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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *mòl-
Meaning : 1 breast 2 waist
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *mUl-ai
Meaning : breast, teat
Tamil : mulai
Tamil meaning : woman's breast, teat
Malayalam : mula
Malayalam meaning : woman's breast, teat, udder
Kannada : mole
Kannada meaning : female breast, dug of an animal
Kodagu : mole
Kodagu meaning : breast
Tulu : mirè
Tulu meaning : breast, nipple or teat of any animal
Number in DED : 4985
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *molä
Meaning : breast
Kota : mel
Toda : mɨs_ "nipple, teat, breast, udder"
Additional forms : Also Kota mol breast (in a proverb; < Badaga), pointed end of anvil; Toda mɨl breast (TS, p. 878)
Notes : Kota mol may not necessarily be a Badaga borrowing, but a dialectal variant (a usual situation for stems like *CoCä).
Number in DED : 4985
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *mol-a
Meaning : waist, middle
Telugu : mola
Additional forms : Also ? [1] malugu, [2] malumu small of the back above the loins
Number in DED : 4986
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mul-k-
Meaning : waist
Kolami : mulke "(P) back"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : mulke
Naikri : mulke
Parji : mulka būla, mul būla "backbone"
Additional forms : Also Naikri mulkene ḍā̃ḍ backbone
Number in DED : 4986
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mol-
Meaning : waist; back
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *mol-k-
Meaning : back
Maria Gondi (Lind) : molkī
Number in DED : 4986
Number in CVOTGD : 2995
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : mola
Meaning: waist
Number in DED : 4986
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : mu-x
Meaning : waist, loins
Number in DED : 4986
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *mälgi
Meaning: breast, udder
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(a)melǝg'-
Meaning: to milk
Tokharian: A malke, B malkwer 'milk', A mālk- 'to milk' (Adams 442)
Old Greek: amélgō `melken', amolgǟ́ 'milking'; amolgéu̯-s `Milcheimer', ámelksi-s f. `das Melken'
Latin: mulgeō, -ēre, mulsī, mulctum (ēmulsus, mulsūra) `melken', mulctra f. `Melkkübel'
Celtic: *melg-, *mlg-, *mlgti- > OIr bligim `ich melke', pf. do-om-malg `mulxi', mlegun `dfas Melken', melg n- (es-St.) `Milch', gen. bō-milge `der Kuhmilch', mlicht, blicht `Milch'; Cymr blith `lactans, lacpraebens'
Russ. meaning: доить
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: моло́зиво,
Near etymology: укр. моло́зиво, блр. маладзíва (дз -- под влиянием польск.), словен. mlė́zivо ср. р., mlė́zivа ж., чеш. mlezivo, слвц. mledzivo, польск. mɫodziwo (от mɫоdу), праслав. *melzivo, связанное чередованием гласных с сербохорв. мла̑з "количество молока, выдаиваемое за один раз", а также др.-русск. мълзу, мълсти "пахтать масло", русск.-цслав. мълзу, млѣсти "доить", болг. мълзя́ -- то же (Младенов 300), сербохорв. му̏сти, му́зе̑м, словен. móɫzem, mlė́sti, móɫsti "доить, доиться", мор.-слвц. mlzе "сосет (о детях, телятах)".
Further etymology: Родственно лит. mélžu, mìlžau, mìlžti "доить", литер. лит. mélžiu, mélžiau, mélžti, итер. málžyti, греч. ἀμέλγω "дою", д.-в.-н. milchu, ирл. bligim "дою", алб. mjel -- то же (*melǵō), лат. mulgeō, тохар. malk-, mälk- "доить(ся)" (Ройтер, JSFOu 47, 7, 9; 12), др.-инд. mr̥játi, mā́rṣṭi, mārjati "стирает, чистит", авест. marǝzaiti "стирает". Этот глаг. был первонач. атематическим; см. Мейе, МSL 17, 60 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 178; Шарпантье, Symbolae Danielsson 17; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 229; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 43, 124; Клюге-Гётце 386; Янко, WuS 1, 102.
Pages: 2,644-645
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *mel̂ǯ-/*mil̂ǯ- (*melǯ-a-, -ja-) vb. tr., *mal̂ǯ-ī̂- vb.
Meaning: milk (vb.)
