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Konda etymology :
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Konda : sōru
Meaning: salt
Number in DED : 2674
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sovar-
Meaning : salt
Notes : Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *sovar
Meaning : salt
Betul Gondi : sawwor, sawwar
Maria Gondi : ovor
Koya Gondi : ovor
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : havar
Maria Gondi (Lind) : hovar, ovar
Number in DED : 2674
Number in CVOTGD : 3360
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *svɔ̄r
Meaning : salt
Pengo : hōr "salt (sōr in DED is erroneous; hōr in the index is correct)"
Manda : jār
Number in DED : 2674
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sār-u
Meaning : salt
Kui : sāru
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : hārū
Kuwi (Schulze) : hāru
Sunkarametta Kuwi : hāru
Number in DED : 2674
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *śovar
Meaning : salt
Proto-South Dravidian: *Uvar dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *Uvar
Meaning : saltish, brackish
Tamil : uvar (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to taste saltish, be brackish, taste astringent, dislike, abhor, loathe; n. saltishness, brackishness, salt, brackish soil, fuller's earth, sea, pleasantness
Tamil derivates : uvarppu saltishness, astringency, dislike, aversion; uvari brackish water, urine, sea
Malayalam : uvar
Malayalam meaning : salt taste, brackishness
Malayalam derivates : uvari sea; ōr saltness
Kannada : ogar
Kannada meaning : an astringent taste
Tulu : ubarụ, ubārụ
Tulu meaning : brackishness
Tulu derivates : ugarụ brackish; ogarụ brackishness; salty, brackish; ogaruni to become salty or brackish
Number in DED : 2674
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *ogar-
Meaning : astringent taste; having an astringent taste
Telugu : ogaru
Dialectal forms (1) : vagaru
Number in DED : 2674
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *cwVwVrV
Meaning: salty, sour
Comments: [But for PIE cf. also PA *sū̀re 'sour']. Esk.-Al. *civaʁa 'sorrel'.
References: ND 363 *c̣uyrV 'rot, stink, be spoiled/bitter' compares Kartv. with Alt. *č`ire (see *č̣irV) and FU *ć[uy]rV 'bitter, sour' (which - if it exists - is a better match for Alt. *či̯obeŕV and Drav. *śovar); ND 2113 *SuH/wErV 'sour, seasoned' compares IE *sūr-, Alt. *sūre and the same Ur. *ć[uy]rV. Obviously several roots. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *sūr-
Meaning: sour (milk)
Russ. meaning: кислое (молоко)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: сыро́й,
Near etymology: укр. сири́й, блр. сыры́, др.-русск. сыръ "сырой, влажный", цслав. сыръ ὑγρός, словен. sirọ̑v, ж. -о̣̑vа "сырой, невареный, грубый", чеш. syrý "сырой", в.-луж., н.-луж. sуrу.
Further etymology: Родственно *sуrъ, далее -- лит. sū́ras "соленый", лтш. sũrs "соленый, горький, терпкий", др.-исл. súrr "кислый, неприятный", др.-датск. также "сырой, наполовину сгнивший", шв. sur vеd "сырое дерево", д.-в.-н. sûr "кислый"; см. Траутман, ВSW 293 и сл.; Хольтхаузен, Awn. Wb. 289. Сюда же относят в качестве стар. и.-е. названия Συράκουσαι, ион. Συρήκουσαι мн., производное на -nt- от *Συρακώ -- название болота (Кречмер, "Glotta", 14, 98). Подробнее см. суро́вый. Не является более вероятным, чем изложенное, сопоставление с лит. šiūrùs vė́jas "пронзительный, резкий ветер", šiurkštùs "неровный, шероховатый", šiáurė "север" (Буга, РФВ 67, 245; 75, 148).
Pages: 3,819
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *sū̂r-a- (1) adj., *sū̂r-u- adj., *sūr-ā̂ f., *sū̂r-ia- c.
Meaning: sour (adj.)
