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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *veṛ-ci
Meaning : light
Betul Gondi : wērcī "light, esp. dawn"
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : weṛcī
Gommu Gondi : vehc(i)
Muria Gondi : vehc(i)
Maria Gondi (Lind) : versī
Adilabad Gondi : veḍcī "(SR) light"
Number in DED : 5496
Number in CVOTGD : 3316
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *veḷ-
Meaning : white
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kui,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *veḷ-oŋ-
Meaning : white, fair
Kui : lōngi
Kuwi (Schulze) : longi "red"
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_S longinesi the fair one
Notes : In Kui one should expect a short -o-; however, there are not a few examples of PK *-o- > -ō- in Kui before -ng-.
Number in DED : 5496
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *veḷ-
Meaning : white
Proto-North Dravidian : *bil- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *veḷ-
Meaning : white
Tamil : veḷ, veṇ
Tamil meaning : white, pure, shining, bright
Tamil derivates : veḷi (-pp-, -tt-) to break (as the day), clear, whiten, become bright; n. purity; veḷiccam light, lamp, clearness; veḷitu that which is white; veḷippu clearness, brightness; veḷir_u (veḷir_i-) to grow white, become pale; n. whiteness, paleness, light, becoming clear; veḷu (-pp-, -tt-) to become white or pale, dawn, become clear or manifest; whiten (tr., as clothes); veḷuvai becoming white; veḷuppu, veḷuveḷuppu whiteness, pallor, bleaching; veḷuveḷu (-pp-, -tt-) to become white, become pale; veḷu-veḷuv-en_al appearing white, looking pale; veḷḷar, veḷḷiyār white men, true, honest men; veḷḷi whiteness, silver, silver coin, star, planet, Venus, Friday; veḷḷitu that which is plain; veḷḷ-en_al becoming white, becoming clear, dawning of day; veḷḷen_a early in the morning; veḷḷai whiteness, silver coin, etc.; veḷḷaiyan_ white-skinned person, European, albino; veṇmai whiteness, brightness; veṇ-kal quartz, white marble; viḷaŋku (viḷaŋki-) to shine, become renowned, be polished, be clear or plain, know; viḷakku (viḷakki-) to make clear, explain, make illustrious, clean, polish, purify; n. lamp, light, lustre, brightening; viḷakkam elucidation, clearness, light, lamp; viḷattu (viḷatti-) to explain; viḷar (-v-, -nt-; -pp-, -tt-) to become pale, whiten; n. whiteness; viḷarppu whiteness; veḷ-viḷar, veḷḷa-viḷar to become very white (as a washed cloth)
Malayalam : veḷi, veḷivu
Malayalam meaning : light, clearness
Malayalam derivates : veḷiccam light; veḷukka to dawn, grow white, be white, be clean or bright; veḷuppu whiteness, brightness, dawn, leprosy; veḷuppikka to whiten, brighten, wash (clothes), polish, clean (rice); veḷuveḷa very white; veḷkka to pale; veḷḷa white colour, white and clean cloth, truth; veḷḷan a true, honest, pure man; veḷḷi silver, Venus, Friday, white speck on the eye; veṇ white, bright; veṇma whiteness, brightness, cleanliness, smoothness; veŋ-kallu quartz, alabaster; viḷaŋŋuka to shine forth, reflect light, show itself clearly, be polished or clean; viḷakkuka to brighten, polish; viḷakkam brightness, polish; viḷakku lamp, light; viḷarkka to be sallow, pale; viḷarppu, viḷarccu paleness, sallowness; viḷarppikka to promote the ripening of fruits; viḷar_uka to become wan
Kannada : beḷ(u), beḷa, beḷ(u)pu, beḷatige, beḷantige, beḷḷage, biḷa, biḷu, biḷi, biḷe, biḷapu, biḷ(u)pu
Kannada meaning : whiteness, brightness