Lithuanian: mélžti (mélžia, -žē), mìlžti (mélža/mélžia, mìlžō) `melken', intens. málžīti; mil̃ži-s 'Melkung, beim Melken gewonnene Milch, Milchertrag'; melžtuvē̃, milžtuvē̃ 'Melkkübel, Melknapf'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *miluk-, *milik- ; *milkan-, *milukian-, *milxtō, *milktra-, *mulk=
Meaning: milk, melk
Gothic: miluk-s f. (cons) `milk'
Old Norse: mjolka wk. `melken, milchen'; pl. mjaltir f. `Molken'; { mjaltr `milchgebend' }; molkawk. `melken', mülkja wk. `saugen'; mjolk f. `Milch'
Norwegian: mjölk, mjolk, melk; mjölka, mjolka vb.; mjelte, mjölter; mülkja vb.
Old Swedish: molka vb., OGutn mulka vb.
Swedish: mjölk; mjölka vb.
Old Danish: molke vb.
Danish: melk; melke vb.
Old English: melcan st. `melken', meolcian `melken'; molcen `geronnene Milch'; meol(o)c `Milch'
English: milk
Old Frisian: melok; melka vb.; molken `Dickmilch'
Old Saxon: miluk; molken
Middle Dutch: melc; melken `melk geven'; molken `Dickmilch'
Dutch: melk f., m.; melken st.
Middle Low German: melk, melik; melken; molken `Dickmilch'
Old High German: melkan (9.Jh.) st. `melken'; chu-melktra `Melkkübel'; miluh (8.Jh.) `Milch'
Middle High German: milich, milch st. f. 'milch'; mëlchen, mëlken st. tr. 'melken', intr. 'milch geben'; molchen, molken, mulchen, mulken st. n. `Milch und was aus ihr hergestellt wird, Käse, Butter, Käsewasser'
German: Milch f.; melken; Molke f., Molken m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1267
Root: mē̆lĝ- (oder melǝĝ-?)
English meaning: to pluck; to milk
German meaning: `abstreifen, wischen', europ. `melken'
Grammatical comments: Präs. mēlĝ-mi, Pl. melĝ-més, Partiz. Perf. Pass. ml̥ĝ-tó-
Derivatives: molĝo- `Melken'
Material: Ai. mā́ršṭi, mā́rjati, mr̥játi `wischt, reibt ab, reinigt', Partiz. Perf. mr̥ṣṭá-, s-Präs. mr̥kṣáti `streicht, reibt, striegelt', mr̥kṣáyati, mrakṣáyati `bestreicht'; av. marǝzaiti, mǝrǝzaiti `berührt streifend', zastā-maršta- `durch Handschlag (d. i. Berührung der Hände) geschlossen (Vertrag)'; d-Präsens ai. mr̥ḍáti, mr̥ḍáyati `ist gnädig, verzeiht, verschont', av. mǝrǝždā- `verzeihen' (mǝrǝždika-, marždika- `sich erbarmend', n. `Barmherzigkeit'); diese ar. Worte können auch *merĝ- enthalten; nichtpalatalen Guttural zeigt ai. nir-mārgá-ḥ) `Verwischung; Abgestreiftes, Abfall', ni-mr̥gra- `sich anschmiegend', vi-mr̥gvarī f. `reinlich', apāmargáḥ- `Achyranthesaspera' (J. Schmidt KZ. 25, 114); gr. ἀμέλγω `melke', hom. ἐν νυκτὸς ἀμολγῳ̃ `im Augenblick des nächtlichen Melkens'; ἱππημολγός, βουμολγός `Roß-, Kuhmelker', ἀμολγεύς, ἀμελκτήρ `Melkkübel';
