Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *kom-

Meaning : branch of tree

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Koya Gondi : koma

Number in DED : 2115

Number in CVOTGD : 912

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kom-

Meaning : branch; horn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kom-

Konda : koma (pl. komeŋ)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kom-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kom-

Konda etymology :

Konda : koma (pl. komeŋ)

Meaning: branch of tree

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda komu (pl. komku) horn

Number in DED : 2115

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kom-

Meaning : horn

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : koma, komo

Manda : kumu

Number in DED : 2115

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kom-

Meaning : branch; horn

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : gopkā "(Mah) branches"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kōma (pl. kōmanga) "branch"

Kuwi (Schulze) : komma "branch"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : komma (pl. -ŋa) "branch"

Parja Kuwi : kommu (pl. komka) "horn"

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Su kommu (pl. komka) horn; Kuwi_F kōmū (pl. kōmka), Kuwi_S kommu horn

Notes : The a-stem (*koma) meant 'branch' in PK; the u-stem (*komu) meant 'horn'. Voiced g- in Kui_Mah is not clear; *kopka would be expected; dialectal peculiarity?

Number in DED : 2115

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kom-

Meaning : branch; horn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *komb-

Proto-Telugu : *komm-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kom

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kom-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *komb-

Meaning : horn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kompu

Tamil meaning : branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk

Tamil derivates : kompan_ tusked or horned animal, clever man (used ironically); koppu branch

Malayalam : kompu

Malayalam meaning : horn, tusk, musical horn, branch, pole, mast, spear

Malayalam derivates : kompan horned, male of cattle; a valiant, arrogant person; kompikka to grow arrogant, angry

Kannada : kombu

Kannada meaning : branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk, root

Kannada derivates : kombe, (Nanj.) kome branch

Kodagu : kombɨ

Kodagu meaning : branch, horn of an animal

Tulu : kombu

Tulu meaning : branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk

Tulu derivates : (B-K) kombe a buck deer; kombelụ a horn used by a toddy-tapper

Proto-Nilgiri : *kob

Number in DED : 2115

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *kob

Meaning : branch, horn

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : kob "branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk"

Toda : kub "horn blown by Kota musician"

Additional forms : Also Kota kombn man who thinks well of himself, boastful man; fem. komby

Notes : Kota forms with -mb- may be borrowed from Tamil.

Number in DED : 2115

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *komm-

Meaning : horn, musical horn, tusk

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kommu

Additional forms : Also komma branch

Number in DED : 2115

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kom

Meaning : branch, horn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : kom "branch of tree, horn"

Naikri : komm "horn"

Salur Gadba : kommu "horn"

Number in DED : 2115

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVmbV

Meaning: tooth, sharp edge

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ǵebh- (+*ǵembh- 315)

Altaic: *k`èmá

Kartvelian: *ḳb-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qĕphǝ-

Comments: For PIE cf. also PA *kĕ̀ma 'gnaw, bite' (759)?

References: МССНЯ 346; ND 987 *ḳäbʔV 'to bite' (part. also ND 644, see *kanVbV - a lot of confusion). Cf. PAA *g[a:]m 'molars'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *g'Ap- (-ph-), -b-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: mouth (of animal), crop

Avestan: zafarǝ, zafan- `Mund, Rachen'

Slavic: *zobātī, *zobljǭ; *zobъ

Baltic: *ǯē̂b-ē̂- (1) vb.; *ǯē̃̃b- (ǯē̃b-, *ǯē̃b-ja-) vb.

Germanic: *kif-ja- vb.

Celtic: OIr gop `Schnabel, Mund', Ir gob `Schnabel, Mund'

Russ. meaning: пасть, зоб

References: WP I 570 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *dur̂- (-ja-) vb. tr., etc.

Meaning: stechen

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: dùrti

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *kifjan-

Meaning: gnaw

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old High German: { kiffen 'глодать' }

Middle High German: kifelen, kifen, kifern wk. 'nagen, kauen'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`èmá

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sharp, sharp tool

Russian meaning: острый, острое орудие

Tungus-Manchu: *xemer

Japanese: *kàmá

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xemer

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sharp 2 easy going

Russian meaning: 1 острый 2 легкий, легко идущий

Evenki: emer

Even: emъr

Negidal: emejigdi

Ulcha: xomburu(n) 2

Orok: xemberu 1,2

Nanai: xemberũ 2

Oroch: xemberu 2

Udighe: emei 1, 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 453.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kàmá

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sickle

Russian meaning: серп

Old Japanese: kama

Middle Japanese: kàmá

Tokyo: káma

Kyoto: kàmá

Kagoshima: kamá

Comments: JLTT 435.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳb-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: кусать

English meaning: to bite

Georgian: ḳb-; ḳb-il- 'tooth'

Megrel: ḳib-; ḳib-ir- 'tooth'

Laz: ḳib-; ḳib-ir- 'tooth'

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 106-107, EWK 186-187. Возможно *ḳmb-, ср. туш. ḳm-il- 'зуб'. Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 314) выводит из ностр. *ḳaba / *ḳap`a 'хватать', что сомнительно; скорее ср. ПИЕ *ǵembh- 'протыкать; зуб', ПТМ *xember- 'острый край', драв. *kompu 'рог; клык'.

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qĕphǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): зуб, пенек

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *qep[ʁ]uru

Proto-Itelmen: *k'ǝp ", *pk'i-

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *qep[ʁ]uru (~ ạ)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): пенек, оленний рог, спиленный под корень

Chukchee: qɛ́pʔuru, (АБ) qɛpʔuru-uttǝ-n

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *k'ǝp ", *pk'i-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): зуб

Itelmen: kǝp-kǝp** 1, pk-'in poss. 2

Itelmen meaning: зуб 1, с зубами 2, зубной 3

West Itelmen: kip-kip (kp-in pl.) 1, 'ixp-kin 2

West Itelmen meaning: dens 1, dentatus 2

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ząb 1, mający zęby 2

South Itelmen: kǝp-kǝp (kǝp-ǝd, kip-ud pl.)

South Itelmen meaning (Latin): dens

South Itelmen meaning (Polish): ząb

Number in Volodin 1976: 217

Volodin-Zhukova reference: 336

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVMPV

Meaning : tooth, sharp edge

Eurasiatic : *ḳVmbV

Sino-Caucasian : ST *q(r)ām 'jaw, cheek'; Bur. *qham 'palate, throat' ?

Austric : PAA *g[a:]m molars

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