Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *at-

Meaning : female relative

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *āti

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ata

Notes : Vowel length in Gondi is not quite clear, maybe expressive (such a lengthening does happen sometimes in relation terms).

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *āti

Meaning : father's sister

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : ātī

Number in DED : 142

Number in CVOTGD : 127

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ata

Meaning : grandmother

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : ata (atali)

Kuwi (Schulze) : atta "aunt"

Kuwi (Israel) : atu

Number in DED : 142

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *átai

Meaning : female relative (father's sister; grandmother)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ata-

Proto-Telugu : *atta

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ata

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *at-

Notes : The meaning 'father' (somewhat expectable from a root like ata-) is actually present in Tamil and Malayalam, but nowhere else in Dravidian. The archaicness of this meaning in Tamil cannot be excluded; more probable, however, is the idea that in Tamil the word has developed a parallel masculine stem by analogy with *ápa- q. v. (the latter does have 'masculine' meanings outside of Tamil). // Present in 4/6 branches.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ata-

Meaning : father; elder relative

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : attan_

Tamil meaning : father, elder, person of rank or eminence

Tamil derivates : attai, attaicār father's sister, mother-in-law, woman of rank or eminence; attān_ elder sister's husband; father's sister's son, maternal uncle's son when elder, wife's brother when elder; attācci elder brother's wife, husband's sister; attimpēr elder sister's husband; father's sister's husband; atti elder sister; attō excl. of wonder; tattai elder sister

Malayalam : atta

Malayalam meaning : mother, mother's sister

Malayalam derivates : attan father

Kannada : atte, atti

Kannada meaning : mother-in-law

Kannada derivates : sōdar-atte, sōdar-atti father's sister, mother's brother's wife; attike elder sister; attige elder brother's wife

Tulu : attè

Tulu meaning : mother-in-law, aunt

Tulu derivates : attigè elder brother's wife

Notes : Two basic stems can be reconstructed for PSDR: *ata-n 'father' and *ata-i 'father's sister; mother-in-law'. However, the former is not really met outside of the Tamil-Malayalam area.

Number in DED : 0142

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *atta

Meaning : mother-in-law, father's sister, maternal uncle's wife

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : atta

Number in DED : 142

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ata

Meaning : father's sister

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naikri : atiak (pl. -ev)

Naiki : ato bāy

Ollari Gadba : āta

Kondekor Gadba : atta

Notes : The Naikri-Naiki forms are somewhat unclear (what is Naiki bāy?)

Number in DED : 142

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔVṭV

Meaning: elder relative

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *att-

Altaic: *ĕ́t`è

Dravidian: *at-

Eskimo-Aleut: *ata, *ata-ata

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *ata, *atta <PIH *a->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: father

Hittite: atta- c., Lyd. ata- (Tischler 92)

Other Iranian: Osset äda `Vater'

Old Greek: voc. átta `Väterchen'

Slavic: *otьcь, *otьnъ(jь)

Germanic: *áɵ-Vl=; *ṓɵ-Vl=; *ōd-ṓ f.; *att-an- m.

Latin: atta m. `Vater; Kosewort der Kinder dem Vater gegenüber'

Celtic: MIr aite `Pflegevater'

Albanian: at `Vater'

Russ. meaning: отец

References: WP I 44, Buck 103

Vasmer's dictionary :

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *áɵV-l=; *ṓɵV-l=; *ōdṓ; *attēn

Meaning: inheritance, heir; noble

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: { aɵala- in PN (Athalaricus etc.) }; *haim-ōɵli n. (ja) `homestead, landed property inherited in the family'; atta m. (n) `father'

Old Norse: aδal n. `Art, Begabung; Hof, Erbgut, Eigentum; aδili m. `der Führer eines Prozesses'; ōδal n. `(väterliches) Erbgut, Eigentum; Heimat'

Old Swedish: aɵal-

Swedish: odal

Old Danish: athäl-; odel `Erbgut'

Old English: äɵele, eɵele `noble, eminent; famous, singular; noble, vigorous, young'', äɵelo, pl. äɵelu, -o n. `nobility, pre-eminence, origin, family, race, nature, talents, genius'; ēɵel (ǟɵel), gen. ēɵles m., n. `one's own residence or property, inheritance, country, realm, land, dwelling, home', äɵel, -ɵles m., n. `id.'

Old Frisian: ēdila `Urgrossvater'; ethel-; ēthel, ēdel `Erbgut'

Old Saxon: athal-; athali `edle Abkunft'; ethili `adelig, edel'; ōthil `Erbgut, Eigentum, Heimat'

Middle Dutch: adel m.; adel `edel geboren; wettig, echt'

Dutch: adel m.

