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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *penḍ-l-
Meaning : marriage
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *penḍul
Meaning : marriage
Koya Gondi : penḍul
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : penḍul
Number in DED : 4395
Number in CVOTGD : 2330
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : peḍi ki-
Meaning: to marry
Number in DED : 4395
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pVnḍl-
Meaning : married couple
Kui : ponḍri rīnḍi "a married couple"
Kuwi (Israel) : pendili "marriage"
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Isr pendili ā- to attain puberty; Kuwi_Su pelli māŋga bride (māŋga daughter); pelli mir'esi bridegroom (mir'esi son); pelli ā- to be married (all loanwords from Telugu)
Notes : The form pelli is certainly borrowed from Telugu. It is possible that others are as well, so the root may be all borrowed.
Number in DED : 4395
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *peṇ-
Meaning : female
Notes : Apparently, the form has to be reconstructed as both *peṇ- and *peṇ-t- or *peṇ-ṭ-, with a dental/retroflex suffix.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *peṇ-
Meaning : female
Tamil : peṇ
Tamil meaning : woman, daughter, girl, wife, bride, female of animals or plants
Tamil derivates : peṇṭu woman, wife; peṇṭir (pl.) women; peṇṭan_, peṇṭakan_, peṇṭakam hermaphrodite, eunuch; peṇṇan_ effeminate man; peṇmai being born a woman, feminine grace, womanliness, modesty; piṇai female of animals, doe; piṇaval female of the dog, pig, deer, or yak; piṇavu, piṇā id., woman; peṇṇai palmyra palm (cf. peṇ-pan_ai female palmyra palm)
Malayalam : peṇ
Malayalam meaning : a female, esp. a female child, girl, maidservant, bride
Malayalam derivates : peṇṭi girl, woman; peṇṇan effeminate
Kannada : peṇ, peṇṇu, peṇḍa
Kannada meaning : female, woman
Kannada derivates : (Shanmugam) peṇḍir (pl.) women; peṇḍati, peṇḍiti wife; peṇtana state of being a female, feminine character or behaviour; heṇṇiga impotent man, coward; heṇṇuga pimp; heŋgasu female
Kodagu : poṇṇɨ
Kodagu meaning : wife, female
Kodagu derivates : poṇṇāḷɨ woman; poŋga id. (in songs); pommakka women, wives
Tulu : poṇṇu
Tulu meaning : girl, female, maid
Tulu derivates : poṇṇa female, feminine, bridal; poṇjavu, poṇjevu a female in general, a grown-up woman; boḍedi wife; emmaḷu woman
Notes : The root is also present in the form *penḍ- in many of the languages; this derivate obviously goes back to PSDR and probably further.
Number in DED : 4395
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *peṇ
Meaning : woman
Kota : peṇ "female"
Toda : iṇ "woman (in songs; < Badaga)"
Additional forms : Also Kota eṇ woman (< Badaga); pe- id. (pe-mog woman; pe-bīc female cat); peḍ wife
Number in DED : 4395
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *penṭ-
Meaning : the female of any animal or plant
Telugu : peṇṭi
Additional forms : Also [1] peṇḍili, [2] peṇḍli, (modern) peḷḷi, (substandard) pelli marriage; peṇḍlā̆mu wife, spouse, consort
Number in DED : 4395
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *penṭ-
Meaning : female
Kolami : penḍli "marriage"
Kinwat Kolami : penḍlig, penḍlik "marriage"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : penṭī
Naiki : penli "marriage"
Parji : pinḍrul "(pl.) married couple, man and wife"
Kondekor Gadba : peṇṭi "female sheep"
Number in DED : 4395
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗenV
Meaning: small female animal
Comments: In Esk. cf. also *paniɣ 'daughter'.
References: МССНЯ 366; ND 1737 *ṗen̄(i)yV 'small dog, whelp'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`i̯un[e]
Meaning: a small wild animal
Russian meaning: мелкое дикое животное
Comments: A Western isogloss, with not quite secure correspondences: in TM one would rather expect *pun-. Thus it is not excluded that the Evk. and Evn. forms reflect a vowel metathesis < *puni-ki.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *enük ( ~ *ünek)
Meaning: young of a wild animal, puppy
Russian meaning: детеныш дикого животного, щенок
Old Turkic: enük (OUygh.)
Turkish: enik, enǯek
Uzbek: enük (Chag.)
Azerbaidzhan: änix (dial.)
