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Konda etymology :
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Konda : kuṛŋi- (-t-)
Meaning: to be hollowed out, (floor) to form pits
Additional forms : Also Konda kuṛk- (-t-) to hollow out, make pits
Number in DED : 1818
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *koṛ-, *koṛ-aɣ-
Meaning : hole, pit
Notes : The second component, seen in PPM and PK, is unclear: the usual suffix is simple *-ɣ-. Cf. such forms as Tamil kuṛ-āy. Konda -u- unclear; maybe due to back articulation of preceding/following velars.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *koṛ-
Meaning : ditch, hole
Gommu Gondi : koṛi "ditch, hole, grave"
Muria Gondi : koṛpanj (pl. koṛpahk) "pit to trap animals"
Maria Gondi : koṛi "ditch, hole, grave"
Number in DED : 1818
Number in CVOTGD : 933, 941
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kṛɔj
Meaning : pit, hole, ditch
Pengo : kṛoy
Manda : kṛay
Number in DED : 1818
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kṛā-ɣu
Meaning : pit, hole
Kui : kṛāu (pl. kṛānga) "pit, hole, cave"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : graiyū (pl. grānga) "hole"
Kuwi (Schulze) : glāyu "a well"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : gṛāyu "hole, pit"
Parja Kuwi : gṛāyu "hole, pit"
Additional forms : Also Kui krōḍu (pl. krōṭka) quiver, tube; krūpa pool, spring, place for washing clothes
Notes : In Kuwi an unexplained voicening.
Number in DED : 1818
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *koẓ-
Meaning : tube, pipe; hole, pit
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *koẓ-[al]-
Meaning : tube; to curl
Tamil : kuẓal
Tamil meaning : any tube-shaped thing, flute, pipe, tubularity, curling hair, woman's hair dressed by coiling and tying up behind in a roll
Tamil derivates : (kuẓalv-, kuẓan_r_-) to curl (intr.); kuẓar_ci curling (as of a woman's hair); kuẓai, kuẓāy tube, pipe; kuẓi pit, hole, hollow, cavity, depression, excavation, pond, well; (-v-, -nt-) to be hollowed out (as a hole, pit, cavity), sink hollow; (-pp-, -tt-) to form pits, hollows, cavities, sink, excavate, inscribe, engrave; kuẓici pot, hub of a wheel; kuẓiŋ-kai palm of the hand; kuẓippu forming pits, a hollow, depression; kuẓivu hollowness; kuẓumpu pit
Malayalam : kuẓal
Malayalam meaning : tube, flute, women's hair tied in a knot
Malayalam derivates : kuẓali woman with fine hair; kuẓa what is hollow, eye of a needle, aperture in the head of an axe or hoe, bone in forearm or foreleg; kuẓi hollow, hole, excavation, pit, grave; kuẓiyuka to become hollow, deepened; kuẓikka to dig a hole, dig out
Kannada : koẓal
Kannada meaning : flute, fife
Kannada derivates : koẓavi, koẓave, koẓāyi, koẓivi tube, blow-pipe (esp. used to blow fires with), tubular stalk; kuẓi, guẓi, kuṇi, guṇi hollow, hole, pit, grave; kuẓi to make a hole, dig; kuṇike a hollow, cavity; (K2) kuḷumpe a hollow place where water accumulates; (Bark.) gumme a deep pond; (Gul.) gumma depth; kōvi tube, flute, gun (< Te.)
Kodagu : koḷa
Kodagu meaning : flute
Tulu : koḷavè, kolavè, kolāyi
Tulu meaning : a hollow tube
Tulu derivates : guri, guḷi hole, pit; (B-K) nelakkuri, nelakkuḷi mortar for pounding rice; kurepini, kurepuni to bore, scrape, excavate, drill; korepini, korepuni to bore; koḷalụ fife; koḷambè a drain; gurumbè anything hollow; gurmpè, gurmbè pond, pool, puddle; gurụmpe puddle, temporary reservoir in a dry field; (B-K) gurumpu a low-lying place where water accumulates; gurkè, (B-K) kurikke, kuḷike, gurike, gurke a close-mouthed big copper vessel used to heat water for bathing, etc.