Kannada derivates : beḷa, beḷaku, beḷagu light, lamp; beḷagu to shine, become bright, manifest oneself; cause to shine, kindle (as a lamp), scour, polish; beḷagisu to fill with light, cause to make bright, cause to polish; beḷaguvike shining, causing to shine; beḷar to become white or bright; n. a white or shining white colour; beḷarpu shining white colour; beḷḷi silver, planet Venus; biḷidu that which is white, the colour white; beṇaci quartz, white spar
Kodagu : boḷɨ- (boḷɨp-, boḷɨt-)
Kodagu meaning : to become white
Kodagu derivates : boḷakɨ, boḷica lamp; boḷi light; boḷɨpɨ whiteness; boḷɨtë white; boḷḷi silver; n. pr. of a cow, cow (in songs); boḷḷi mīnɨ morning star; boḷḷige n. pr. of a cow, cow (in songs); boŋge kallɨ a kind of white stone; ? bov pillɨ dry grass, straw
Tulu : boḷụ, bolụ, boḷụŋgarè, bolci, boḷḷarè, boḷḷenti
Tulu meaning : white, bright
Tulu derivates : bolkara whitish; bolcayi pale, wan; boḷaye white man; boḷaccelụ paleness; boḷiruni to become white or clear; boḷeruni to become pale, fade; boḷdu, boldu whiteness, brightness; white, bright; boḷpu light, wick or candle; boḷya light, white, clear; boḷkirụ clearing of the sky; boḷkallụ white stone, quartz, marble, alabaster; boḷḷi star, silver; boḷḷena a white substance, whitish; boḷḷeri a kind of leprosy; buḷakụ brightness; beḷagụ brightness, splendour; beḷaguni to shine, glitter; beḷagāvuni to make shine, polish; biḷi white
Notes : Tulu beḷagụ, etc. borrowed from Kannada.
Number in DED : 5496
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *veḷ
Meaning : white
Kota : veḷ "white, true"
Toda : pöɫ̣
Additional forms : Also Kota veḷṇ honest man; fem. veyḷ; veḷv- (veḷt-) to become pale; veḷv truth; veḷg- (veḷgy-) (country) becomes light before dawn; veḷk- (veḷky-) to clean with water; veḷk lamp; veḷp whiteness, lightness; veyḷ silver, anna, Venus, Friday; Toda pöɫ̣f- (pöɫ̣t-) to be white; pöɫ̣x- (pöɫ̣xy-) to dawn; pöɫ̣k- (pöɫ̣ky-) to make to dawn; pöɫ̣k lamp; pöɫ̣č whiteness, light; pöɫ̣p whiteness, white spot; piḷy silver, ring, anna, Venus, Friday; pöḷkōr_n European (i. e. Englishman, etc.)
Notes : Toda piḷy obviously borrowed from Kannada.
Number in DED : 5496
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vel-
Meaning : to shine, give light; burn, flame, blaze; n. light, brightness; shining, splendour
Telugu : velũgu
Inscriptional Telugu : beḷagu "lustre"
Additional forms : Also veluka whiteness; velacu to clean; velayu to shine, be splendid, be renowned; velayincu to render bright, brighten, cause to shine; velaru whiteness; [1] velavela, [2] velavelana paleness; velavelani pale, pallid, wan; [1] veli, [2] velidi white; velĩgincu to light; veliyu to fade (as colour), (rain) ceases, (sky) clears; [1] vella, [2] vellani white; [1] vellana, [2] velli, [3] vellika whiteness; veṇḍi silver; [1] beḷãku, [2] beḷuku to shine, gleam, glitter; n. brightness, polish, gleam
Number in DED : 5496
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_inscr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *veḷ-
Meaning : light, white
Kolami : veleŋ, (Hislop) velang "n. light"
Kinwat Kolami : veluŋ(g) "n. light"
Parji : vil "white"
Ollari Gadba : viled "white"
Poya Gadba : vinḍ- "to become light, be illuminated"
Additional forms : Also Parji vilg-, (S) vili- to be white; vilid light
Number in DED : 5496
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-poya,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *bil-
Meaning : to shine
Kurukh : bilcnā "to shine, glitter, sparkle, be conspicuous"
Malto : bilbilre "to shine brilliantly"
Additional forms : Also KUR bilctaʔānā to polish, cause to shine or glitter; be lightning; bilbilrnā to sparkle, twinkle, scintillate; billī light, that which is a source of light (lamp, candle), flame, mental or moral illumination; belbelrnā to be an albino, have an unusual or morbid whiteness of the skin.
