Gondi etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *veḷ-

Meaning : white

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : veḷ, veṇ

Tamil meaning : white, pure, shining, bright

Tamil derivates : veḷi (-pp-, -tt-) to break (as the day), clear, whiten, become bright; n. purity; veḷiccam light, lamp, clearness; veḷitu that which is white; veḷippu clearness, brightness; veḷir_u (veḷir_i-) to grow white, become pale; n. whiteness, paleness, light, becoming clear; veḷu (-pp-, -tt-) to become white or pale, dawn, become clear or manifest; whiten (tr., as clothes); veḷuvai becoming white; veḷuppu, veḷuveḷuppu whiteness, pallor, bleaching; veḷuveḷu (-pp-, -tt-) to become white, become pale; veḷu-veḷuv-en_al appearing white, looking pale; veḷḷar, veḷḷiyār white men, true, honest men; veḷḷi whiteness, silver, silver coin, star, planet, Venus, Friday; veḷḷitu that which is plain; veḷḷ-en_al becoming white, becoming clear, dawning of day; veḷḷen_a early in the morning; veḷḷai whiteness, silver coin, etc.; veḷḷaiyan_ white-skinned person, European, albino; veṇmai whiteness, brightness; veṇ-kal quartz, white marble; viḷaŋku (viḷaŋki-) to shine, become renowned, be polished, be clear or plain, know; viḷakku (viḷakki-) to make clear, explain, make illustrious, clean, polish, purify; n. lamp, light, lustre, brightening; viḷakkam elucidation, clearness, light, lamp; viḷattu (viḷatti-) to explain; viḷar (-v-, -nt-; -pp-, -tt-) to become pale, whiten; n. whiteness; viḷarppu whiteness; veḷ-viḷar, veḷḷa-viḷar to become very white (as a washed cloth)

Malayalam : veḷi, veḷivu

Malayalam meaning : light, clearness

Malayalam derivates : veḷiccam light; veḷukka to dawn, grow white, be white, be clean or bright; veḷuppu whiteness, brightness, dawn, leprosy; veḷuppikka to whiten, brighten, wash (clothes), polish, clean (rice); veḷuveḷa very white; veḷkka to pale; veḷḷa white colour, white and clean cloth, truth; veḷḷan a true, honest, pure man; veḷḷi silver, Venus, Friday, white speck on the eye; veṇ white, bright; veṇma whiteness, brightness, cleanliness, smoothness; veŋ-kallu quartz, alabaster; viḷaŋŋuka to shine forth, reflect light, show itself clearly, be polished or clean; viḷakkuka to brighten, polish; viḷakkam brightness, polish; viḷakku lamp, light; viḷarkka to be sallow, pale; viḷarppu, viḷarccu paleness, sallowness; viḷarppikka to promote the ripening of fruits; viḷar_uka to become wan

Kannada : beḷ(u), beḷa, beḷ(u)pu, beḷatige, beḷantige, beḷḷage, biḷa, biḷu, biḷi, biḷe, biḷapu, biḷ(u)pu

Kannada meaning : whiteness, brightness

Kannada derivates : beḷa, beḷaku, beḷagu light, lamp; beḷagu to shine, become bright, manifest oneself; cause to shine, kindle (as a lamp), scour, polish; beḷagisu to fill with light, cause to make bright, cause to polish; beḷaguvike shining, causing to shine; beḷar to become white or bright; n. a white or shining white colour; beḷarpu shining white colour; beḷḷi silver, planet Venus; biḷidu that which is white, the colour white; beṇaci quartz, white spar

Kodagu : boḷɨ- (boḷɨp-, boḷɨt-)

Kodagu meaning : to become white

Kodagu derivates : boḷakɨ, boḷica lamp; boḷi light; boḷɨpɨ whiteness; boḷɨtë white; boḷḷi silver; n. pr. of a cow, cow (in songs); boḷḷi mīnɨ morning star; boḷḷige n. pr. of a cow, cow (in songs); boŋge kallɨ a kind of white stone; ? bov pillɨ dry grass, straw

Tulu : boḷụ, bolụ, boḷụŋgarè, bolci, boḷḷarè, boḷḷenti

Tulu meaning : white, bright

Tulu derivates : bolkara whitish; bolcayi pale, wan; boḷaye white man; boḷaccelụ paleness; boḷiruni to become white or clear; boḷeruni to become pale, fade; boḷdu, boldu whiteness, brightness; white, bright; boḷpu light, wick or candle; boḷya light, white, clear; boḷkirụ clearing of the sky; boḷkallụ white stone, quartz, marble, alabaster; boḷḷi star, silver; boḷḷena a white substance, whitish; boḷḷeri a kind of leprosy; buḷakụ brightness; beḷagụ brightness, splendour; beḷaguni to shine, glitter; beḷagāvuni to make shine, polish; biḷi white

Proto-Nilgiri : *veḷ

Notes : Tulu beḷagụ, etc. borrowed from Kannada.

