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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *pēnḍ-
Meaning : cowdung
Notes : Irregular vowel shortness in PKG.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *pēnḍ-
Meaning : dung of cattle
Telugu : pē̃ḍa
Dialectal forms (1) : peṇḍa
Additional forms : Also peṇṭa manure; peṇṭika hard excrement of sheep, goats, deer, etc.
Number in DED : 4441
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *penḍ-
Meaning : dung
Kolami : penḍa "cowdung"
Naikri : penḍa "dung (of cow, etc.)"
Number in DED : 4441
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pēnḍ-
Meaning : cowdung
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *pēnḍ-
Meaning : cowdung
Maria Gondi : pēnḍa
Koya Gondi : pēnḍa
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : penḍā
Number in DED : 4441
Number in CVOTGD : 2361
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : pēṇḍa
Meaning: dung (of cattle)
Number in DED : 4441
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pVnV
Meaning: clay, mud
Kartvelian: Georg. puna 'faeces, dung'
References: ND 1669 *p[ü](g)ŋV 'dirt, faeces' (Kartv. + SH, with a great deal of confusion). Cf. also *ṗoŋV. [If the original meaning is "red clay", one could compare BF *puna 'red colour, blood'?] nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *pan-
Meaning: mud, slush, morass
Celtic: MIr an `Wasser'; Gaul (Endlichers Glossar) anam `paludem'
Russ. meaning: жидкая грязь, болото
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *pan-iā̃ f.
Meaning: morast
Old Prussian: pannean 'Moorbruch'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *fani, *fanja-n, -z; *funja-n etc.
Meaning: clay, mud, marsh
Gothic: fani n. (ja) `clay, mud'
Old Norse: fen n. `Sumpf'
Norwegian: fen
Danish: fen
Old English: fen (fenn, fänn) n./m. `Sumpf, Moor', fyne, -es n.? `moisture, mould', fynig (fini) `mouldy, musty, damp'
English: fen
Old Frisian: fene m. `moeras'; OWFris faen
East Frisian: ven `weide'; WFris vunsterig `slecht', Fris fenne `niet maaibaar weiland'
Old Saxon: fen(n)i n. `Sumpfg, Moor'
Middle Dutch: vunsc `muffig'; vunst, vunstich `slecht'; vēne, veen n., f.; venne `veen, moeras'
Dutch: vuns; veen n.; ven n. `kleine meertjes in de heide, door uitvening onstane plas'
Middle Low German: venne f. `moorige Weide'; vunsch; vēn `moeras, veen'
Old High German: { fenna }, fenni n. (9.Jh.), fennī f. (um 800) `stehendes Wasser, Sumpf, Moor'
Middle High German: vɛnne st. n. 'sumpf'
German: Fenn n.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-eastfris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1481
Root: pen-2, pen-ko-
English meaning: swamp; water, wet
German meaning: `Schlamm, Sumpf, Wasser; feucht'
Derivatives: pon-i̯o- `Sumpf'
Material: Mir. en (*peno-?) `Wasser', enach `Sumpf', en-glas `wässerige Milch', cymr. en-wyn `Buttermilch', mir. on-chū `Fischotter' (`Wasserhund'), FlN On, ON Onach (`Sumpf'), kelt. FlN ῎Ενος, jünger *Eni̯os `Inn', gall. FlN *Ona `Fluß', auch als Suffix (Bebronna `Biberbach' usw.); reduktionsstuf. mir. an f. `Wasser, Urin', gall. anom `paludem'; got. fani n. `Schlamm', aisl. fen n. `Sumpf', ahd. fenna, fennī f., mhd. venne n., as. feni n. ds., mnd. venne f. `moorige Weide', ags. fenn m. n. `Sumpf, Moor', wozu ablautend ags. fyne `Feuchtigkeit', fynig `schimmelig', mnl. vunsc, mndl. vuns `muffig'; apr. pannean `Moorbruch' (= germ. *fanja-), lit. paniabùdė `Fliegenpilz', lett. pane f. `Jauche'; auch illyr. Pannonia.
Mit ko-Formans: ai. paŋka- m. n. `Schlamm, Kot, Sumpf'; mir. ēicne `Lachs' (*penk-īni̯o-); tiefstufige -t(i̯)o-Ableitung *fuŋχt(j)a- in ahd. fūht, fūhti, ags. fūht `feucht'.
References: WP. II 5 f., Trautmann 205, Pokorny BzNF 2, 37 f.
Pages: 807-808
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *beńa
Meaning: red clay, dirt
Russian meaning: красная глина, грязь
Comments: If the Negidal form belongs here, it may reflect, together with PT *bAńak, a common derivative *beńa-kV.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bAńak
Meaning: dung
Russian meaning: навоз
Old Turkic: majaq (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: majaq, bajnaq (MK, Oghuz XI c.) Uighur: majaq
Tuva: mɨjaq
Tofalar: mɨj̃aq
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-uig,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *beŋ-ge-
Meaning: to sully
Russian meaning: пачкать
Negidal: beŋge-
Comments: ТМС 1, 126. Attested only in Negidal, with possible external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-neg,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pání
Meaning: red clay
Russian meaning: красная глина
Old Japanese: pani
Middle Japanese: fání
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ana-ʁ-
Meaning: rust
Russian meaning: ржавчина
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ana-ʁ-
Meaning: rust
Russian Meaning: ржавчина
Sirenik: ánaχtātcǝʁá 'to be rusty'
Chaplino: anaq (t), anáʁaqā 'to be rusty'
Naukan: anaqátāquq 'to be rusty'
Chugach (Birket-Smith): [anạʁqānạq 'white', 'white whale'], anaχqaƛeʁuaq 'yellow'
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-chgm,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVNV
Meaning : clay, mud
Afroasiatic : *pVn- (Chad., Cush.) 'dirt'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pV́ńV
Meaning: dirt
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Paŋ
Meaning: dung
Tibetan: sbaŋs dung of larger animals.
Burmese: bhaŋ dung, excrements (OB phaŋ).
Comments: Ben. 21; Luce 74.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pVʔń
Meaning: dandruff
Yug: fɔʔń, pl. fɔńiŋɨn 5
Kottish: fini, *fińi, fin, pl. finaŋ "scab"
Comments: ССЕ 254. Werner 1, 282 *phǝʔn.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *pVn
Meaning: 1 dung of small cattle and camels 2 dung of horses, donkeys, camels, goats
Yasin: gus-pén 1, har-pán 2
Hunza: gus-pén 1, har-pán 2
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,
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