Shor: ünegeš
Oyrat: ünegeš
Chuvash: anǯъk
Yakut: ünüges
Dolgan: ünüges
Tuva: enik
Gagauz: jenik
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-gagx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *hünegen
Meaning: fox
Russian meaning: лиса
Written Mongolian: ünege(n) (L 1008) Middle Mongolian: xunegan (HY 10), h[o]nägǟn (IM), hunägän (MA), hongen (LH) Khalkha: üneg(en)
Buriat: ünege(n)
Kalmuck: üngṇ 'female of a wild animal or bird'
Ordos: ünege
Dongxian: funieɣe
Shary-Yoghur: heneɣen, henegen
Monguor: funige, xunige (SM 108, 183), funǝgǝ monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *püń-
Meaning: 1 jerboa, flying squirrel, mole 2 weasel 3 hedgehog
Russian meaning: 1 пищуха 2 ласка 3 еж
Evenki: hińekī 1
Negidal: xińexī 2
Ulcha: puntulče 3
Nanai: punčilkē 3 ( > Neg. punčulkēn id.)
Comments: ТМС 2, 43, 326. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 753
Proto: *pene
English meaning: dog
German meaning: Hund
Finnish: peni, gen. penin 'Welf', penikka 'Hündchen'
Estonian: peni 'Hund'
Saam (Lapp): bænâ -dnâg- (N), pǟna (L), pi͔e͔nnαi (Ko. Not.), piennαɣ (Kld.), piena̮g (T)
Mordovian: pińe (E), piä (M)
Mari (Cheremis): pi (KB U), pij (B), punị (KB), pǝ̑nǝ̑ (K), punị̑ (G) 'Hund'
Komi (Zyrian): pon (S P), pun (PO)
Hungarian: fene 'wild, gräulich' ?
Sammalahti's version: FP *penä
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *pin-
Russian meaning: собака
English meaning: dog
Megrel: pin-
Notes and references: В МССHЯ 366 сравнивается с урал. *penV 'собака', драв. *peṇ- 'самка'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *puŋ(r)u-
Meaning: dog
Russian meaning: собака
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-inup,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *puŋŋuu-
Meaning: dog
Russian meaning: собака
WCI Dialects: Car Baker Lake puŋŋūq (shaman's word' [Schn.], Cop puŋŋuq, Net puʔŋuq (shaman's word) [Ras.]
ECI Dialects: W. Bay puŋŋūq [Schn.], Igl puŋŋūq [Ras.] (shaman's word)
GRI Dialects: NG punguaq* [Kroeb.], WG pungok*, pungvoak* [Egede]
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 269
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-wcis,inupet-ecis,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVNV
Meaning : female
Amerind (misc.) : *pan 'aunt, mother' (R 11) (cf. also *-win 'female' R 249 [+ A], *wi[ni] 'wife' R 848 [+ A], *win 'person' R 551 (+ K) ) Reference : GE 46 *pan 'woman' (Esk. - IP). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bäŋHV́
Meaning: female
Comments and references : NSC 61 *pEnHV ( ~ b-). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *pijH
Meaning: female
Kachin: (Ben.) wi female affix, šǝwi female.
Lushai: pui female affix.
Comments: Ben. 46. Cf. Naga *pui 'woman'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 牝
Modern (Beijing) reading: pǐn
Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)inʔ
Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ín
Western Han Chinese: b(h)jǝ́n
Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)jǝ́n
Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jín
Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jín
Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jín
Middle Chinese: bjín
English meaning : female animal
Russian meaning[s]: самка животных
Comments: Also read *b(h)ijʔ, MC bjí id. (the form with *-nʔ is probably originally suffixed).
Radical: 93
Four-angle index: 6988
Karlgren code: 0566 i-j
Shijing occurrences: 50.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *bìn
Meaning: cow
Sunwar: bī
Tulung: beno (AS bönö) ox
Kaling: baj (thus in CSDP and EKg; in KgE 'baj)
Comments: Toba 88 *pV.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: pitma
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cow.
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: bhiʔi
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cow
Nepali: gāī
Derivation: [also attested in Sasarkā ]
Comments: e.g. bhiʔi-po su beef; cf. gorum. dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-dercomm,dumet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: pi
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cow
Nepali: gāī.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: pik
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cow.
Nepali: gāī
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *päŋ-
Meaning: female
Ket: haŋgǝ5, haŋg, haŋś, pl. haŋen5
Yug: faŋgɨ5, pl. -n5
Kottish: feŋ, pheŋ
Arin: pinü-kuče (Лоск.) "mare"; pin-bilšaba "bitch"
Comments: ССЕ 247. Werner 1, 300 <*phaŋgǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *behé
Meaning: female (of unedible animals)
Yasin: behé
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,
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