xi'an: A: ṣau 2; B: ṣau 3

Taiyuan: A: sau 2; B: sau 3

Hankou: A: sau 2; B: sau 3

Chengdu: A: sau 2; B: sau 3

Yangzhou: A: sɔ 2; B: sɔ 3

Suzhou: A: sä 2; B: sä 31

Wenzhou: A: śiɛ 21; B: śiɛ 31

Changsha: A: ṣau 2; B: ṣau 31

Shuangfeng: A: śia 2; B: śia 31

Nanchang: A: sɛu 2; B: sɛu 31

Meixian: A: sau 2; B: sau 3

Guangzhou: A: šiu 21; B: šiu 31

Xiamen: A: siu 31; B: siu 31

Chaozhou: A: siǝu 21; B: siǝu 31

Fuzhou: A: sieu 2 (lit.); chieu 2; B: sieu 31

Shanghai: A: sɔ 3; B: sɔ 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: A: šiau 2; B: šiau 3

Chinese characters :

Character: 少

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: tewʔ

Classic Old Chinese: téw

Western Han Chinese: tjáw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: śéw

Middle Chinese: śéw

English meaning : be few, little

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мало; малочисленный; небольшой; редкий; 2) немножко, чуть-чуть; поменьше, менее, меньше; 3) недоставать; отсутствовать, не быть в достаточном количестве; быть дефицитным; нехватать; 4) быть в долгу, быть должным; 5) снизить цену, уступить; [shào] 1) молодой; в молодых годах, в молодости; 2) младший; неопытный; 3) пренебрегать, относиться свысока; недооценивать

Comments: Also read *tewʔ-s, MC śèw (FQ 失照), Mand. shào 'be junior, young' (Schüssler does not distinguish between these two meanings, glossing both of them as MC śéw). Sino-Viet. has both thiếu and thiê`u, but they are semantically confused. For OC *t- cf. Min forms: Xiamen cio³, Chaozhou cio³, Fuzhou cieu³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 42

Four-angle index: 4053

Karlgren code: 1149 e-f

Vietnamese reading: thiếu

Jianchuan Bai: śu1

Dali Bai: śou1

Bijiang Bai: šü1

Shijing occurrences: 26.4_

bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)u (~-iw)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: nephew

Chinese: 少 *tewʔ-s junior, young (?)

Burmese: tu nephew, son of a man's sister, LB *tu.

Lushai: tu grandchild, KC *tu.

Lepcha: thă a grand-child

Comments: Rawang phǝdu nephew; Trung pǝ³-du¹; Rgyarung temdu. Sh. 48; Ben. 62. Cf. perhaps also OC 叔 *tikʷ ( < *tiw-k?) or *tu-k third to second-to-last of brothers, junior.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dwi(r)χE

Meaning: son, child

North Caucasian: *dwirχE

Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)u

Comments and references : In PST cf. also *toj ( ~ dh-,-u-) `youngest child' (a variant of the same root?)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *dwirχE

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child, son

Proto-Dargwa: *durχIʷa

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ʷi(r)χ

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The form *dwirχE, reflected in PD and PL, probably goes back to an earlier *u_V-dirχE (with the 1st class prefix *uV-); cf. PHU *wutqi, *witēqi 'son' reflected in Hurr. futqi, fitēqi (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 20).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *durχIʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child

Akusha: durħaI

Chiragh: darχIa

Comments: Cf. also Ur. durħʷaI, Kub. dūħu.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ʷi(r)χ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: son

Rutul: duχ

Tsakhur: duχ / diχ

Kryz: diχ

Budukh: diχ

Comment: Medial -r- is regularly lost before uvulars in all languages preserving this root, thus it could have been there in PL (its presence is suggested by the Darg. parallel).