Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *par_n-

Meaning : to fly

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : parn- (parnd-) "to fly, run fast without stopping; become helpless because of sudden fright"

Toda : pōr_- (pōr_y-)

Additional forms : Also Kota paraṇ birds (pair-word in: paky paraṇ); Toda pōt_- (pōt_y-) to teach (young) to fly; ōr_c- (ōr_č-) to throw in air and catch (jackstraws, coins)

Number in DED : 4020

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *pār_-

Meaning : to fly

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : par_a (par_app-, par_ant-)

Tamil meaning : to fly, hover, flutter, move with celerity, hasten, be in a hurry, be greatly agitated, be scattered, dispersed, disappear

Tamil derivates : par_apar_a (-pp-, -tt-) to hasten, hurry; par_ati over-hastiness, over-anxiety; par_appan_ hasty person; par_appu flying, haste, anxiety; par_appai, par_al bird; par_avai bird, wing, feather, bee; par_i (-v-, -nt-) to run away (as a horse), flow out quickly, be displaced suddenly, give way, fly off (as steam), be discharged (as an arrow); par_ai flying, wing, feather, bird; pār_u (pār_i-) to run, flee, be scattered, give way, be in disorder, cross over; n. hawk, kite, falcon, eagle; ruin; pār_al heavy shower; bull (cf. meaning of Ka. vb. pār_u)

Malayalam : par_akka

Malayalam meaning : to fly, flee

Malayalam derivates : par_a, par_ava bird; par_appu, pār_u flight; pār_uka to fly, flutter, drizzle, spread, unfold (as wings); pār_al flight, drizzling rain; pār_r_uka to let fly, scatter about

Kannada : par_i, par_u

Kannada meaning : flying, running swiftly

Kannada derivates : par_isu to cause oneself to run; par_ame the large black bee; pār_ (pārd-), pār_u (pār_i-) to leap up, run, jump, fly, palpitate, cross by jumping (as a stream), copulate (as a bull); pār_isu, hār_isu, ār_isu to cause to jump, etc.; pār_u running, flying; pār_um-baṇi flying drop, drizzling rain

Kodagu : pār- (pāri-)

Kodagu meaning : to fly, leap, (flag) waves

Kodagu derivates : pāram-bekkɨ flying squirrel; pāt- (pāti-) to winnow (to remove light grains, dust, straw, etc.)

Tulu : pāruni

Tulu meaning : to run, fly, escape

Tulu derivates : pārele runner, fugitive; pārāṭa running, a race; pārāvuni to cause to run, drive; pārupaṇi drizzling rain; ? rāpuni, rāvuni to fly (with aphaeresis)

Proto-Nilgiri : *par_n-

Notes : Kota parn- probably formed by analogy with the past stem parnd-.

Number in DED : 4020

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pād_-

Meaning : to fly

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *pār_-

Proto-Telugu : *par_-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pad_-

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *par_-

Meaning : to run away, flee, (K also) flow; cause to flee

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : par_acu

Additional forms : Also par_apu to send away, cause to flee; shoot, discharge; [1] par_ata, [2] par_ati, [3] par_ada, [4] par_ava a flood; par_ika a kind of bird; pār_u to run, flow; (K also) fly; pār_ãdōlu to drive away, chase away

Number in DED : 4020

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pad_-

Meaning : to fly

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *paRi-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *paRi-

Meaning : to fly (of birds)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : parītānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : porītānā

Gommu Gondi : pari-

Muria Gondi : parrī-

Maria Gondi : par̨i-

Seoni Gondi : pari-

Koya Gondi : pari-

Yeotmal Gondi : pari-

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : pharhānā

Adilabad Gondi : pari-

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu caus. parrih-; Gondi_Tr parēnḍlī, parānḍlī, pharāngul flying squirrel; park jiānā to overflow banks (of a river)

Number in DED : 4020

Number in CVOTGD : 2136

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗeṭV

Meaning: to fall, (down)

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *pet-, *ped- (+ 1985)

Altaic: *p`et`a (cf. also *p`ḗta 1756, *p`ắt`à(-kV) 1719)

Uralic: ObU *pät(t)V- 'fall' (if kept separate from *pitV 'hold')

Dravidian: *paḍ- (+ *pād_- 1149)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *pet 'bottom'

Comments: [Cf. also PA *p`ā̀t`à 'strike, hit', PK *petk- 779; Drav. *pàḍ- 'battle, army'; see notes to *pVltV].

