Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *nāk-

Meaning : to lick

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : nākānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : nākīnā

Muria Gondi : nāk-

Maria Gondi : nāk-

Seoni Gondi : nāk-

Koya Gondi : nāk-

Number in DED : 3570

Number in CVOTGD : 1952

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nāk-

Meaning : to lick

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *nāk-

Konda : nāk- (nākt-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *nǟk-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *nāk-

Konda etymology :

Konda : nāk- (nākt-)

Meaning: to lick

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3570

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *nǟk-

Meaning : to lick

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : nāk- (-t-)

Manda : nēk-

Additional Forms : Also Pengo (B.) nāŋ(g)- (nāŋt-) to lick; Manda intens. nēbga-

Number in DED : 3570

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *nāk-

Meaning : to lick

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : nāka (nāki-) "to lick, lap"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : nākali

Sunkarametta Kuwi : nāk- (-it-)

Kuwi (Israel) : nāk- (-it-) "to lick, lap"

Number in DED : 3570

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *nājk- (?)

Meaning : to lick

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *nak-

Proto-Telugu : *nāk-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *nājk-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nāk-

Notes : The irregular correspondences (vowel length/vowel shortness, occasional -ē- reflexes in distant languages, from Kannada to Parji to Pengo) speak in favour of a j-cluster in the inlaut.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *nak-

Meaning : to lick

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nakku (nakki-)

Tamil meaning : to lick, lap; n. licking

Tamil derivates : nakkal food taken by licking; nakki a destitute person, as one who licks scrapings

Malayalam : nakkuka

Malayalam meaning : to lick

Malayalam derivates : nakki a licker, a beggar

Kannada : nakku, nekku

Kannada meaning : to lick

Kannada derivates : nekkisu to cause to lick

Kodagu : nakk- (nakki-)

Kodagu meaning : to lick

Kodagu derivates : (Shanmugam) nakk licking

Tulu : nakkuni, (B-K also) nekkuni

Tulu meaning : to lick, lap

Tulu derivates : nakkāvuni to cause to lick; nakkele a man who licks, esp. the plate in which food has been served; a greedy man; fem. nakkeldi

Proto-Nilgiri : *nak-

Number in DED : 3570

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *nak-

Meaning : to lick

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : nak- (naky-)

Toda : nok- (noky-)

Number in DED : 3570

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *nāk-

Meaning : to lick

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : nāku

Number in DED : 3570

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *nājk-

Meaning : to lick

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : nāk- (nākt-)

Naikri : nāk-

Parji : nēk-

Ollari Gadba : nāk-

Salur Gadba : nāk-

Number in DED : 3570

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *laḳV

Meaning: lick

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *lak- (Pok. 653)

Altaic: ? Mong. laɣu- (Kh. laga-) 'eat greedily or gluttonously'

Uralic: *lakkV- (Komi lak-, Hung. lak-)

Kartvelian: *loḳ-

Dravidian: *nājk-

Eskimo-Aleut: *nǝʁǝ(v)-

Comments: Cf. also *L[ü]ḳa and PIE *leiǵh-? Very probably more than one root .

References: МССНЯ 346, ОСНЯ 2, 15; ND 1283 *l̄aḳV 'to lick'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *lakʷ-, -gʷ-

Meaning: to lap

Armenian: lakem 'lecke'

Old Greek: láptō, aor. élapsa, pf. lélapha 'lap with the tongue; drink greedily' (Ar.+)

Slavic: *lokātī, *ločītī

Baltic: *lak- (*lak-a-/*lañk-a-) vb., *lak-ā̂- vb.

Russ. meaning: лакать

References: Fraenkel 337 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *lak- (*lak-a-/*lañk-a-) vb., *lak-ā̂- vb.

Meaning: lap

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: làkti (lãka, lãkē) '(flüssige Nahrung) auflecken, leckend fressen, schlappen (von Hunden und Katzen), saufen (vulgär von Menschen)'

Lettish: lakt (lùoku, laku) 'leckend fressen, Dünnes fressen, schlappen, mit der Zunge schlürfen', lakât (-ãju) 'wiederholt lecken'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1115

Root: lak-

English meaning: to lick, lap

German meaning: `schnalzend lecken'

Material: Arm. lakem (aus *kk) `lecken';

    lit. làkti, lett. lakt `leckend fressen';

    ksl. loču, lokati `lecken'.

    Ähnliche Schallnachahmung wie lab-, lap(h)-.

References: WP. II 380.

Pages: 653

PIE database: PIE database

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *loḳ-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: лизать

English meaning: to lick

Georgian: loḳ-

Megrel: loḳ-, loṭḳ-

Svan: lōḳ-

Laz: loḳ-, losḳ-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 121, EWK 221. В ОСНЯ 2, 15 сравнивается с ПИЕ *lak- 'лизать, лакать', урал. *lakka-, драв. *nakk- / *nāk- id. < ностр. *laḳV. С другой стороны, ср. ПЗК *(b)laḳ́(ʷ)a- 'лакать, лизать' (Климов 1969, 293).