Number in DED : 5496
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *belV
Meaning: shine, glitter
Comments: Cf. also forms under *ṗaĺV 'burn' and Mong. *büli-ɣen 'warm' (see ND 195 *bil̄V 'warm') - a great deal of confusion. In ND 199 *bal̄[ʕ]V 'blind' the Mong. form is separated and compared with East Cush. and Eg. *balʕ- 'blind' (?), as well as some IE forms (contaminated within *bhlendh-?).
References: МССНЯ 363, ОСНЯ 1, 174-175; ND 199 *bal̄[ʕ]V, 204 *bal̄(i)ka. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *bhalge-, *bhlage- /-e-
Meaning: to flame
Tokharian: A, B pälk- (PT *pälk-) 'to shine, burn; to see, look at' (Adams 377 f)
Old Indian: bhárga- m., bhárgas- n. 'radiance, splendour'
Old Greek: phlégō, phlegéthō, aor. phléksai̯, p. phlékhthē̂nai̯, pf. p. péphlegmai̯ `entzünden, verbrennen, erleuchten; brennen, flammen, leuchten, glänzen'; phlégma n. `Flamme, Lohe', phlegmonǟ́ `Entzündung, entzündliche Geschwulst, heftige Erregung'; phléksi-s f. = ardor, flammatus (Gloss.); phlégos = tò phlégma Hsch.; phlók-s, gen. phlogós f. `Flamme, brennendes Feuer, Brand', phlogetó-s m. `das Brennen, Hitze', phlogmó-s `Flamme, Glut, Entzündung,
Latin: flagrāre `brennen, lodern, glühen', flamma f. `Flamme'; OLat fulgō, -ere, Lat fulgeō, -ēre, fulsī `blitzen, schimmern, leuchten', fulgus/fulgur, -uris n. `der leuchtende und einschlagende Blitz', fulmen, -inis n. `Blitz, Blitzschlag'
Other Italic: Osk (Iuveí) Flagiuí `(Iovī) Fulgurātōrī'
Russ. meaning: пылать
References: WP II 214 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *blag-n-a- adj.
Old Lithuanian: blagna- (Bretkun) 'ungeeignet, schlecht, böse'
Lithuanian: blágnīti-s `ernüchtert werden, sich aufheitern'
baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *blakōn-, *blakjan- vb., *blikja-z, *blikjan- vb.
