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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kūn-
Meaning : mushroom
Proto-South Dravidian: *kūn- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian :
Tamil : kūmpu (kūmpi-)
Tamil meaning : to close, shut (as a flower), contract, shrink, lose courage
Tamil derivates : kūppu (kūppi-) to close, contract, shut in (as an umbrella), draw in (as the sun its rays), join hands as in worship; n. joining hands as in worship; kuvi (-v-, -nt-) to close (as flowers by night); (-pp-, -tt-) id., draw in (as the sun its rays in setting); kuvaḷai blue nelumbo [which closes by day]
Malayalam : kūmpuka
Malayalam meaning : to close (as flowers)
Malayalam derivates : kūppuka id., salute by joining both hands, worship; kūppu closing; kuvaḷa waterlily
Kannada : kōvaḷ, kōhaḷ, kōḷe, kōmaḷe
Kannada meaning : blue waterlily
Number in DED : 1894
sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kūnd-
Meaning : mushroom
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kūnd-i
Meaning : mushroom
Gommu Gondi : kūhk "mushroom(s)"
Muria Gondi : kūhk "mushroom(s)"
Maria Gondi : kūnji (pl. kūhku)
Koya Gondi : kūhk "mushroom(s)"
Number in DED : 1893
Number in CVOTGD : 839
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : kūnd
Meaning: mushroom (BB)
Number in DED : 1893
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kūnd (pl. *kūt-ku)
Meaning : mushroom
Pengo : kūnd (pl. kūtku)
Manda : kūnd (pl. gūtke)
Notes : Irregular g- in Manda.
Number in DED : 1893
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-notes,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kūnd-u
Meaning : mushroom
Kui : kūndu (pl. kutka)
Sunkarametta Kuwi : kūndu
Parja Kuwi : kūndu
Kuwi (Israel) : kūndu
Number in DED : 1893
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *kanpV
Meaning: lip, soft excrescence
References: МССНЯ 338, ОСНЯ 1, 291-292; ND 906 *kaNpV 'a soft excrescense'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *gambh-, *ghamb-, *gamb-
Meaning: swelling; cheek, buttock
Other Iranian: NPers gumbad 'convexity', Pashto ɣumba 'bump'
Old Greek: pl. gamphá-i̯, gamph[ē]lá-i̯ f. `Kinnbacken eines Tieres'
Russ. meaning: вырост, желвак, щека, ягодица
References: WP I 567
Comments: Probably two roots -- 'Auswuchs' and 'Steiss, Kinnbacke'.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: губа́
Near etymology: I., ср. укр. гу́ба "рот", болг. гъ́ба -- то же, сербохорв. гу̏бица "морда, рыло", словен. gȏbǝc "морда", чеш. huba, стар. húba "морда, рот", польск. gęba "рот, морда", в.-луж. huba, н.-луж. guba.
Further etymology: Возм., родственно греч. γαμφαί, γαμφηλαί " скулы", лит. gémbė "гвоздь, сучок", первонач. "острие, выступ"; см. Педерсен, KZ 36, 334; Mat. i Pr. 1, 172; Бернекер 1, 340. Ср. лат. mentum "подбородок, выступ", кимр. mant "скула", гот. munþus "рот". Наряду с этим имеется возможность общего происхождения с губа́ II; ср. Брюкнер 138; KZ 42, 332 и сл.; Траутман, BSW 340. Неприемлемо сравнение с др.-инд. gámbhan- (gámbha-), gambháram "глубина", gabhás "vulva", гот. wamba "живот", вопреки Уленбеку (Aind. Wb. 77; PBB 22, 142); см. Педерсен, Mat. i Pr. 1, 165 и сл.
