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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ir-
Meaning : two
Proto-South Dravidian: *ir- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ir- Proto-North Dravidian : *ir- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ir-
Meaning : two
Tamil : iraṇṭu, (coll.) reṇṭu
Tamil meaning : two
Tamil derivates : iraṇṭām, iraṇṭāvatu second; iraṇai couple, pair; iraṭṭai pair, married couple, twins, even numbers; iraṭṭaiyar twins; iraṭṭi (-pp-, -tt-) to double (tr.), repeat; be doubled, return, disagree; n. double quantity; iraṭṭippu double quantity; iraṭṭu (iraṭṭi-) to double (intr.), sound alternately; wave alternately (tr.); n. doubleness; iru (before consonant), īr (before vowel) adj. two; iru-patu, iru-vatu twenty; iru-nūr_u 200; irumai twofold state; iruvar two persons; ivv-iraṇṭu two by two
Malayalam : raṇṭu
Malayalam meaning : two
Malayalam derivates : raṇṭ-āka to be divided, be doubled; raṇṭām second; raṇṭikka to be divided, disagree; double, multiply; iraṭṭa double, even; iraṭṭi double, twice as much; iraṭṭikka to double, multiply; iru (before consonant), īr (before vowel) adj. two; iruvar two persons; iru-patu twenty; iru-nūr_u 200; ī-raṇṭu by twos
Kannada : eraḍu, erḍu, eraẓ
Kannada meaning : two
Kannada derivates : adj. iru, ir, ik, ic, etc., īr; irpattu, ippattu twenty; innūr_u 200; irbar, ibbar, irvar two persons; irme, imme twice
Kodagu : daṇḍɨ
Kodagu meaning : two things
Kodagu derivates : daṇḍane second; pann-eraṇḍɨ twelve; iru-vadɨ twenty; in-nūrɨ 200; īr āṇḍɨ two years; īrak ëttɨ two pairs of bullocks; īraba, īraṇḍɨ two by two (persons, things); īraḍi the usual two helpings at a meal; ibba two persons; imma twice; irme separation, difference
Tulu : raḍḍụ
Tulu meaning : two things
Tulu derivates : raḍḍanè second; middling; irụ, ir- adj. two, double, both; ir-nūdu 200; ir-portu a whole day; irva twenty; irbaḍi double; irverụ two persons; irvoḷu twice
Miscellaneous : IRU raṇḍu, reṇḍu two; KOR (M) eyḍɨ two
Number in DED : 0474
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *ir-
Meaning : two
Kota : eyd_
Toda : ēḍ (obl. ēḍṇ-/ēṇ-; ēɫ̣̣- when preceded by plural personal or reflexive pronoun)
Additional forms : Also Kota ir vād twenty; irrvād by twenties; ir pāṇy two pāny measures; i vat od_ twenty-one, etc.; i nūr 200; īr āṛ two years; īr ōk two oḷk measures; eṛ calg two calg measures; Toda ɨ foɵ twenty; ɨ nūr_ 200; i kwāw two kwāx measures; īr ōṛ two years; īr ak two ačok measures; īṭy double, even (of numbers); ɨm double; ɨmu twins (pl. ɨmuām twins on more than one occasion); ɨ̄štyū twice
Notes : The cluster -yd_- in Kota is unique and most probably reflects a very untrivial development from *-r(ǝ)nḍ-, cf. the external evidence.
Number in DED : 474
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *irV-
Meaning : two things
Telugu : reṇḍu
Additional forms : Also reṇḍava second, another; renca two (in gambling); reṇṭa two ways or courses; reṭṭa double, twofold; reṭṭi twice as much; reṭṭincu to double; reṭṭimpu doubling; double; panneṇḍu twelve; iru-, īr- = reṇḍu in some compounds; iruvadi, (coll.) iruvai twenty; in-nūr_u 200; [1] iddar_u, [2] iruguru, [3] iruvuru, (inscr.) ibbaṇḍru, ibbaru two persons; inu mār_u twice
Number in DED : 474
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ir-
Meaning : two
Kolami : indiŋ "two things"
Naikri : indiŋg "two things"
Naiki : ernḍi "two things"
Parji : irḍu "two things"
Ollari Gadba : inḍi "two things"
Salur Gadba : iḍḍig "two (neut.)"
Poya Gadba : iḍḍig "two (neut.)"
Additional forms : Also Kolami iddar two men; īral two women; in nal two days; (P) irve twenty; Naikri iddar two men; iraḷ two women; eṛ in balg-eṛ two seers; Naiki iroṭel, iroṭer two men; ira two women; ir nān two days; ernḍik two years; ernḍiḍa twice; Parji irul two men; iral two women; adj. ir; iroṭ twice; Ollari irul two men; iral two women; adj. ir
Notes : The inflected forms are as follows: *ir-nḍi (neut., sometimes used with the plural ending - *irnḍiŋ); *ir-oṭel (masc.), *ir-aḷ (fem.).
Number in DED : 474
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-poya,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *iri-
Meaning : two
Notes : See also PG *ir-vur two (masc.) Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *re-nḍu
Meaning : two (non-masc.)