Number in DED : 1818
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *koṛǝl (?)
Meaning : tube, Kota clarinet, tune of clarinet, curl
Kota : korl, koḷāy
Toda : kwēɫ̣
Additional forms : Also Kota koḷ clarinet; goṛḷ hollow between two sloping hills
Notes : The derivative *koṛ-āj > Kota koḷāy is of PSDR origin. A complex case overall (PN *-ṛ- in a rare context; Toda -wē-, in particular, is an extremely rare reflex); it is unclear whether Kota korl and koḷ are dialectal variants or one of them (or both?) is a borrowing.
Number in DED : 1818
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *koṛ-
Meaning : tube, hole
Telugu : kōlu
Dialectal forms (1) : krōlu (B)
Inscriptional Telugu : kṛocu "to dig"
Additional forms : Also krōvi tube, flute; goyyi, (B also) groyyi pit; (B) groyyu to be formed into a hole or pit; groccu, (K also) kroccu to dig; (Inscr.) kṛōce, kṛocce be engraved; kukki pit, hollow; (VPK) goppu digging out weeds
Number in DED : 1818
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-tel_inscr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kuṛ-ub-
Meaning : pit
Parji : kuṛub (pl. kuṛbul)
Ollari Gadba : kuṛup "a well"
Poya Gadba : kuṛub "hole in the ground, pit"
Number in DED : 1818
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-poya,kogaet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : xurrum
Meaning : grainpit
Number in DED : 1818
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳUrV
Meaning: hole
Dravidian: *koṛ- 'hole, pit'
References: Tyler 27 (U-D)
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *k(ʷ)ert-, *g(ʷ)-
Meaning: den
Old Indian: kartá- m. `hole, cavity', kŕ̥tā f. `abyss', kāṭá- m. `deepness, hole, well', gárta- m. `hollow, hole, cave'
Russ. meaning: нора
References: WP II 573 f
Comments: [Except for gárta-, all very probably < *kert- 'cut']
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kirt-a-
Meaning: den
Lithuanian: { kirta-s `Tierlager' }
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 428
Proto: *kurV
English meaning: cavity, hollow, pass between mountains
German meaning: Vertiefung, vom Wasser ausgegrabener Hohlweg, Pass zwischen zwei Bergabhängen
Finnish: kuri 'enger Paß, Gasse', kuru 'Furche, Vertiefung zwischen Bergen, Bucht'
Estonian: kuru 'Winkel, dunkler Korridor, schmaler Weg zwischen Zäunen, Eingang in den Keller'
Saam (Lapp): gurrâ -r- (N) 'chip, dint, cleft, small mountain gap', kurra (L) 'Schnitt, Kerbe; schmale Senke in einem Hochgebirgsrücken', kurr (T) 'Schlucht'
Komi (Zyrian): guran (S V Le. Pr.) 'Grube, Vertiefung' ?
Khanty (Ostyak): kor (V Trj.) 'Höhlung (in einem Baum), Höhlung, Bett (eines Baches)', jos-χor (O) 'durch den Wald gehauener Weg', wač-kor (V) 'Straße'
Hungarian: horhó, horó, horh, horhos, horog, horgos (dial.), hurhu (altung.) 'tiefer Gebirgsweg, enger Weg zwischen zwei Bergabhängen'
Sammalahti's version: *kuri
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVRLV
Meaning : leaf; reed?
Afroasiatic : Sem. *ħurVll- 'reed' (?)
Austric : PAA *la, SM *ɔla 'leaf' (also *lVr k. of palm)
Reference : ND 833 (Nostr.-Sem.). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣wǝ̆rHV́
Meaning: leaf
Comments and references : BCD 21. [Cf. Drav. *alar 'blossom, flower'?]