References: ОСНЯ 3, 84-88 (2 roots?); ND 1822 *ṗätV 'to fall', 1823 *ṗEtV 'to pass, go out'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *peto-, *ptō-; *pAd- / *ped-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to fall

Old Indian: 1) OInd pátati `to fall, sink' 2) OInd padyate `to fall, fall down, perish'

Avestan: inf. ačapastōiš ` hinabzufallen'; tāta- (*ptāta-) `fallend (vom Regen)'; 2) paiδyeiti `bewegt sich nach abwärts, gerät herab, hinein, hinzu, legt sich nieder'

Old Greek: pī́ptō, pitnō̂ (Hdn.), ft. ep., ion. peséomai̯, att. pesọ̄̂mai̯, aor. dor., aeol. petẹ̄̂n, épeton, pesẹ̄̂n, épeson, peson; pf. péptōka, ptc. pepteō̂tas, pept[ē]ṓs `fallen, herabfallen, hinsinken, ausfallen'; a-ptṓs (Pind.), a-ptēs (inschr.) `nicht fallend'; eu̯-petḗs `bequem, günstig'; pésos n. `Leiche', pótmo-s m. `das (fallende) Los, Geschick, Tod(eslos)', ptō̂ma n. `Fall, Sturz, das Gefallene, die Leiche', ptō̂si-s f. `Fall, Fall des Würfels'

Slavic: *pástī, *pádǭ

Baltic: *pet- vb. intr.

Germanic: *fit-a- vb.; ? *fat-ō- vb.

Latin: petō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum `zu erreichen suchen, eilen, streben; erbitten, fordern; sich bewerben, verlangen, anklagen; aufsuchen; angreifen; herbeiholen'; petulāns `darauf losgehend, mutwillig', petulcus, -a `mit den Hörnern stossend', impetus, -ūs m. `Andrang, Anprall, Angriff; Ungestüm; Drang, plötzlicher Entschluss', pessum `zu Boden, zugrunde (richten, gehen usw.)'

Russ. meaning: падать

References: WP II 19 f

Comments: *peta- and *peto- are confused in Indoar. and Latin.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *pet- vb. intr.

Meaning: emaciate

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: pèsti (peñta, pẽtō) 'sich erschöpfen, abmatten'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *fitan- vb.; ? *fatōn- vb.

Meaning: fall

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: ? feta st.: feta leiδ `den Weg finden'; fata wk. `den Weg finden'

Swedish: ? dial. fjäta

Old English: *fetan: prt. pl. gefētan st. V. `fallen'; fatian wif `heiraten (*ein Weib heimführen)'

Old High German: { *feʒʒan: prt. gefaʒ `fallen' }

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *pètá ( ~ *p`-, -t`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to drop, fall

Russian meaning: ронять, падать

Tungus-Manchu: *pet-ke-

Korean: *ptǝ̀rǝ́-

Japanese: *pàtá-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss. Cf. also Kor. ptǝ̄r- 'shake'.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pet-ke-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to fall, drop

Russian meaning: падать, валиться

Even: hetkъŋči-

Comments: ТМС 2, 371. Attested only in Evn., with possible parallels in Kor. and Jpn.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *ptǝ̀rǝ́-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to drop, fall; finish

Russian meaning: падать, валиться; кончаться

Modern Korean: t:ǝrǝ-ǯi-

Middle Korean: ptǝ̀rǝ́-tí-

Comments: Nam 151, KED 449.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pàtá-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to finish; anchor

Russian meaning: кончаться; ставить на якорь

Old Japanese: pata-

Middle Japanese: fata-

Tokyo: haté-

Kyoto: hàtè-

Kagoshima: hàtè-

Comments: JLTT 686.