Number in DED : 5496

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *veḷ

Meaning : white

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : veḷ "white, true"

Toda : pöɫ̣

Additional forms : Also Kota veḷṇ honest man; fem. veyḷ; veḷv- (veḷt-) to become pale; veḷv truth; veḷg- (veḷgy-) (country) becomes light before dawn; veḷk- (veḷky-) to clean with water; veḷk lamp; veḷp whiteness, lightness; veyḷ silver, anna, Venus, Friday; Toda pöɫ̣f- (pöɫ̣t-) to be white; pöɫ̣x- (pöɫ̣xy-) to dawn; pöɫ̣k- (pöɫ̣ky-) to make to dawn; pöɫ̣k lamp; pöɫ̣č whiteness, light; pöɫ̣p whiteness, white spot; piḷy silver, ring, anna, Venus, Friday; pöḷkōr_n European (i. e. Englishman, etc.)

Notes : Toda piḷy obviously borrowed from Kannada.

Number in DED : 5496

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *vel-

Meaning : to shine, give light; burn, flame, blaze; n. light, brightness; shining, splendour

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : velũgu

Inscriptional Telugu : beḷagu "lustre"

Additional forms : Also veluka whiteness; velacu to clean; velayu to shine, be splendid, be renowned; velayincu to render bright, brighten, cause to shine; velaru whiteness; [1] velavela, [2] velavelana paleness; velavelani pale, pallid, wan; [1] veli, [2] velidi white; velĩgincu to light; veliyu to fade (as colour), (rain) ceases, (sky) clears; [1] vella, [2] vellani white; [1] vellana, [2] velli, [3] vellika whiteness; veṇḍi silver; [1] beḷãku, [2] beḷuku to shine, gleam, glitter; n. brightness, polish, gleam

Number in DED : 5496

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *veḷ-

Meaning : light, white

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : veleŋ, (Hislop) velang "n. light"

Kinwat Kolami : veluŋ(g) "n. light"

Parji : vil "white"

Ollari Gadba : viled "white"

Poya Gadba : vinḍ- "to become light, be illuminated"

Additional forms : Also Parji vilg-, (S) vili- to be white; vilid light

Number in DED : 5496

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *bil-

Meaning : to shine

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : bilcnā "to shine, glitter, sparkle, be conspicuous"

Malto : bilbilre "to shine brilliantly"

Additional forms : Also KUR bilctaʔānā to polish, cause to shine or glitter; be lightning; bilbilrnā to sparkle, twinkle, scintillate; billī light, that which is a source of light (lamp, candle), flame, mental or moral illumination; belbelrnā to be an albino, have an unusual or morbid whiteness of the skin.

Number in DED : 5496

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *belV

Meaning: shine, glitter

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *bhel- 129; *bhelg- / *bhleg- / *bhleig-sk- ( = Kartv. *berc̣q̇-?) 2115

Altaic: *bĕ̀ló

Uralic: *peĺkkä (ND 204: Os. paɣǝl 'lightning')

Kartvelian: *ber-c̣q̇-

Dravidian: *veḷ- [or to *ŋwVlV]

Comments: Cf. also forms under *ṗaĺV 'burn' and Mong. *büli-ɣen 'warm' (see ND 195 *bil̄V 'warm') - a great deal of confusion. In ND 199 *bal̄[ʕ]V 'blind' the Mong. form is separated and compared with East Cush. and Eg. *balʕ- 'blind' (?), as well as some IE forms (contaminated within *bhlendh-?).

References: МССНЯ 363, ОСНЯ 1, 174-175; ND 199 *bal̄[ʕ]V, 204 *bal̄(i)ka.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *bhalge-, *bhlage- /-e-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to flame

Tokharian: A, B pälk- (PT *pälk-) 'to shine, burn; to see, look at' (Adams 377 f)

Old Indian: bhárga- m., bhárgas- n. 'radiance, splendour'

Old Greek: phlégō, phlegéthō, aor. phléksai̯, p. phlékhthē̂nai̯, pf. p. péphlegmai̯ `entzünden, verbrennen, erleuchten; brennen, flammen, leuchten, glänzen'; phlégma n. `Flamme, Lohe', phlegmonǟ́ `Entzündung, entzündliche Geschwulst, heftige Erregung'; phléksi-s f. = ardor, flammatus (Gloss.); phlégos = tò phlégma Hsch.; phlók-s, gen. phlogós f. `Flamme, brennendes Feuer, Brand', phlogetó-s m. `das Brennen, Hitze', phlogmó-s `Flamme, Glut, Entzündung,

Baltic: ? *blag-n-a- adj.

Germanic: *blak-ō- vb., *blak-ja- vb., *blik-ja- m., *blik-ja- vb.

Latin: flagrāre `brennen, lodern, glühen', flamma f. `Flamme'; OLat fulgō, -ere, Lat fulgeō, -ēre, fulsī `blitzen, schimmern, leuchten', fulgus/fulgur, -uris n. `der leuchtende und einschlagende Blitz', fulmen, -inis n. `Blitz, Blitzschlag'

Other Italic: Osk (Iuveí) Flagiuí `(Iovī) Fulgurātōrī'

Russ. meaning: пылать

References: WP II 214 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *blag-n-a- adj.