Lithuanian: sū́ra- `salzig', sūrù- `salzig, gesalzen', sūrà `Sälzigkeit'; sū́ri-s `(grosser litauischer) Käse, hart und stark gesalzen'
Lettish: sũrs `salzig; bitter, herbe, sauer (= schwer, mühevoll)'
Old Prussian: suris V. 688, sur Grunau 26 `Käse'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *sūra-; *sūriōn/*sūrīn
Meaning: sour, sour milk
Old Norse: sūr-r `sauer, bitter'; sǖra f. `saure Milch'
Norwegian: sur adj.; süra
Swedish: sur adj.; süra
Danish: sur adj.; süre
Old English: sūr `sour'; { sǖring `saure Milch' }
English: sour
Old Saxon: sūr-ōgi `triefäugig'
Middle Dutch: suur
Dutch: zuur
Middle Low German: sūr
Old High German: sūr (8.Jh.) `sauer'; sūrī `Sauerkeit'
Middle High German: sūr, sūwer 'sauer, herbe, scharf, bitter', st. n. 'bitterkeit; übel'; siure, siurde st. f. 'säure, schärfe, bitterkeit; sauerteig'
German: sauer
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1913
Root: sū-ro-, sou-ro-
English meaning: salty, bitter; cheese
German meaning: `sauer, salzig, bitter', zunächst von käsig Gerinnendem, schleimig Nassem; auch in Flußnamen
General comments: Wurzel seu̯(ǝ)-, sou̯(ǝ)- : sū̆-
Material: Aisl. sūrr `sauer, scharf', m. `Sauerteig', mnd. mhd. sūr n. `Bitterkeit'; aisl. sȳra f. `saure Milch', ags. sȳring ds., ahd. sūrī `Säure'; ahd. ags. sūr `sauer', aisl. sūr-eygr, ahd. sūr-ougi, ags. sūr-īege `triefäugig'; vgl. toch. В sūrma `Augenkrankheit'; lit. sū́ras `salzig', lett. sũrs `salzig, bitter', lit. sū́ris m. `Käse', apr. suris ds.;
aksl. syrъ `feucht', russ. syrój `feucht, roh, sauer'; substantiviert aksl. syrъ, russ. syr `Käse';
ablaut. aisl. saurr m. `Schmutz, tier. Same'; abg. surovъ `roh', russ. suróvyj `rauh, roh' (*sou-ro-);
vgl. die FlN kelt. Sūra, nhd. Sauer, Sūr, apr. Sure, lett. Sūr-upe, und den ON Συράκουσαι Pl. `Syrakus' (Sizilien), mit nt-Ableitung zu Συρακώ Name eines Sumpfes.
References: WP. II 513, Trautmann 293 f., Vasmer 3, 49, 58; vielleicht zu seu̯(ǝ)-1 `Saft' (oben S. 912 f.); über `Milch' zu: `geronnene, saure Milch'.
Pages: 1039
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *či̯obeŕV ( ~-i̯abu-)
Meaning: salt; bitter, acid
Russian meaning: соль; горький, кислый
Comments: Владимирцов 258, АПиПЯЯ 13, 19, 49-50, 70, 285, Дыбо 11. Mong. dabu-su regularly < *dabur-su; borrowing in Mong. < Turk. is absolutely improbable, despite Щербак 1997, 160. The Turk.-Mong. parallel is an old etymology (starting with Pelliot 1935, 231) which Doerfer (TMN 2, 510-511) tries in vain to refute. A small problem is the preservation of *-b- (one should rather expect *daɣu(r)-sun in Mong.), which should be probably explained by an old assimilation *či̯obeŕV- > *či̯opeŕV in pre-PM. For Jpn. one has to assume a rather universal semantic change 'bitter' > 'hard, unbearable'. Cf. perhaps also MKor. čùijǝ̀mí 'vinegar dregs'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *dūŕ (~ *-ǖ-)
Meaning: salt
Russian meaning: соль
Old Turkic: tuz (OUygh.)