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣wɨ̆rʡV
Meaning: leaf
Notes: The PWC form has a frequent labial prefix (*P-). In PA there occurred a lateral assimilation (*r > l after *ƛ̣-); otherwise the correspondences are regular, and the comparison can be considered as quite reliable. See Abdokov 1983, 107 (with a basically correct comparison, but citing also many superfluous forms, not belonging to the present root).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ƛ̣ol(H)i
Meaning: 1 leaf 2 leaves (for tanning)
Avar: ṭa 2
Andian language: ƛ̣oli (Gud.) 1
Akhvakh: ƛ̣ãde 1
Chamalal: al (U.-Gakv.) 1
Tindi: ali 1
Karata: ƛ̣ale 1
Botlikh: ʕali 1
Bagvalal: ḳ́al 1
Godoberi: lali 1
Comments: Av. paradigm A (gen. ṭá-dul). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ṭali, Tl. ṭander, Ratl. ƛ̣ãder (all Akhv. forms except Tseg. go back to a suffixed form *ƛ̣ol-di-r), Kar. Arch. ale, Rach. ƛ̣ale, Chab. ṭala, Tok. alʔi, Cham. Gig. al.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ḳa
Meaning: foliage
Akusha: ḳa-ri
Comments: A plural form from PD *ḳa 'leaf', reflected in Ur., Kub. ḳa.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *rɨƛ̣ʷ- / *ƛ̣ʷɨrɨƛ̣ʷ
Meaning: 1 leaf 2 bud
Lezghian: riq̇I-äj (Khl.) 1
Rutul: q̇uruq̇ 1
Budukh: ḳuruḳ 2
Comment: Rut. and Bud. reflect a reduplicated form (*ƛ̣ʷɨrɨƛ̣ʷ > *ƛ̣uruƛ̣); the Lezg. form has a frequent suffix *-Vj. 3d class in Rut. and Bud.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ṗƛ̣a
Meaning: 1 leaf 2 foliage
Adyghe: ṗč̣́ā-ś 2
Kabardian: ṗṣ́ā-śa 2
Ubykh: ṗć̣a-pá 1
Comments: PAK *ṗč̣á-śa (the second component is not quite clear; without it cf. probably Kab. ṗṣ́i-j 'plane seeds' = "belonging to leaves", see Shagirov 2, 53; despite Abdokov 1983, 107 it is hardly a separate WC root). In Ub. cf. also ṗć̣á-wa 'leaf', ṗć̣ā́-d(ǝ)ʁa 'paper'. The correspondence PAK *č̣́: Ub. ć̣ points unambiguously to PWC *ƛ̣.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛā(k)
Meaning: leaf
Tibetan: lo-ma leaf; la-ma 'a k. of grass'
Burmese: lak-phak, la-phak tea.
Kachin: lǝphra3 dry and fallen leaves.
Comments: Mikir lo; Magari hla; Vayu lo; Chepang lo; Ben. 146.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 蘀
Modern (Beijing) reading: tuò
Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)āk
Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)āk
Western Han Chinese: l̥āk (~ ƛh-)
Eastern Han Chinese: l̥āk
Early Postclassic Chinese: thāk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: thāk
Late Postclassic Chinese: thāk
Middle Chinese: thâk
English meaning : to wither; withered leaves
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0790 r
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *lä(m)
Meaning: leaf
Tulung: -lam in sēlam, selbam ( = K sɔphulem) leaf, paper
Kaling: -lem in sɔphu-lem dry leaf
Kulung: sibo-lou (Toba)
Comments: Toba 92 *sV __m. Cf. also *bhak-läm shoulder blade.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: tɛtla
Grammar: n.
Meaning: leaf
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *lahar̄
Meaning: bramble, creeping thorn
Araban: agar
Bizkaian: lar, (Arratia, Markina, Orozko) laar, (Oñate) naar, (Otxandiano) nar, (Zigoitia) ar
Gipuzkoan: laar
High Navarrese: lar
Low Navarrese: lahar
Salazarese: naar, ñar
Lapurdian: lahar, (Ainhoa) laar
Baztanese: lagar, laar
Zuberoan: nahar
Roncalese: nar, ñar
Comments: Widespread but sporadic dissimilations of *lahar̄ > na(ha)r̄. also to *ahar̄ > agar, ar.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-arb,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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