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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tok-
Meaning : bark, rind
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : toko
Meaning: bark, rind
Number in DED : 5339
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tok-
Meaning : bark, rind
Proto-South Dravidian: *tok- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tok- Notes : B&E join this root with *tōl "skin" (explaining the latter as a contraction *tōl < *tok-al), but external evidence speaks in favour of two different roots, and besides, such a contraction is rather hard to justify even on purely Dravidian territory.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tok-
Meaning : skin, bark, rind
Tamil : tokku
Tamil meaning : skin, bark, rind
Malayalam : tokku
Malayalam meaning : skin
Malayalam derivates : tukal skin as of fruit
Kannada : togal, toval
Kannada meaning : skin, hide, leather, skin of fruit
Tulu : tugalụ
Tulu meaning : skin, bark, rind
Notes : Contaminated with *tōl 'skin'.
Number in DED : 3559
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *tokk-
Meaning : skin, bark, rind
Telugu : tokka
Number in DED : 3559
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tok-
Meaning : bark
Salur Gadba : tokkā
Additional forms : Also Salur tokkā rind of fruit.
Number in DED : 5339
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-)
Meaning: bark, cover
Indo-European: *dhweg- ?
Comments: Cf. also Sam. forms (cited in Redei 798): Nen. toʔ (O) 'Decke', tontā- 'bedecken, zudecken', Ngan. t́ụi 'Decke', Selk. tāgada 'bedecken (mit einem Tuch)', Kam. tшjdшl- 'decken, bedecken'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯úgo
Meaning: cover
Russian meaning: покрышка
Comments: KW 413, Лексика 515. In Kor. cf. also thúkú 'helmet'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Tugur
Meaning: 1 a k. of tent 2 tent covering
Russian meaning: 1 вид шатра 2 покрышка шатра
Turkish: turluk (dial.) 2
Middle Turkic: tuɣur 1, tuɣurluq 2 (Pav. C.) Turkmen: durluq 2
Kirghiz: tūrduq 2
Kazakh: tuwɨrluq 2
Karakalpak: tuwɨrluq 2
Comments: Лексика 515. Tur. turluk, Turkm. durluG show irregular reflexation; we may be dealing with some interlingual loans here; the quality of the initial dental in PT is thus not quite clear. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tuɣurga
Meaning: felt walls (covering) of a house
Russian meaning: войлочные стенки юрты
Written Mongolian: tuɣurɣa (L 839) Middle Mongolian: to'urqa, tu'urqa (SH) Khalkha: tūrga
Buriat: tūrga
Kalmuck: tūrɣǝ
Ordos: tūrGa
Comments: KW 413. Mong. > Oyr. tūrɣa. Cf. also WMong. tuɣurma, Kalm. tūrmǝ id. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tüksa
Meaning: house cover made of birch bark
Russian meaning: берестяная покрышка (жилища)
Evenki: tiksa
Even: tịs
Negidal: tịksa
Literary Manchu: tuqsa
Ulcha: tụịqsa
Nanai: tịsa (Kur-Urm.)
Oroch: tuksa
Udighe: tukeä, tukä
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *tù'ǝ́i
Meaning: covering, cover
Russian meaning: покрышка, крышка
Modern Korean: t:uk:ǝŋ
Middle Korean: tù'ǝ́i
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tu-i
Meaning: grass for roof covering
Russian meaning: трава (для крыши)
Old Japanese: ti (tu-)
Tokyo: chi
Comments: JLTT 545. For -u- cf. tu-bana 'flower of the ti grass'. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1073
Proto: *tojV
English meaning: birch bark
German meaning: Birkenrinde
Udmurt (Votyak): tuj (S G), tu̇j (K) 'Birkenrinde', tuji̮s (S M) 'Schachtel von Birkenrinde' ( > Mari U tujǝ̑š, B tüjüs, M tüjüś)
Komi (Zyrian): toj (altsyrj.) 'береста', tů.jis (PO) 'бурак' (altsyrj. *to̯jis > Russ. ту́ес, ту́ис, ту́яс > Finn. dial. tujainen 'kleinere Flasche von Birkenrinde', dial. tujassu, tuijusa, tuijutsa, Saam. Not. tujas, Kld. tùjas, tùi̯jas, T ti̮i̯`s, Mari tujs; Komi or Russ. > Khanty V tujǝs, C tüjǝs, O tujes, Mansi So. tujǝs; Mansi > Nen. O tujos)
Nenets (Yurak): täe 'Birkenrinde; Zeltdecke aus Birkenrinde'
Enets (Yen): tē (c̣ɦ.), te (B) 'Birkenrinde'
Nganasan (Tawgi): t́ie
Selkup: tö́ (Ta.), twé (Ke.), tye (NP), tjye (Čl. OO), tȫ (Tur.)
Kamass: šo ?
Janhunen's version: (119) *tu/oji6
Sammalahti's version: *tu/oji6
Addenda: Koib. тоё 'чашка'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVKV
Meaning : cover
Amerind (misc.) : *teku 'cover' ? (R 152) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *dag-
Meaning: hide
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1775
Proto-Semitic: *dVgVy-
Meaning: 'cover'
Arabic: dgy
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: dgy (ME)
Meaning: 'hide'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *dag-
Meaning: 'hide'
Warji: dagǝ {SkNb]
Kariya: dagǝ
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-wrj,wchet-kry,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *dug-
Meaning: 'cover' 1, 'close' 2
Munjuk: dugi 1 [TMnj]
Musgoy: dùgí 2 [TMlw]
Notes: Cf. a redupl.Mofu -dád ǝg- 'burry' [BMof]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mnj,cchet-mus,cchet-notes,
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