Pages: 1,468
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *gumb-ā̂ (1) f. (Lett AC, 1 ~ Lith CIRC)
Meaning: swelling
Lithuanian: gum̃ba-s 'Erhabenheit, Konvexität, Auswuchs am Körper, Beule, Geschwulst, Knorren, Knoten, Blähung, Kolik'
Lettish: gum̃ba `Geschwulst, Beule; Erhöhung, Haufe; Falte; jähe Biegung am Krummholz'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *gumpa-z, *kumpa-z, *kamp=
Meaning: buttocks
Old Norse: gump-r m. `Hinterbacke, Steiss'; kump-r m. 'Klumpen'
Norwegian: gump `Steiss'; dial. kump 'Klumpen, Kloss, halbkugelförmige Erhöhung am Erdboden', kamp '(rundlicher) Stein, Bergknollen, Stumpf von Stöcken'
Swedish: gump `Steiss'
Danish: gump `Steiss'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ómp`[e]
Meaning: fungus
Russian meaning: гриб, плесень
Comments: Martin 236, Дыбо 11. Vocalism is not quite certain. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *kömbe, -lek
Meaning: mushroom
Russian meaning: гриб
Turkish: gömelek (dial.)
Tatar: gömbɛ
Azerbaidzhan: göbäläk
Turkmen: kömelek
Chuvash: kъʷmba
Bashkir: gömbɛ
Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 101 (Chuv. is hardly < Old Russian, which already had guba, not gǫba). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xum(p)-
Meaning: 1 to soften 2 smth. rotten 3 softened birch bark 4 rotten birch
Russian meaning: 1 размягчать (кожу, кору) 2 гнилой, гниль 3 береста (размягченная) 4 береза (гнилая)
Evenki: umdu- 1, ubgučē 4
Negidal: umdus-umdus 2
Nanai: χomdo (Naikh.) 3
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kōmph-
Meaning: 1 mould 2 to become mouldy
Russian meaning: 1 плесень 2 плесневеть
Modern Korean: kōm, kōmphaŋ 1
Middle Korean: kōmphúi- 2
Comments: Nam 52, KED 161, 162. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kámp(u)í
Meaning: mould
Russian meaning: плесень
Tokyo: kàbi
Kyoto: kábí
Kagoshima: kábi
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1346
Proto: *kómpV
English meaning: mushroom
German meaning: Pilz
Saam (Lapp): guobbâr
Udmurt (Votyak): gubi
Komi (Zyrian): gob
Sammalahti's version: *ko/mpV
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVNPV
Meaning : lip, soft excrescence
Amerind (misc.) : ? *ḳʷati 'skin' (actually 'lip') (R 637) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *k/ganpVr-
Meaning: lip; muzzle
Notes: Borrowing from Arb (in Brb) and Eth (in Cush) is possible.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-agw,afaset-sho,afaset-lec,afaset-scu,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 2575
Proto-Semitic: *ka/inpa/ir-
Meaning: tip of the nose; lip
Arabic: kinfirat- 'tip of the nose' [Fraytag 4 65] (not in [BK])
Geʕez (Ethiopian): kanfar 'lip, language, brim, edge, hem' [LGz 287]. Cf. kǝnfār, konfār 'hump, arm, front of leg of an animal' [LGz 287]), with a meaning shift 'the projecting part of the head' > 'the projecting parts of the body'?
Tigre: känfär, kämfär 'lip' [LH 418]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): känfär 'labbro' [Bass 608]
Amharic: känfär 'lip, brim' [K 1446]
Gurage: CHA EŽA ENN GYE MUH MSQ GOG SOD känfär, END käfär 'lip' [LGur 345]
Notes: Only ARB and ETH supported, however, by AFRASIAN. Both meanings of the proto-form are easily compatible if refer to the tip of animal's muzzle/snout. There is little doubt that the ARB example is cognate of the ETH ones which therefore are not borrowed from CUSH (see comprehensive discussion in [LGz 287]).
Note the meaning 'edge, brim' in ETH to compare with AKK kibru (kipru) 'edge, shore, bank' OA on [CAD k 334], [AHw 471]; though in both sources kibru is quoted as the basic form, it may rather be kipru (<*kinpVr-), if the comparison is valid. In this case one must assume either an homonymy of the two SEM terms, 'tip of the muzzle/snout; lip' and 'edge, brim ' or a derivation of the former from the latter implied by the AFRASIAN cognates.
That the root is "expressive" may account for a series of variant roots in ARB (kunt_ur-, kant_arat- 'gland du pénis; mufle, bout du museau de l'âne [BK 2 933]; ḳanfar-, ḳunfūr- 'verge, pénis; orifice' [ibid. 825]) and MSA (MHR QISHN kǝrfī́f 'lip' [SSL 1 278], HRS kerōf 'to sniff' [JH 69], JIB kɛrféf 'face' [JJ 134] and metathetic ḳǝfrér 'lip' [SSL 1 279]).
