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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ked_-
Meaning : to close, shut
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ges- Notes : The word had a causative conjugation in PGn (probably with the suffix *-p-). Hence the loss of voice in Gondi, Konda and PPM (all these forms go back to *ked_-p- > *ket_-; in PPM probably a 'metathese of voice': *ked_- > *get_-). The form *ket_-pi 'door' goes back to PGn.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *keh-
Meaning : to shut
Betul Gondi : kehtānā
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kahtānā
Gommu Gondi : keh-
Muria Gondi : kah-, keh- "to shut, fasten up, secure (a bund)"
Maria Gondi : keʔ-mar̨ "mat-door"
Koya Gondi : keh- "to shut, dam (stream)"
Yeotmal Gondi : keh-
Adilabad Gondi : keh-
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ph caus. kahcahtānā; Gondi_Ko (T) gebb- to gag
Number in DED : 1980
Number in CVOTGD : 852
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : keR- (-t-)
Meaning: to close, shut (as a door, box, etc.), build a wall (as enclosure)
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : keRpi "door"
Number in DED : 1980
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ges-
Meaning : to close
Pengo : geh- (gest-)
Manda : geh- (-t-) "to shut"
Additional Forms : Also Pengo gespi door; Manda gehpi door
Number in DED : 1980
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-addition,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *keR-
Meaning : to fence; to connect
Kui : gebga (<geg-b-; gegd-) "to be connected with (by ties of friendship, love, common cause), associate with, be united, reconciled, live together as husband and wife, have faith in, believe; set side by side, intertwine bamboos so as to build a fence; n. act of associating with, being connected with or having faith in, faith"
Tekriya Kuwi : ker- "to fence"
Kuwi (Israel) : ker- "to fence"
Notes : In Kui initial k- assimilated to -g- < *-R-.
Number in DED : 1980
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_t,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ked_-
Meaning : to close, shut
dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ker_-
Meaning : to close, shut
Tamil : cer_i (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to be thick (as foliage, hair), crowded, be in close union, be tight (as bangles), be controlled, keep within bounds
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to join together, tighten, shut, close, block up, secure, store up, pack closely; cer_i, cer_ivu denseness, abundance, union, self-restraint; cer_u (cer_uv-, cer_r_-) to control (as the senses), hinder, prevent, overcome; (-pp-, -tt-) to suppress, subdue, resist, prevent, prevent the passage (as of water), overcome; n. tank, field, garden plot; cer_uppu restriction; cer_uvu field; cir_ai (-pp-, -tt-) to restrain, imprison, dam up; n. guard, confinement, prison, captivity; dam, bank, tank, boundary; cir_aivan_ captive, slave; cer_r_ai thicket, crowd
Malayalam : cer_iyuka
Malayalam meaning : to be thronged
Malayalam derivates : cer_ukkuka to dam up, enclose, oppose, prevent; cir_a enclosure, dam, limit, tank, reservoir
Kannada : kir_ (kett-)
Kannada meaning : to confine, close, shut, block up, make a fence, cover
Kannada derivates : ker_e tank; gir_aku state of being strait (as a gate), of being firmly fixed (as a door), of being close, pressing (as a crowd); ser_e to contract, confine, harass; n. confinement, bondage, prison
Kodagu : kere
Kodagu meaning : tank
Tulu : kerè, kirè, kedu
Tulu meaning : an artificial tank
Tulu derivates : kidè cowpen, stall; śerè imprisonment, prison, obligation, liability; gediyuni to be rammed, stuffed; gedụŋguni, gedipuni to stuff, push in, ram
Number in DED : 1980
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *ker_-
Meaning : tank; dam
Kota : ker "tank"
Toda : ker_f- (ker_t-) "(water) is dammed, (crowd) gathers; to dam"
Additional forms : Also Kota cer imprisonment; obstruction in labour; girn, grn in a dense crowd (of people gathering); Toda ker_ party, side; ser imprisonment; ked- (kedy-) to be stuck in (spear in tree, stick in hand or foot); to fix in position (waistcloth, sticks at end of ridgepole to hold thatch); ter_ pat_- (pat_y-) to arrest, seize, and confine (in song phrases)
Notes : PN *ser is a borrowing from Tamil (or Telugu). Kota girn either displays expressive voicing or does not belong here at all. The only possible way Toda ked- can belong here is if it goes back to *ker_-ǝnd- (even so, the exact reflexation would not be entirely predictable), but the respective forms are not attested in any other SDR languages.
Number in DED : 1980
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *cer_-
Meaning : prison, imprisonment
Telugu : cer_a
Additional forms : Also cer_a-gonu to seize, capture, carry off by force; [1] cer_uvu, [2] ceruvu artificial lake, tank; (B) kiriyu to be tight
Number in DED : 1980
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ked_-
Meaning : to shut
Kolami : get- (gett-) "to close (door) firmly, lock up"
Parji : kedp- (kedt-) "to shut (door), lock up"
Salur Gadba : keṭ-
Notes : Voiced *-d_- is seen from Parji kedp-; in other cases there has been secondary devoicing due to causative conjugation.
Number in DED : 1980
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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