Turkish: tuz
Tatar: toz
Uzbek: tuz
Uighur: tuz
Sary-Yughur: duz
Azerbaidzhan: duz
Turkmen: dūz
Khakassian: tus
Shor: tus
Oyrat: tus
Halaj: tūz
Chuvash: tъʷvar
Yakut: tūs
Dolgan: tūs
Tuva: dus
Tofalar: tus
Kirghiz: tuz
Kazakh: tu_z
Noghai: tuz
Bashkir: toδ
Balkar: toδ
Gagauz: tuz
Karaim: tuz
Karakalpak: duz
Salar: duz, düź, tuz
Kumyk: duz
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *dabu-su
Meaning: salt
Russian meaning: соль
Written Mongolian: dabusu(n) (L 213) Middle Mongolian: dabusun (HY 24), ṭābuson (IM), dabusun (MA) Khalkha: davs(an)
Buriat: dabha(n)
Kalmuck: dawsṇ
Ordos: dawusu
Dongxian: dansun
Baoan: dabsoŋ
Shary-Yoghur: dābsǝn
Mogol: dabsun, dōpsun; ZM dɔ̄bsun (24-6a) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯujar-
Meaning: bitter, acid
Russian meaning: горький, кислый
Evenki: ǯē̂ri-pču
Even: ǯụịr, ǯụjịr
Negidal: ǯojajị-gdị
Spoken Manchu: ǯ́uš́uxun (431)
Literary Manchu: ǯu-šu-xun
Ulcha: ǯụjụr-sị
Orok: dū.re
Nanai: ǯojor-sị
Oroch: ǯui-si
Udighe: ǯūhi 'sour' (Корм. 235) Solon: ǯiš́il- 'to turn sour'
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *čjǝ̄r-
Meaning: to be salty
Russian meaning: быть соленым
Modern Korean: čǝ̄l- [čjǝ̄l-]
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *túrá-
Meaning: unbearable, hard, bitter
Russian meaning: горький; тяжелый, невыносимый
Old Japanese: tura-
Tokyo: tsùra-
Kyoto: tsúrà-
Kagoshima: tsúra-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1647
Proto: *šOwV
English meaning: to sour
German meaning: sauern, gären
Mari (Cheremis): šua- (KB) 'gären', (B) 'salzig werden, sauer werden'
Udmurt (Votyak): šut- (S) 'gären machen, säuern, malzen'
Komi (Zyrian): šuź- (S), šuʒ́- (P) 'sauer werden, sauern', šu̇ź- (PO) 'sauer werden'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ć̣ar-
Russian meaning: горький
English meaning: bitter
Georgian: m-c̣ar-e
Megrel: č̣or- (in gito-č̣or-ap- "to eliminate bitterness", ḳolo-č̣ura 'bitter gourd')
Notes and references: Кл, EWK 519-520. Ср. ностр.: ПИЕ *sūr- 'кислый', драв. *suvar 'соль, соленый', алт. *čawVŕV 'соль, горький'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVRV
Meaning : sour
Reference : Despite GE 59 *rak Old Ch. *rhāʔ 'coarse, rough (salty as a secondary meaning) < PST *rāH 'coarse, rough' and hardly connected with PAN *qasiRa). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[s]wĭrā
Meaning: sour, sour product
Comments and references : WFR 4, LV B27. Rather: PST *rū `a k. of fermented drink'. [If this is the case, PST should rather = *=ĭc̣wĂr q.v.]
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *swĭrā (~ -ɨ̆-,-ǝ̄)
Meaning: a k. of milk product
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. The semantic development must be explained as (*'milk') > 'sour milk' > 'alcoholic beverage made of milk' (a rather common drink for steppe and mountain cultures).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *šura
Meaning: milk
Chechen: šura
Ingush: šura
Batsbi: šur
Comments: 4th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *sʷVrV
Meaning: alum; leavened dough
Avar: surá
Comments: Av. paradigm B (gen. surá-dul).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *zʷɨrV A
Meaning: an alcoholic beverage (beer)
Tsezi: zeru / zero
Ginukh: zere
Khvarshi: zila (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: zɨlo
Bezhta: suro (Khosh.)
Gunzib: suru (Gunz.)
Comments: PTsKh *zɨRV; PGB *suru.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *śūr
Meaning: sour
Tibetan: skjur sour (? < *g-śur, cf. the Rgyarung form below).
