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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kal1
Meaning : stone
Naikri : khalbada "stone slab for pounding"
Parji : kel
Ollari Gadba : kanḍ
Salur Gadba : kanḍu (pl. kanḍkil)
Number in DED : 1298
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kal-
Meaning : stone
Proto-South Dravidian: *kal Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kal1 dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kal
Meaning : stone
Tamil : kal (kar_-, kan_-)
Tamil meaning : stone, pebble, boulder, precious stone, milestone
Tamil derivates : kallan_ hard-hearted fellow
Malayalam : kal, kallu
Malayalam meaning : stone, rock, precious stone
Malayalam derivates : kalla glass beads; kallan mason; hard-hearted
Kannada : kal, kalu, kallu
Kannada meaning : stone; hard, stiff state of mind
Kodagu : kallɨ
Kodagu meaning : stone
Tulu : kallụ
Tulu meaning : stone
Number in DED : 1298
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kal
Meaning : stone
Kota : kal "stone, milestone"
Toda : kas_
Additional forms : Also Toda kal milestone, bead; kalɨr round river stone
Notes : Toda kal is most probably borrowed from Tamil and should be deemed secondary anyway.
Number in DED : 1298
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kall-
Meaning : stone
Telugu : kallu (pl. kanḍlu)
Number in DED : 1298
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kal
Meaning : stone
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kal
Meaning : stone
Gommu Gondi : kall(i) (pl. kalku)
Muria Gondi : kal (obl. kad-, pl. kalk)
Maria Gondi : kalu
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kal (obl. kad-, pl. kalk)
Number in DED : 1298
Number in CVOTGD : 585
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : kalu
Meaning: stone
Number in DED : 1298
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kal
Meaning : stone
Pengo : kal (pl. -ku)
Number in DED : 1298
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : xal
Meaning : stone, boulder
Number in DED : 1298
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳElV
Meaning: stone
Comments: [Cf. *ḲaLi]
References: ND 1044 *ḳalʕ[E] 'rock, hill, stone' (with differ. IE + Arab. and Kab.); cf. PNC *q̇wiɫǝ. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *k'al-
Meaning: stone, rock
Old Indian: śilā́ f. `stone, rock, crag'
Armenian: sal, gen. sali `Steinplatte, Amboss'
Russ. meaning: камень
References: WP I 454 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 222
Proto: *kaδ́a (?)
English meaning: mountain
German meaning: Berg
Hungarian: hëgy 'Spitze; Berg' ??
Nenets (Yurak): χoj (O) 'Landrücken, Bergrücken'
Enets (Yen): kûʔeo (Ch.), kuiju (B) 'Landrücken'
Nganasan (Tawgi): koaja 'Bergrücken'
Selkup: k͔ée (Ta.), k͔êê (Ke.) 'hoher Uferabhang, Hügel', qē̮ (Ty.)
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳl-
Russian meaning: скала
English meaning: rock
Georgian: ḳlde
Megrel: ḳirde, ḳǝrde, ḳirda, ḳǝrda
Svan: ḳǝlde, ḳ(il)de-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 113, EWK 205. Если данная основа связана со сван. ḳǝltxi 'высокий', na-ḳlatx-i 'высота', то ср. ПИЕ *kelǝ- 'подниматься, вершина, гора', алт. *k(`)alV 'подниматься' (см. ОСНЯ 1, 334-335, ностр. *ḳaLi).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : stone, rock
Afroasiatic : *kul (~ḳ-) 'stone' (ECh)
Sino-Caucasian : PNC *q̇wiɫǝ
Amerind (misc.) : ? *kʷele 'hard' (R 359); *kela 'stone' (R 693) [+ A] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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