Gondwan etymology : List with all references

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kaṭ-

Meaning : sharp, severe (pain)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kaṭ-

Konda : kaṭu

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kaṭ-

Proto-Gondi : *kaṭ-

Meaning : spleen

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : kaṭ

Muria Gondi : kaṭ

Maria Gondi : kaṭṭi "gall bladder"

Koya Gondi : kay-kaṭ "bile"

Number in DED : 1148

Number in CVOTGD : 464, 523

Konda : kaṭu

Meaning: sharp (BB)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 1135

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kaṭ-

Meaning : a severe fever

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kaṭi nōmeri

Additional forms : Also Kui kaṭru kāu a species of fruit or berry with a pungent taste; (?) kṛō pungent; kṛō inba to have a pungent smell

Number in DED : 1135

Proto-Dravidian : *kaḍ-

Meaning : 1 bitter; sharp 2 severe, cruel 3 exceeding, great

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kaḍ-

Proto-Telugu : *kaḍ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaḍ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kaṭ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *qaṛG-ā

Brahui : xar-ēn

Notes : Unclear *-ṭ- in Gondwan (an old accented form as opposed to unaccented forms in other dialects?)

Proto-South Dravidian : *kaḍ-

Meaning : intense, acute; to ache; to hasten

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kaṭu (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to throb and pain (as from sting, venomous bite, prick, toothache), ache (as from rheumatism, colic, dysentery, the leg from walking, head from carrying load, arm from writing), be too highly seasoned, pungent, be angry, indignant, wroth, move swiftly; n. bitterness, pungency, poison, astringency; severe, cruel, harsh, extreme

Tamil derivates : kaṭukkam speed; kaṭukken_al being hasty, passionate, peppery; kaṭukaṭu (-pp-, -tt-) to throb (as from the sting of a scorpion), be too highly seasoned, show signs of anger (as by sour looks, harsh words); kaṭukaṭuppu throbbing pain, excessive seasoning, sign of hot temper; kaṭukam pungency; kaṭuku (kaṭuki-) to move fast, blow hard as wind, increase; kaṭutt-ēr_u wasp, hornet; kaṭuppu throbbing pain, aching, wrath, speed; kaṭumai severity, harshness, ferocity, anger, heat, speed; kaṭi speed, swiftness, sharpness, keenness, pungency; kaṭicu asperity; kaṭai (-v-, -nt-) to increase, as the passion of love

Malayalam : kaṭu

Malayalam meaning : pungent, extreme, excessive, fierce, impetuous

Malayalam derivates : kaṭukuka to hasten; kaṭukam pungent; kaṭukka to grow hard, sharp, worse (as pain); kaṭuppam, kaṭuma pungency, harshness, bravery, strength of toddy, vinegar, etc.; kaṭuppu, kaṭukaṭuppu austerity; kaṭi extreme, sharp; kaṭayuka to pain; (Tiyya) kaṭaccilu pain

Kannada : kaḍu, kaṭṭa, kaṭṭu, kaḍi, kaḍadu, kaḍidu

Kannada meaning : intensity, vehemence, impetuosity, swiftness, abundance, greatness; greatly, swiftly

Kannada derivates : kaḍupu, kaḍipu, kaḍuhu, kaḍume force, vehemence, severity

Kodagu : kaḍɨpa

Kodagu meaning : quickness

Tulu : kaḍu

Tulu meaning : pungency, severity, excess; pungent, extreme, severe

Tulu derivates : kaḍdụ severity, rigour, harshness; kaḍpu excessive, beyond limit; kaḍuve hero, courageous man, clever man; kaḍụme pride, vanity, ostentation

Number in DED : 1135

Proto-Telugu : *kaḍ-

Meaning : much, great, exceeding

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kaḍu

Additional forms : Also kaḍīdi id., difficult, hard; kaḍimi valour, bravery; increase; kaṭṭīḍi a cruel, merciless, hard-hearted, or unfeeling man; kaṭṭ-aluka great displeasure or anger

Number in DED : 1135

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaḍ-

Meaning : bitter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : keḍed "(Pat.) severe"

Naikri : kaṛu "bitter, sour"

Number in DED : 1135

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qaṛG-ā

Meaning : bitter, pungent, highly salted, harsh (fig.), changed to bitterness (of feelings)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xaṛxā

Malto : qaṛqe

Additional forms : Also KUR xaṛxnā to affect the palate unpleasantly (as things salted or spiced to excess), be uttered harshly; xaṛxō bile in its vesicle; MLT qāṭare to throb with pain.

Number in DED : 1135

Brahui : xar-ēn

Meaning : bitter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 1135

Eurasiatic: *ḳVdV

Meaning: bitter

Altaic: *k`i̯ằda

Dravidian: *kaḍ-

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ằda

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: itching, pungent

Russian meaning: зудящий, едкий

Tungus-Manchu: *xidar

Korean: *kằráb-

Japanese: *kàjù-

Comments: Martin 234 (Kor.-Jpn.). An Eastern isogloss; cf. perhaps Khalkha xad(an) 'кислица, смородина высочайшая', 'цимбария даурская' (if not < Turk. *Kat- 'berry').

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xidar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bitter, acid, biting

Russian meaning: горький, едкий

Evenki: idari-pču

Even: ịdъrsị

Negidal: ịdasi

Literary Manchu: idarša- 'to feel chest pain'

Ulcha: sịdarsị

Orok: sịdārụlị

Nanai: sịdarsị

Comments: ТМС 1, 297.

Proto-Korean: *kằráb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to itch

Russian meaning: зудеть, чесаться

Modern Korean: karjǝp- (-w-)

Middle Korean: kằráp-, kărjap-, kărjǝp- (-w-)

Comments: Liu 3, 4, KED 11

Proto-Japanese: *kàjù-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: itching

Russian meaning: зудеть, зудящий

Old Japanese: kaju-

Middle Japanese: kàjù-

Tokyo: kayú-

Kyoto: káyù-

Kagoshima: kayú-

Comments: JLTT 831.

Gondwan etymology :

Gondi etymology :

Konda etymology :

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Dravidian etymology :

South Dravidian etymology :

Telugu etymology :

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

North Dravidian etymology :

Brahui etymology :

Nostratic etymology :

Altaic etymology :

Tungus etymology :

Korean etymology :

Japanese etymology :