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Old Lithuanian: blagna- (Bretkun) 'ungeeignet, schlecht, böse'

Lithuanian: blágnīti-s `ernüchtert werden, sich aufheitern'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *blakōn-, *blakjan- vb., *blikja-z, *blikjan- vb.

Meaning: shine, flame

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: bläcern, blacern `Leuchter'

Old Frisian: blesza `ontbloten'

Middle Dutch: blāken `branden, schitteren, in brand steken', blecken `de schoors afnemen, uitplunderen'

Dutch: blaken `flammen, glühen'; dial. blec `land dat even boven het water uitkomt'

Middle Low German: blāken `branden'; blēken

Low German: blāken

Old High German: blecken (8.Jh.) `schitteren'

Middle High German: blɛcken wk. intr. 'sichtbar werdfen, sich entblössen', tr. 'sehen lassen, zeigen'

German: blecken (die Zähne, die Zunge b.); blaken (< LG)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *bĕ̀ló

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pale

Russian meaning: бледный

Mongolian: *balaj

Tungus-Manchu: *beli

Korean: *pằrk-

Japanese: *pàrá-

Comments: Martin 227 (Kor.-Jpn.). Jpn. has an irregular p-.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *balaj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: blind; dark

Russian meaning: слепой; темный

Written Mongolian: balaj (L 78)

Middle Mongolian: balāi̯ (Lig.VMI)

Khalkha: balaj, balar

Buriat: balaj, balar

Kalmuck: balǟ, balr

Ordos: balǟ 'stupide'

Dagur: baliǝ 'vague, indistinct' (MGCD 134), baliē 'blind' (MD)

Comments: KW 30, 31. Mong. > Evk. bali etc. (ТМС 1, 70, ), see Poppe 1972, 100, Doerfer MT 19, Rozycki 24 ( > Dolg. bali, balī, see Stachowski 51); > Yak., Dolg. balaj, see Kaɫ. MEJ 40, Stachowski ibid.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *beli

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pale 2 to whiten

Russian meaning: 1 бледный 2 белить

Evenki: beli 1

Negidal: belki- 2

Oroch: bēli 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 123-124.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pằrk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bright

Russian meaning: светлый

Modern Korean: pak- [palk-]

Middle Korean: pằrk-

Comments: Nam 247, KED 732.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pàrá-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to clear up (of sky, weather)

Russian meaning: проясняться (о небе, погоде)

Old Japanese: para-

Middle Japanese: fàrá-

Tokyo: haré-

Kyoto: hàrè-

Kagoshima: hàrè-

Comments: JLTT 685.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1498

Proto: *peĺkkä ?

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: clean

German meaning: rein, sauber

Finnish: pelkkä 'lauter, bloß, nackt, bar; rein' ( > Kar. pelkkä) ?

Mari (Cheremis): pelkǝ (JU), pelke (U) 'einschmeichelnd, zutulich (JU), gutartig, gutmütig, bieder (U)' ?

Komi (Zyrian): peĺk (S V) 'behend, gewandt, rein, sauber, reinlich, hübsch, nett' ?

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *berc̣q̇ / brc̣q̇-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: блестеть

English meaning: to glitter

Georgian: brc̣q̇-in

Georgian meaning (Rus.): блестеть, naberc̣q̇al- 'искра'

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to glitter, naberc̣q̇al- 'spark'

Megrel: rc̣ḳin

Svan: berc̣q̇ ( < Georgian?)

Laz: ṗinc̣ḳ-, ṗic̣ḳ-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 50, EWK 51-52. Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 174-175) возводит картвельский корень к ностр. *balq̇a 'сверкать', предполагая эпентезу *berc̣q̇- < *berq̇- с преобразованием редкого сочетания -rq̇- в более обычное -rc̣q̇-, что довольно сомнительно (сочетание -rq̇- представлено в ПК, ср. напр. *berq̇en- 'дикая груша' и др.). В МССHЯ 362 другое сравнение: с ПИЕ *bherǝḱ- 'пылать, мерцать'; Бомхард 1996, 143 сопоставляет ПИЕ *bherǝǵ- id., являющееся вариантом *bherǝḱ-. Ср., с другой стороны, ПИЕ *bhleik- / *bhleiǵ- 'сверкать' (Walde 2, 211), с вариантами *bhleik-s(k)- и *bhleiǵ-z(g)-.

Gondi etymology :

Gondwan etymology :

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Dravidian etymology :

South Dravidian etymology :

Nilgiri etymology :

Telugu etymology :

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

North Dravidian etymology :

Nostratic etymology :

Indo-European etymology :

Baltic etymology :

Germanic etymology :

Altaic etymology :

Mongolian etymology :

Tungus etymology :

Korean etymology :

Japanese etymology :

Uralic etymology :

Kartvelian etymology :

Long-range etymologies :

Afroasiatic etymology :

Semitic etymology :