Betul Gondi : ranḍ
Maria Gondi : renḍ
Seoni Gondi : ranḍu
Koya Gondi : renḍ
Additional forms : Most dialects have ranḍ; Also Gondi_Tr, Gondi_Ph rahk rahk two each; Gondi_W, Gondi_Ch ranṭe both, pair; Gondi_Tr rancē two or so
Number in DED : 474
Number in CVOTGD : 3013
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : riʔ-/ri-
Meaning: two
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : iddum "two tūm measures"
Additional forms : Also Konda runḍi two (fem. and neut.); riʔer two men; riʔeṭ we two; riʔider you two; rineṇḍ two days; riyaŋa two sides; riza twice; ruṭkulaka at the rate of two, two each
Number in DED : 474
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ri
Meaning : two
Pengo : ri
Manda : ri
Additional Forms : Also Pengo rikar two men; rinḍek two women; rinḍaŋ two (neut.); Manda rikar two men; rikehiŋ two women
Number in DED : 474
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-addition,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *rī
Meaning : two
Kui : rī "two (adj. preceding n.)"
Khuttia Kui : ri
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : rī
Kuwi (Schulze) : ri
Kuwi (Israel) : rī
Additional forms : Also Kui rīaru two men; rīnḍe, rīnḍi two women or things (adj. following n.); rīhe twice; riko on two sides; Kuwi_K ri'er, ri'ari two men; rinḍi two (fem., nt.); ri kōṛi forty; Kuwi_F rīari two men; rindi two women or things; Kuwi_S riari two men; rindi two women or things; Kuwi_Isr ri'ari two men; riṇḍi two (fem., neut.); ri'ni two days
Notes : The forms *rīʔari and *rinḍi date back to PK.
Number in DED : 474
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuttia,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *ir-b
Meaning : two persons
Kurukh : irb
Malto : iwr
Additional forms : Also KUR irbar, irbarim both; ē̃ṛ, ēṇḍ two things; MLT -is two (things); iwresti two by two (persons); -isti two by two (things)
Number in DED : 474
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : ir-aṭ
Meaning : two (entities)
Additional forms : Also BRA adj. irā
Number in DED : 474
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-addition,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *jVŕV
Meaning: two, pair
References: ND 2525 *wor(y)[E] 'another' (?? whence *w-?) (w/o Ur.; + some Cush.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ŏŕe ( ~ -i)
Meaning: other, one of two
Russian meaning: другой, один из двух
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *öŕ-ge
Meaning: other
Russian meaning: другой
Old Turkic: özge (OUygh.)
Turkish: özge
Tatar: üzgä
Uzbek: ọzgä
Uighur: özgä
Sary-Yughur: üzge
Azerbaidzhan: özgä
Turkmen: özge
Shor: öske
Oyrat: öskö
Tuva: öske
Tofalar: öske
Kirghiz: özgö
Kazakh: özge
Noghai: özge
Balkar: özge
Karaim: özge
Karakalpak: özge
Kumyk: özge
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *öre-
Meaning: 1 to set in order, put in line, arrange in a row 2 half of a carcass; hobble for legs on one side of a horse 3 one of two (objects)
Russian meaning: 1 приводить в порядок, располагать в ряд 2 половина туши; односторонние путы 3 один из двух (предметов)
Written Mongolian: örü- (L 643), öre- 1, örügel 2 (L 643) Middle Mongolian: ore'elesun (HY 44) 2, ore'ele 3 (SH), urele 2 (MA) Khalkha: örö- 1, örȫl 2
Buriat: ürȫhe(n), ürȫle 3
Kalmuck: ör- 1 örēsṇ 3
Ordos: örȫl 2
Baoan: rɛji 3
Shary-Yoghur: örlölöd 2, örlȫ 3
Comments: KW 298, 299 MGCD 548, 549. Mong. > Chag. örük etc. 'foot hobbles' (VEWT 375). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *urē-
Meaning: 1 to be similar, resemble 2 similar
Russian meaning: 1 быть похожим, напоминать 2 похожий
Evenki: urē- 1
Even: urēč 2
Orok: urexe 2
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-ork,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 208
Proto: *jOrtV
English meaning: friend, comrade
German meaning: Freund, Kamerad
Udmurt (Votyak): jurt- (S K) 'helfen, stützen', jurttị̑- (G) 'helfen' ?
Komi (Zyrian): jort (I P PO) 'Kamerad, Gefährte; Gatte' ( > Mansi jort, jurt 'Genosse, Kamerad'), jortaś- (I), jorta.ś- (P) 'sich verbinden, sich paaren, heiraten' ( > Mansi jortǝś-) ?
Nenets (Yurak): jūrū (O) 'Freund'
Enets (Yen): íðu (Ch.), júru (B)
Nganasan (Tawgi): ńiruŋ
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *jor-
Russian meaning: два
English meaning: two
Georgian: or-
Megrel: žir-, žǝr-
Svan: jor-, jerb-
Laz: žur-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 149, EWK 267-268.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : JVRV
Meaning : two, pair
Notes : A specifically Nostr. isogloss.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-notes,
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