Middle Low German: ādel m., n. `Art, Begabung, Hof, Erbgut, Eigentum'

Old High German: adal n. (8.Jh.) `edles Geschlecht'; edili `adelig, edel'; uodil `Erbgut, Eigentum, Heimat'; uota eig. "Urgrossmutter"; atto `Vater'

Middle High German: adel st. n., m. 'geschlecht, edlesw geschlecht, edler stand'; atte wk. m. 'vater; der alte'

German: Adel m.; dial. ätte `Vater'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ĕ́t`è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: elder relative

Russian meaning: старший родственник

Turkic: *Ata / *Ete

Mongolian: *ečige

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)eti-

Korean: *àtắ

Japanese: *tǝtǝ, *ti

Comments: Цинциус 1972a, 37-40. Poppe 51, 56, АПиПЯЯ 296, Дыбо 6; a weak attempt of disproving the etymology see in TMN 1, 188. A "nursery" word, represented in all Altaic subgroups. Ramstedt (KW 129) compares the Mong. form with Turk. *eči / *eče 'elder brother', but it is obviously closer related to *ata (Mong. *eči-ge = Turk. *ete-ke / *ata-ka). The form *ete-k`e, reflected in Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus, is probably an archaic diminutive, and Doerfer's (TMN 2, 9) attempt to treat the Turk. form as a compound ata 'Vater' + äkä 'älteres Geschwister' is certainly faulty.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Ata / *Ete

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 father 2 uncle 3 ancestor

Russian meaning: 1 отец 2 дядя 3 предок

Old Turkic: ata 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ata, ataqɨ 1 (MK)

Turkish: ata 3, dial. ede 2

Tatar: ata, eti 1, etkej 2

Middle Turkic: ata (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: ɔta 1

Uighur: ata 1, 3

Sary-Yughur: ata 1

Azerbaidzhan: ata 1

Turkmen: ata 'father's father'

Khakassian: ada 1

Oyrat: ada 1, 3

Tuva: a'da 1

Tofalar: ada 1, 3

Kirghiz: ata 1, 3

Kazakh: ata 1

Noghai: ata 1, 'male'

Bashkir: ata 1, 'male'

Balkar: ata 1

Karaim: ata 3

Karakalpak: ata 3

Kumyk: ata 1

Comments: EDT 40, 48, VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 200-201, TMN 2, 5-6, 9, Лексика 294, 304.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *ečige

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: father

Russian meaning: отец

Written Mongolian: ečige (L 292)

Middle Mongolian: ečige (HY 28, SH), eče (SH), ičigä (MA)

Khalkha: eceg

Buriat: esege

Kalmuck: ecǝgǝ

Ordos: ečige

Dagur: ečig (Тод. Даг. 141) ecihe (MD 139)

Comments: KW 129, TMN 1, 187.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)eti-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 old man 2 father-in-law

Russian meaning: 1 старик 2 тесть, свекор

Evenki: eti-rkēn 1, etkī 2

Even: eti-kēn 1, etki 2

Negidal: eti-xen 1, etkī 2

Solon: etikkē̃ 1

Comments: See ТМС 2, 469 (one should note that many forms listed there, like Man. ečike etc., are later mongolisms, see Doerfer MT 117, Rozycki 66).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *àtắ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: man

Russian meaning: мужчина

Middle Korean: àtắ

Comments: HMCH 212.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tǝtǝ, *ti

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 father 2 uncle

Russian meaning: 1 отец 2 дядя

Old Japanese: ti / titi 1, wo-di 2

Middle Japanese: toto, tìtí 1, wo-di 2

Tokyo: chichí, o-tṓ-san 1, òji 2

Kyoto: chìchí, ò-tṓ-sàn 1, ójí 2

Kagoshima: chichí, o-tō-sán 1, ójì 2

Comments: JLTT 514, 547. Accent reconstruction is difficult because of irregular transformations and reduplications (a nursery word).

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *ata, *ata-ata

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: father

Russian meaning: отец

Proto-Yupik: *ata, *ata-ata

Proto-Inupik: *aata, *ata-ata, *ata-nǝʁ

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 49

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *ata, *ata-ata

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: father 1, owner 2, paternal uncle 3

Russian Meaning: отец 1, хозяин 2, дядя по отцу 3

Sirenik: ata 1, atánǝχ 2, atata 3

Chaplino: atā, áta* 1, atānǝq (ʁǝt) 'head of family', atáta 3

Naukan: atá 1, atánʁ-ilŋúq 'independent', atáta 3

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ata 1, atanǝq (ʁ) 'boss, lord', atāta, atāq 3

Central Alaskan Yupik: ā̆ta 1, atanǝq 2, atāta 3

Nunivak (Peripheral): atti* 3sg. 1

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 49, 50

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *aata, *ạta-ata, *ata-nǝʁ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: father 1, boss, lord 2, grandfather 3

