Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *māḷ-

Meaning : to die; to destroy

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *māḷ-

Proto-Telugu : *māl-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *maḷ-aŋ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *māḷ-

Meaning : to die, perish; to cease

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : māḷ (māḷv-, māṇṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to die, perish, be exhausted, expended or finished

Tamil derivates : māṭṭu (māṭṭi-) to kill, destroy, remove, cause to disappear; māṇṭār the dead; maṭku (maṭki-) to be dim, deprived of lustre, glory, or brilliance, lose strength, be destroyed

Kannada : māṇ

Kannada meaning : to stop, cease, subside, be laid aside, be got rid of, be checked or repressed, desist from, cease from, give over

Kannada derivates : māḷ to cease, etc.

Tulu : māṇāvuni, mānāvuni

Tulu meaning : to lessen, decrease, abate

Notes : Kannada and Tulu forms are derived by analogy with the past stem (*mānḍ-).

Number in DED : 4831

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *māl-

Meaning : to be spoiled, be destroyed, be removed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : mālu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : malãgu "to cease, stop (as births and deaths), (sins) to diminish"

Additional forms : Also mālucu to stop, set aside, remove; malugu to be extinguished, (K also) be reduced, diminish (as hunger), (lamp) goes down due to lack of oil; malupu to extinguish, put out, destroy; (K) malãpu to remove, extinguish; manũgu, (K also) manuvu to die

Number in DED : 4831

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *maḷ-aŋ-

Meaning : to erase, wipe

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *mḷa-ŋ- (caus. *mḷak-)

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVlV

Meaning: bad, sick, weak ( > sometimes 'small'?)

Indo-European: *mel- (also 'small' 778)

Altaic: *mòle

Uralic: ? FU *m[o]ḷV 'little'

Kartvelian: ? Georg., Megr. mal- 'to hide, hide oneself'

Dravidian: *māḷ-

Comments: Cf. also *mā̀li 'disease, wound'; PD *māl- 'confused, perturbed, intoxicated'

References: ND 1402 *m[ä]LV 'to hide' (Georg. + IE + part of TM); 1405 *m[a]HḷV 'little, young' (FU, part of IE + differ. Turk.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *(s)mal-/-e-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: small, mean, malicious

Tokharian: A smale 'Lüge', smālok 'Lügner'

Avestan: mairya- 'betrügerisch, schurkisch'

Armenian: meɫ, pl. -kh `Sünde'

Old Greek: méleo- `eitel, vergeblich, nichtig, unglücklich'; blás-phǟmo- `lästernd, verleumdend, der Vedrleumder', blasphǟméō `schmähen, lästern, verleumden'

Slavic: *mā́lъ(jь)

Baltic: *mel-a-, *mal-a- adj., *mel-ja-, -ia- c., *mel̃s- vb. tr.

Germanic: *smal-a- adj.; *smal-an- m.

Latin: malus `schlecht, minderwertig; übel, böse; lose'; malitia `täuschende Bosheit, Tücke'

Other Italic: Osk mallom, mallud `id.'

Celtic: *mell- > MIr mell `Sünde, Fehler', mellaim `betrüge'

Russ. meaning: злонамеренный

References: WP II 291 + REFERNUM 1278

Comments: Differently in Pok.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *mel-a-, *mal-a- adj., *mel-ja-, -ia- c., *mel̃s- vb. tr.

Meaning: lies

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: mẽla-s, žem. mãla-s `Lüge'

Lettish: męli pl. `Lüge', melis, f. mele `Lügner, -in', mèlst (-šu, -su) `faseln, flunkern, verwirrt reden; Unsinn schwatzen'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1258

Root: mel-2

English meaning: to fail; to deceive

German meaning: `verfehlen, trügen'

Derivatives: m_el-i̯o- `böse'

Material: Av. mairya- `betrügerisch, schurkisch'; arm. meɫ, Pl. meɫk` `Sünde'; gr. μέλεος `vergeblich, nichtig, unglücklich, elend' (scheint als *μελε[σ]ος auf dem -es-St. *meles- zu beruhen, dessen schwächste Stufe *ml̥s-, βλασ- vielleicht in βλάσ-φημος als `Verfehltes, Unpassendes sagend');vielleicht μύλη `Mißgeburt'? zu ἀμβλίσκω, ἀμβλόω `tue eine Fehlgeburt'; mir. mell `Irrtum, Fehler' (*mel-s-os, vom es-St.), mellaim `betrüge', maile `Böses'; cymr. mall `verderbt' (*ml̥so-); lit. mẽlas `Lüge', lett. Pl. męli ds., màldît `irren, sich versehen', mùldêt `herumirren, phantasieren, sich plagen', mèlst `verwirrt reden'.

References: WP. II 291.

Pages: 719-720

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *mòle

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sick, weak

Russian meaning: больной, слабый

Turkic: *bül-

Tungus-Manchu: *mul-

Korean: *mɨră-

Japanese: *mǝ̀rǝ̀-

Comments: Martin 242 (Jpn.-Kor.)

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bül-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be destroyed, ruined 2 to destroy

Russian meaning: 1 разрушаться, разоряться 2 разрушать

Tatar: böl- 1

Middle Turkic: OKypch. bül- 'to remove, fire' (AH)

Kirghiz: bülün- 'to be alarmed'

Kazakh: bülin- 1, büldir- 2

Bashkir: böl- 1

Karaim: bül- 1

Comments: VEWT 92, EDT 332.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mul-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to fall ill 2 weak, tired

Russian meaning: 1 заболевать 2 слабый, усталый

Evenki: mul- (Вас.), multe 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 555 (Evk. > Yak. möltö-, not vice versa). Attested only in Evk. {(cf. perhaps also: Ewk. dial. meltile- 'to hide, shrink into one's shell', Manch. mele- 'to hide, steal away' - see ТМС 1, 567)}, but having possible external parallels.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *mɨ̀rằ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: soft, weak

Russian meaning: мягкий, слабый

Modern Korean: murɨ-

Middle Korean: mɨră-, mɨ̀rɨ̀-

Comments: Nam 226, KED 656.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *mǝ̀rǝ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fragile

Russian meaning: хрупкий

Old Japanese: m(w)oro-

Middle Japanese: mòrò-

Tokyo: moró-

Kyoto: mórò-

Kagoshima: móro-

Comments: JLTT 835. The Kagoshima accent is aberrant.

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