lat. mulgeō, -ēre, mulsi, mulctus (= ai. mr̥ṣṭá- `abgewischt') `melken' (aus *molĝei̯ō : lit. málžau, málžyti), auch prō-mulgāre legem `ein Gesetz verkünden' (`*hervorziehen'); mulctra `Melkkübel';
mir. bligim `ich melke' (aus *mligim), Perf. do-om-malg `mulxi', mlegun `das Melken', melg n. (es-St.) `Milch', Gen. bō-milge `der Kuhmilch', mlicht, blicht `Milch' (*ml̥g-tu-s); daneben bō-mlacht (aus *bō-mlicht `Kuhmilch'): air. *to-in-uss-mlig- `prōmulgāre'; Kausativ mir. bluigid `melkt, erpreßt'; cymr. blith m. `Milch; milchgebend' (*ml̥ĝ-ti-); gallorom. *bligicāre `melken';
alb. miel, mil `melke' (*melĝ-);
ahd. milchu, melchan, ags. melcan `melken' (st. V.; dagegen ags. meolcian, aisl. mjolka Denominative von *meluk- `Milch' s. unten), ahd. chumelktra `Melkkübel' (vielleicht dem lat. mulctra nachgebildet), anord. mjaltr `milchgebend' (*melkta-); mit Tiefstufe ags. molcen, mhd. molchen, molken `dicke Milch', nhd. Molken, und aisl. schw. V. molka `melken', mylkja `säugen';
wegen des zweiten Vokals strittig ist die ursprüngliche Zugehörigkeit von got. miluks, ahd.miluh, ags. meolc, mioluc, aisl. mjǫlk `Milch'; eine i-Erweiterung in ags. milc und nhd. hess.melχ (*mili-k-); nach Specht (Idg. Dekl. 126) ist überhaupt eine zweisilbige Wurzel anzusetzen; aus dem Westgerm. wohl lat. melca f. `Sauermilch';
lit. mélžu, mìlžti, Partiz. mìlžtas (= ai. mr̥ṣṭá-, lat. mulctus) `melken'; Iterat. málžyti; russ.-ksl. mъlzu, mlěsti `melken', slav. *melzivo in slovak. mlė́zivo, russ. molózivo (usw.) `Biestmilch'; mit o-Stufe: serb. mlâz m. `Milchstrahl' beim Melken (der Stoßton von serb. mȕsti = *ml̥z-ti ist von der älteren Dehnstufenform des Inf. mlěsti = lit. mélžti übernommen);
toch. A mālklune `das Melken'; Amalke, В malk-wer `Milch'.
References: WP. II 298 f., WH. I 741 f., II 62 f., 121 f., Trautmann 178, Specht Idg. Dekl. 147 f.;
See also: vgl. auch melk- und merĝ-.
Pages: 722-723
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-grammar,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-seealso,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 533
Proto: *mälke (*mälɣe)
English meaning: breast
German meaning: Brust
Finnish: mälvi 'Vogelbrust, wo das beste Fleisch ist' ?
Estonian: mälv (gen. mälve) 'Vogelbrust' ?
Saam (Lapp): miel'gâ -lg- (N) 'breast, chest (of animal)', miel'ka (L), milk (T) 'Mitte der Brust, Brustbein' ( > Finn. melki 'Brust des Rentiers')
Mordovian: meĺke (E) 'Bauch(seite)', meĺkt́ (ERS) 'легкие', mäLkä (M) 'Brust'
Mari (Cheremis): mel (KB U B) 'Brust'
Udmurt (Votyak): mǝ̑l (K) 'Brust des Menschen od. des Tieres'
Khanty (Ostyak): möɣǝl (V), meɣǝt (DN), mewǝl (O) 'Brust'
Mansi (Vogul): mäwǝ.l (TJ), mɔ̄̈ɣl (KU), maɣl (P), māɣl (So.)