Lushai: thūr be acid, sour, KC *thūr.
Lepcha: čór to be sour, to be acid
Comments: Tsangla tśur; Kanauri sur-, Lepcha tśór; Rgyarung kǝtśyur; Midzhu sal (M), tśuŕ (K); Bahing dzyur. Sh. 52, 181; Ben. 23. Cf. PAA *ʒVr 'sour'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 酸
Modern (Beijing) reading: suān
Preclassic Old Chinese: sōr
Classic Old Chinese: sōn
Western Han Chinese: sōn
Eastern Han Chinese: sōn
Early Postclassic Chinese: sōn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sōn
Late Postclassic Chinese: sōn
Middle Chinese: swân
English meaning : be sour
Russian meaning[s]: 1) кислый; терпкий; прокиснуть; хим. кислота; 2) онемевший; ноющий; ныть, болеть; страдать; страдания; 3) печальный, горестный; скорбный; 4) ревновать; ревность; 5) бедный, скудный, вежл. мой; 6) высокомерный, чванный
Radical: 164
Four-angle index: 6314
Karlgren code: 0468 |e ́
Jianchuan Bai: suã4
Dali Bai: sua4
Bijiang Bai: ?ćã4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1930
Character: 酸
MC description : 山合一平桓心
ZIHUI: 6808 1933
Beijing: suan 11
Jinan: suã 11
Xi'an: suã 11
Taiyuan: suä̃ 1
Hankou: san 11
Chengdu: suan 11
Yangzhou: suõ 11
Suzhou: sö 11
Wenzhou: sö 11
Changsha: sõ 11
Shuangfeng: suã 11
Nanchang: suɔn 11
Meixian: sɔn 11
Guangzhou: syn 11
Xiamen: suan 11 (lit.); sŋ 11
Chaozhou: sɨŋ 11
Fuzhou: souŋ 11
Shanghai: sö 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: son 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *ʒhùr (/ʔc-)
Meaning: sour
Sunwar: gjur-śo (=/ʒur-śo/? or < Tib.?)
Tulung: ʒhür- be sour (also ʒüʒür variety of bitter fruit)
Kaling: ʒharpä (also ʒuʒur)
Comments: Toba 96 *jur.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: syutmaʔ, -syutt-/-syut-/-syuʔl
Grammar: vi.
Meaning: be sour, taste sour, turn sour
Comments: syuttɛi:? Does it taste sour?
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: tsɨrnɨ
Grammar: vi-1 tsɨr
Meaning: be sour, taste sour
Nepali: amilo hunu
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: jujurpa
Grammar: adj.
Meaning: sour
Nepali: amilo.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: si:ma I
Stem: <si:d- ; si:->
Grammar: v.intr.stat.
Meaning: to be sour.
Nepali: amilo hunu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *ʔcVʔra
Meaning: salt, sour
Proto-Austroasiatic: *ʒVr Austroasiatic meaning: sour
Munda parallels: M ʒɔ=ʒɔ acid, sour
Proto-Austronesian: *qasiRa
Austronesian meaning: salt
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-mun,austr-an,austr-anme,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ʒVr
Meaning: sour
Khasi: ʒew sour, grievious
References: Kh 772
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,aaet-khasi,aaet-bib,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: sak
Meaning: to remove the outer covering; to pass off the outer covering
Comments: JP link the word with OK sak to steal
References: JP357
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-comm,kmret-ref,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *cua, ʔ-
Meaning: sour, acid
Vietnamese: chua
Vietnamese meaning: sour, acid
Muong dialect: cuǝ.1
Arem: cU:
Proto-Ruc: *cuǝ.1, ʔ- VN?
Ruc (Russian field rec.): ʔicuɔ.1
Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): ʔico:.1
Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): ʔacuʌ.1
Ruc meaning: sour, acid
Thavung-So: cu:.1
Thavung-So meaning: sour
Notes: cf. 3118
References: NTF45, NVL139
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,vimet-arem,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucl,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-note,vimet-bib,
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