[LGz 287]: GEZ, ETH, ARB (comparison with AKK kipru and MSA kǝrfī́f etc. considered unlikely)
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-gur,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *k/gVnfur-
Meaning: 'lip, muzzle'
Ntifa: a-kenfur
Snus: a-kenfur
Notes: Tinduft a-gǝnfur 'lèvre'
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ntf,brbet-snu,brbet-notes,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *kanpar-
Meaning: 'lip'
Bilin: kanfǝr
Qwara: kanpǝr
Qemant: kǝmbǝr
Awiya (Aungi): kanfar
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,agwet-kwr,agwet-kem,agwet-aun,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *kamfer-
Meaning: 'muzzle'
Saho: kamfer
Notes: Assimilation of *-np- > *-mf-
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-saho,shoet-notes,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *gafur-
Meaning: 'muzzle'
Somali: gafuur
Notes: Irregular *g- < *k- and loss of inlaut *-n-. An expressive form with irregular phonetic changes?
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,lecet-notes,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *k/gamp(ar)-
Meaning: 'chin' 1, 'beard' 2
Alagwa (Wasi): gamfari 1, 2
Burunge (Mbulungi): gamfa1
Qwadza (Ngomvia): kampuko 1
Notes: Ehr HRSC 365
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-alg,scuet-bur,scuet-kwz,scuet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳwēmṭī
Meaning: lip, mouth
Comments and references : NSC 55 *ḳwVm(P)V, LV Cb2 (Chinese has -ǝ̄-, thus this is not an exception). [Bur. has Hun., Nag. qham `swollen palate', Yas. DC kham `throat' - cf. PST *q(r)ām `jaw, cheek'?] sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳwēmṭī (~ -ō)
Meaning: lip
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (it seems probable that the Khin. word for 'nose' also belongs here - with a secondary dissimilative deglottalisation of the second consonant).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ḳʷiṭi
Meaning: lip
Avar: ḳʷeṭ
Chadakolob: ḳʷeṭ
Godoberi: ḳoṭi
Comments: Av. paradigm B (ḳʷeṭá-lzul, ḳuṭ-bí; Chad. ḳuṭá-ldul, ḳuṭ-bí).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ḳʷenṭ
Meaning: lip
Akusha: ḳenṭ
Comments: Cf. also Ur. ḳʷinṭ, Kub. ḳʷinṭ, Tsud. č̣inṭ, Kait. č̣ʷenṭ etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ḳʷenṭ
Meaning: lip
Tabasaran: ḳʷanṭ
Agul: ḳenṭʷ (Bursh.)
Archi: ḳʷenṭ
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. ḳanṭa. See Бокарев 1961,62; Лексика 1971, 108; Гигинейшвили 1977, 81.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: ḳɨtɨr
North Caucasian etymology: 669
Meaning: nose
Khinalug form: ḳɨtɨr
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khǝ̄m
Meaning: lip, mouth
Burmese: hnut-khamh lip, brim or upper edge of a vessel.
Lushai: kam the mouth.
Lepcha: boŋ-kăm the upper jaw
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 頷
Modern (Beijing) reading: hàn
Preclassic Old Chinese: ghǝ̄mʔ
Classic Old Chinese: ghǝ̄́m
Western Han Chinese: ɣǝ̄́m
Eastern Han Chinese: ɣǝ̄́m
Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄́m
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄́m
Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄́m
Middle Chinese: ɣʌ́m
English meaning : chin, lower jaw [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) низ подбородка; зоб; 2) кивнуть головой (в знак одобрения)
Comments: For *gh- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou am4. Also read *ghǝ̄m, MC ɣлm (FQ 胡男), whence Viet. hàm id.
Radical: 181
Four-angle index: 8080
Karlgren code: 0651 |n ́
Go-on: gon
Kan-on: kan
Japanese reading: kan;gon;gan;otogai;ago;unazuku
Vietnamese reading: hàm
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *kam
Meaning: mouth, palate
Kaling: kwam 'mouth'
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: khamda:k
Grammar: n.
Meaning: hard palate
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: kǝm
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mouth, buccal cavity
Nepali: mukh.
Derivation: [also attested in Sasarkā ]
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-dercomm,
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