Hungarian: mell (dial. mej, mejj, melly) 'Brust, Busen', mellé (postp.) 'neben, an'
Sammalahti's version: *mälki
Yukaghir parallels: melut 'chest'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,uralet-yuk,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *mulǝ, *mǝluɣ-
Meaning: nipple, breast, to suck breast
Russian meaning: сосок, грудь, сосать грудь
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 197, 202
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *mulǝ, *mǝluɣ-
Meaning: nipple 1, to suck 2
Russian Meaning: сосок груди 1, сосать 2
Sirenik: múɫa 1, mǝɫǝ́χtǝtǝ̄́qǝχtǝ̄́ʁa 2
Chaplino: mulá (ǝt) 1, mǝlúɣaqā/ mǝlúwaqā 2, milúɣnakuŋa* 'to smoke pipe'
Naukan: mǝlú 1
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: mūlǝk (arch.) 1, mǝluɣ- 2, mǝlu[ɣ]aʁ- 'to kiss'
Chugach (AAY): KP mǝluɣ- 2, 'to eat berries of bush'
Central Alaskan Yupik: ǝmulǝk du. 1, mǝluɣ- 3
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 197, 202
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chug,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *mulǝ, *mǝluɣ-
Meaning: nipple 1, breast (of woman) 2, to suck 3, milk 4
Russian meaning: сосок 1, грудь 2, сосать 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: mulik du. 1
SPI Dialects: Imaq mɨlu 1
North Alaskan Inupik: mulu 1, mɨluk du. 1, 2, mɨluk- 3
NAI Dialects: Qaw mǝlu 2, 'udder', 4, Mal, Ingl miluk [Jen.] 3
Western Canadian Inupik: mulik du. 1, miluk du. 2, miluk- 3
WCI Dialects: Sig miluk 2, 4
Eastern Canadian Inupik: mulik du. 1, miluk- 3, millua(q)- 'to suckle'
ECI Dialects: Lab muli 1 [Peck]
Greenlandic Inupik: muli(k) 1, miluɣ-, miɫɫuɣ- 3, miɫɫuaʁ- 'to suck in'
GRI Dialects: NG mulik du. 1, EG mittiva(ʁ̃a)q 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 198, 202
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *maĺ'mɨ
Meaning (Rus.): грудка, брюшко, желудок
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *macbɨ #
Meaning (Rus.): грудь, грудная часть 1, женская грудь 2, брюшко животного 3
Chukchee: máco (macvé-jpǝ abl.) 1, 2
Koryak: macve- 1
Palan: macǝv 1, 3
Alutor: macvi- 1, 3
Comments: Чук. (АБ) macva-ken 'грудной'
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *mǝźǝ-m
Meaning (Rus.): солнечное сплетение, желудок
West Itelmen: mɨzɨm 1, mizim kumisi-zin 2
West Itelmen meaning: stomachus 1, dolor in serabiculo cordis 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): żoɫądek 1, ból pod sercem 2
Comments: Про вторую часть в сложении см. *qumis- (271).
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : MVLKV
Meaning : breast, udder
Afroasiatic : ? *mVl(Vg) (Ar. 'suck', ECush. 'to milk'; ? Eg. 'breast')
Amerind (misc.) : *maliq̇a 'swallow; throat' (R 721) [+ A] Notes : May be a contamination of two roots (cf. also PEC *mVq̇_VɫV 'throat').
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[m]ħĕ́ƛ̣V
Meaning: milk, butter
Comments and references : DCE 13.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nħĕƛ̣_V
Meaning: milk; milk product (butter, cheese)
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The Khin. form obviously belongs here, although the metathesis eng (instead of *neg) is not quite clear; other languages do not allow to reconstruct any root structure except *RVCV. All other forms are completely regular. Abayev (1958, 544) suggests some Caucasian source (connected with Khin. eng) for Osset. inǵɨn 'curds'.
See Trubetzkoy 1922, 241.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *nalχ[o]
Meaning: butter
Chechen: nalχa
Ingush: nalχa
Comments: Obl. base *nalχe- (Chech. nelχa-, Ing. nalχo). For final *-o cf. Chech. Shar. nolχo (but Cheb. nalχa points rather to *-a). 5th class in Chech., 6th class in Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: naḳ
Meaning: milk
Lak form: naḳ
Comments: Cf. Khosr. naḳ id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *niɣ
Meaning: milk
Akusha: niʔ
Chiragh: nig / niɣ
Comments: Cf. also Ur. niʔ, Kub., Tsud. nig id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *näIƛ̣:
Meaning: 1 milk 2 buttermilk
Lezghian: nek 1
Tabasaran: nik: 1
Agul: nek: 1
Rutul: näk 1
Tsakhur: ńak 1
Archi: naIƛ̣: 1
Udi: naq: 2
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. erg. neḳe-di, Rut. Ikhr. nek, obl. neg:i-di-. Most languages reflect only consonantal oblique stems (in *-t:V, *-rV or *-nV; Arch. neIƛ̣:i- is not informative for the PL reconstruction); however, we can reconstruct the PL Ablaut *ä/i, reflected in the Tsakh. paradigm ńak, nik-ne-. In Udi the pure root means 'buttermilk, whey'; the meaning 'milk' is rendered by a compound muč:Ia-naq: (lit. 'sweet whey'). See Бокаpев 1961, 59; Гигинейшвили 1977, 110.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: eng
North Caucasian etymology: 1449
Meaning: cheese
Khinalug form: eng
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *maltáṣ
Meaning: butter
Yasin: maltáṣ
Hunza: maltáṣ
Nagar: maltáṣ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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