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *nǝʁǝ(v)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to eat

Russian meaning: есть

Proto-Yupik: *nǝʁǝ- (-(v)qǝ-, -viɣ)

Proto-Inupik: *nǝʁi- (-v-ka-ʁ), *nǝʁʁǝ-viɣ

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 230, 231

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *nǝʁǝ- (-(v)qǝ-, -viɣ)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to eat 1, feed 2, place to eat 3

Russian Meaning: есть 1, корм 2, место, где едят 3

Sirenik: nǝχtǝ́qǝχtǝ̄ʁá 1, nǝχqáta, naχqáta 2, nǝʁjúqcǝχ 'food', //nǝʁvǝx [Orr]

Chaplino: nǝʁáqā 1, naχqúta (ǝt), nǝχqún 2, nǝʁvík (ɣǝt) 3

Naukan: nǝʁáquq 1, nǝ́χqun 2, nǝ́ʁvik 3

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nǝʁǝxkʷaʁ- 'to feed', nǝʁwik 3

Koniag (AAY): nǝʁǝ- 1

Chugach (Birket-Smith): nǝʁʁiniaχtuq 'to prepare a food'

Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝʁǝ- 1, nǝχqǝ-, nǝʁǝfkaʁ- 'to feed', nǝʁvik 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 230, 231

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nǝʁi- (-v-ka-ʁ), *nǝʁʁǝ-viɣ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to eat 1, table 2, to feed 3

Russian meaning: есть 1, стол 2, кормить 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: niʁi- 1, niʁʁiwik 2, niʁipkaq- 3

SPI Dialects: Imaq nɨʁíɣāɣa 1, nɨʁɨ́vik 2, nɨʁípkāʁɨɣa 3, nɨʁíniq, nɨʁɨ́qšaq 'food'

North Alaskan Inupik: niʁi- 1, niʁʁivik 2, niʁipkaq- 3

Western Canadian Inupik: niʁi- 1, niʁʁivik 2, niʁipkaq- 3 [Lowe]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: niʁi- 1, niʁʁivik 2, niʁijja(q)- 3

Greenlandic Inupik: niʁi- 1, niχχivik 2, niʁi/ukkaʁ- 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 230

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVKV

Meaning : lick

Eurasiatic : *laḳV

Afroasiatic : *lVḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : ST *ƛăk 'lick' + WC *(b)laḳ́(ʷ)a-(!)

Austric : PAA *(lV)ta:k 'tongue'

Amerind (misc.) : *laq̇ʷa 'lick' (R 429) [+ A K] (?? cf. also *tukʷ 'tongue R 771 [+ A])

African (misc.) : Bantu *-dákà 'tongue'.

Reference : МССНЯ 345, ОСНЯ 2, 15.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *lVḳ-

Meaning: lick

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *lVḳ(lVḳ)- 'lick' 1, 'lap' 2

Berber: *lVḳ- 'lick'

Western Chadic: *laḳ- 'eat greedily' 1, 'lick' 2

Central Chadic: *lVk- 'lick'

East Chadic: *li-lik-/*lwa-lwak- 'taste with the tip of the tongue' 1, 'dribble' 2

Beḍauye (Beja): lak- 'lick'

Low East Cushitic: *liḳ-/*loḳ- 'swallow, lap'

Notes: Deverbatives in WCh *lyaḳ- 'tongue' (Geji leka, Tule lyāga, Zul lǝ̀ka) and Agaw *lanḳ- id. (Bil lanḳii, Xmr laḳ, Kwr lanx, Dem lanx, Kem lanx).

Semitic etymology :

Number: 148

Proto-Semitic: *lVḳ(lVḳ)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lick' 1, 'lap' 2

Hebrew: lāḳaḳ 1, 2 (pBib. laḳlaḳ)

Arabic: lḳḳ [-u-] 1, lʕḳ 1

Tigre: läḳläḳa 1

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *lVḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lick'

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ǝllǝɣ

Tawllemmet: ǝllǝɣ

Mzab: allaɣ

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *laḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lick' 1, 'eat greedily' 2

Hausa: láḳè 2

Bokos: lok 1[JgR]

Daffo-Butura: loḳ [JgR]

Notes: Paa lǝkǝn ptobably < *nkn.

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *lVk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lick'

Gaanda: lèk-tè [ChC]

Gabin: lèk-te [ChC]

Boka: lek-te [ChC]

Notes: Cf. Mafa lóékwé 'small amount of bier given to taste' [BMaf]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *li-lik-/*lwa-lwak-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'taste with the tip of the tongue' 1, 'dribble' 2

Bidiya: lòk-ok 2 [JBid]

Mokilko: lél-lìkò 1, lòk-kó-kò 2 [JMkk]

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: lak-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lick'

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *liḳ-/*loḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'swallow, lap'

Somali: liq-

Konso: loq-

Gidole (Dirasha): Gid loq-

Notes: Had liq-ič̣-.

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