Russian meaning: отец 1, хозяин, господин 2, дед 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: ata 1, ataniq 2, atāta 1

SPI Dialects: Imaq āta 'paternal uncle', W atāta* (āk, ąt) [Jen.] 1

North Alaskan Inupik: atanɨq (ʁ) 2, atāta 3

NAI Dialects: B atātaq* 3 [Jen.], Mal (a)tāta 1, Qaw atātakšaq 'stepfather'

Western Canadian Inupik: ataniq 2

WCI Dialects: Sig atātak 3, Cop atātattiaq 3, Car atātatsiaq 3, Cor atāta* [Jen.] 3

Eastern Canadian Inupik: atāta 1, ataniq 'king'

ECI Dialects: Tar atātatsiaq 'great uncle', Lab atātsiak 3, SB atātatsiaq 3

Greenlandic Inupik: ātak, ātaq (âtaq*) 3, atāta (atâtaq*) 1

GRI Dialects: NG atātak 3, atātaššaq 'stepfather'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 49, 50

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVTV

Meaning : elder male relative, father

Eurasiatic : *ʔVṭV (cf. also *tajV)

Afroasiatic : *tVy- (?) (cf. also *ʔad- ~ *daʔ- )

Sino-Caucasian : NC *dājV

Austric : *tá

Amerind (misc.) : ? *taq 'maternal uncle' (R 804) [+ A]

African (misc.) : Bantu *-tààtá 'father'.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *tVy- (?)

Meaning: father, chief

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Berber: *tVy- 'step-father'

Egyptian: ỉty (OK) 'father, monarch, prince'

Western Chadic: *tata- 'father'

East Chadic: *tV 'big' 1, '(my) father' 2,'father' 3

Notes: Scarce data.

Semitic etymology :

Number: 30

Proto-Semitic: *kumir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'priest'

Akkadian: kumru OA, Mari

Phoenician: kmr

Hebrew: komär

Aramaic: kmr

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *tVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'step-father'

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): tey

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ỉty

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: (OK) 'father, monarch, prince'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *tata-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'father'

Pero: táttà [FrP]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *tV

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'big' 1, '(my) father' 2,'father' 3

Gabri: tā-ta 1 [Luk87]

Migama: yâtā f., táttà m. , táattà pl. 1, *tat-/*tatti- 2 [JJg]

Mubi: tatu LL2 [Alio]

Kajakse: tat- 3 [Alio]

Notes: the word 'father' in some Ch languages can not be used without a poss. pronoun

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *tá

Meaning: father

Proto-Austroasiatic: *ta

Austroasiatic meaning: grandfather

Proto-Austronesian: *tata

Austronesian meaning: elder male relative

Proto-Thai: ta.A mother's father

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ta

Meaning: grandfather

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: ta.A mother's father

Khmer: ta:

Proto-Vietic: RUCL: ta.1

Proto-Monic: OM ta

Proto-Palaungic: *taʔ

Proto-Khmu: *taʔ

References: S-139

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: ta:

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: ta:, ʔta:

Old Khmer Meaning: an elderly man; grand-father

References: P215

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong:

Meaning: maternal grandfather

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Ruc: *ta.1

Ruc (Russian field rec.): ta:.1

Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): ta:.1

Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): ta:.1

Ruc meaning: maternal grandfather

Thavung-So: ta:C.1

Thavung-So meaning: elderly man (addr.t.)

References: NTF29, NVL154

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic:

Meaning: father

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: ta

Old Mon: ta

References: S-139

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *taʔ

Meaning: father's father

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *taʔ

Proto-Plang: *taʔ

Proto-De'ang: *tV

Riang: tâʔ.1

Riang meaning: grandfather

Proto-Angku: *taʔ

Lamet: ta:ʔ.1

Danaw: tA.1 grandfather

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa: *taʔ

Meaning: father's father

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: taʔ

Paraok meaning: father's father

Ava: taʔ

Lawa: taʔ, teʔ

Lawa meaning: father's father

Um: taʔ

Wa (dial.): taʔ.1

Wa (dial.) meaning: father's father

References: D-100: *taʔ; P-189: *taʔ.1

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *taʔ

Meaning: father's father

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: taʔ.1

Bulang meaning: father's father

Konto: taʔ.1

Konto meaning: grandfather

Samtao (Paulsen): taʔ.1

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: grandfather

Samtao (Diffloth): taʔ.T, ʔa-

Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: father's father

References: P-189: *taʔ.1

De'ang etymology :

Proto-De'ang: *tVk

Meaning: father's father

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

De'ang: taʔ ʔɔ:k; WW: tɛ ʔâk

De'ang-1: da

De'ang-2: ta.2

References: WW-320

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *taʔ

Meaning: father's father

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: thaʔ.55, -ʔɔk.13

Gantang: tha.55

U: tha.2

References: WW-320; S-108

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