Meaning: shine, flame
Old English: bläcern, blacern `Leuchter'
Old Frisian: blesza `ontbloten'
Middle Dutch: blāken `branden, schitteren, in brand steken', blecken `de schoors afnemen, uitplunderen'
Dutch: blaken `flammen, glühen'; dial. blec `land dat even boven het water uitkomt'
Middle Low German: blāken `branden'; blēken
Low German: blāken
Old High German: blecken (8.Jh.) `schitteren'
Middle High German: blɛcken wk. intr. 'sichtbar werdfen, sich entblössen', tr. 'sehen lassen, zeigen'
German: blecken (die Zähne, die Zunge b.); blaken (< LG)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bĕ̀ló
Meaning: pale
Russian meaning: бледный
Comments: Martin 227 (Kor.-Jpn.). Jpn. has an irregular p-. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *balaj
Meaning: blind; dark
Russian meaning: слепой; темный
Written Mongolian: balaj (L 78) Khalkha: balaj, balar
Buriat: balaj, balar
Kalmuck: balǟ, balr
Ordos: balǟ 'stupide'
Dagur: baliǝ 'vague, indistinct' (MGCD 134), baliē 'blind' (MD) Comments: KW 30, 31. Mong. > Evk. bali etc. (ТМС 1, 70, ), see Poppe 1972, 100, Doerfer MT 19, Rozycki 24 ( > Dolg. bali, balī, see Stachowski 51); > Yak., Dolg. balaj, see Kaɫ. MEJ 40, Stachowski ibid. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *beli
Meaning: 1 pale 2 to whiten
Russian meaning: 1 бледный 2 белить
Evenki: beli 1
Negidal: belki- 2
Oroch: bēli 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 123-124. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pằrk-
Meaning: bright
Russian meaning: светлый
Modern Korean: pak- [palk-]
Middle Korean: pằrk-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pàrá-
Meaning: to clear up (of sky, weather)
Russian meaning: проясняться (о небе, погоде)
Old Japanese: para-
Middle Japanese: fàrá-
Tokyo: haré-
Kyoto: hàrè-
Kagoshima: hàrè-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1498
Proto: *peĺkkä ?
English meaning: clean
German meaning: rein, sauber
Finnish: pelkkä 'lauter, bloß, nackt, bar; rein' ( > Kar. pelkkä) ?
Mari (Cheremis): pelkǝ (JU), pelke (U) 'einschmeichelnd, zutulich (JU), gutartig, gutmütig, bieder (U)' ?
Komi (Zyrian): peĺk (S V) 'behend, gewandt, rein, sauber, reinlich, hübsch, nett' ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-mar,uralet-kom,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *berc̣q̇ / brc̣q̇-
Russian meaning: блестеть
English meaning: to glitter
Georgian: brc̣q̇-in
Georgian meaning (Rus.): блестеть, naberc̣q̇al- 'искра'
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to glitter, naberc̣q̇al- 'spark'
Megrel: rc̣ḳin
Svan: berc̣q̇ ( < Georgian?)
Laz: ṗinc̣ḳ-, ṗic̣ḳ-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 50, EWK 51-52. Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 174-175) возводит картвельский корень к ностр. *balq̇a 'сверкать', предполагая эпентезу *berc̣q̇- < *berq̇- с преобразованием редкого сочетания -rq̇- в более обычное -rc̣q̇-, что довольно сомнительно (сочетание -rq̇- представлено в ПК, ср. напр. *berq̇en- 'дикая груша' и др.). В МССHЯ 362 другое сравнение: с ПИЕ *bherǝḱ- 'пылать, мерцать'; Бомхард 1996, 143 сопоставляет ПИЕ *bherǝǵ- id., являющееся вариантом *bherǝḱ-. Ср., с другой стороны, ПИЕ *bhleik- / *bhleiǵ- 'сверкать' (Walde 2, 211), с вариантами *bhleik-s(k)- и *bhleiǵ-z(g)-.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVLV
Meaning : shine, burn (several roots?)
Austric : PAN *balar 'pale, albino', *balaR 'pale, white'
Amerind (misc.) : *pali 'sun, shine' (R 705) [P H C Pa An E MP MG]; *pole 'white' (R 843) [Pa MT E MP] African (misc.) : Bantu *-bád- 'shine'.
Reference : МССНЯ 363; ND 204; in ND 207 (*bäĺ[X]V 'boil, cook' a non-existent Alt. root is compared with Cush. *bll- 'boil' which may also be related somehow); GE *bel (+ NS); Guthrie 17. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *bVlVg- / *bVlVḳ-
Meaning: shine
Notes: See ND 204 (Sem. + Cush., Omot.).
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1729
Proto-Semitic: *bVlug-
Meaning: 'shine' 1, 'dawn' (v.) 2
Hebrew: blg 1
Arabic: blg [-u-] 2
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-ara,
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