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *pet

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): дно, пах, исподняя часть

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *pet- (~ -a-)

Proto-Itelmen: *pet

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *pet- (~ -a-)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): паховая часть: отверстие мочеиспускательного канала

Chukchee: lolo-pát-ɣǝrɣǝ-n

Comments: Первая часть *lolo- 'penis' (1790), последняя часть *-ɣъrŋъ-n - 'отверстие' (18). Ср. *pạckị- 'бедро' (1026). Ср. чук. pátɣǝrɣǝ-n 'дыра' (2133).

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *pet

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): дно, исподняя часть

Itelmen meaning: дно (лодки, посуды)

West Itelmen: pǝt

West Itelmen meaning: pars postica braccae

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): tylna część spodni

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVTV

Meaning : to fall

Eurasiatic : *ṗeṭV

Afroasiatic : *ḥVpid- 'go' 617, *pi/ut-'go, walk' 619, *fat-/*fit- 'move' 709

Sino-Caucasian : ? *pVṭV ( ~ ṗ-, -d-)

Reference : ND 1822

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *fat-/*fit-

Meaning: move

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *pVwVt- 'pass, go (of time)'

Berber: *fVt- 'walk' 1, 'pass (of time)' 2, 'having passed' 3

Western Chadic: *fut-/*fit- 'go out' 1, 'come' 2

Central Chadic: Musgu fiti 'road' [Luk]

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *fat-/*fit- 'go away'

South Cushitic: *fit- 'drive, run after'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 401

Proto-Semitic: *pVwVt-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pass, go (of time)'

Arabic: fwt [-u-]

Notes: Modification of the original biliteral structure *pat-.

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *fVt-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'walk' 1, 'pass' 2, 'having passed' 3

Semlal: i-ftu 1

Izayan: fat_ 2

Menasser: i-fut_-ǝn 3

Notes: Izy and Mns may be loanwords from Arab.

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *fut-/*fit-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 1 'go out', 2 'come'

Hausa: fítà 1

Wangday: fut 2 [?]

Daffo-Butura: fût- 1 [?]

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *fat-/*fit-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'go away'

Bilin: far

Khamta: fit-

Awiya (Aungi): fat-

Notes: Bil -r- < *-t- occurs in a number of Agaw forms.

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *fit-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'drive, run after'

Iraqw (Mbulu): fiit

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pVṭV ( ~ ṗ-, -d-)

Meaning: to remove

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *P(r)ŏt (~-ɨa-,-ua-)

Burushaski: *phat

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *P(r)ŏt (~-ɨa-,-ua-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cast, remove

Chinese: 廢 *pats cast aside, remove, 發 *pat throw out, send forth; start, go out etc.

Burmese: prut be removed, separated.

Comments: Kham pǝt gunshot. Cf. also Tib. (Schm.) bjod-pa Fortgang, Fortschritt; sbrad, sbrod deliver, ãphrod be delivered. ? Cf. perhaps Gangte, Tiddim pet 'bite' (for semantics cf. Tib. rgjag, rgjab 'throw' - so rgjag, rgjab 'bite').

Chinese characters :

Character: 廢

Modern (Beijing) reading: fèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pats

Classic Old Chinese: pać

Western Han Chinese: paś

Eastern Han Chinese: pwaś

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwaś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ̀j

Middle Chinese: pwǝ̀j

English meaning : to remove, reject, disregard, neglect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) упразднить, аннулировать; отменить; денонсировать; низложить; отставить; 2) забросить, запустить; 3) изъять (из употребления); исключить (из списков); отбросить, отказаться от...; 4) приходить в негодность; ненужный, бесполезный; негодный; бракованный; 5) увечье; увечный; инвалид; 6) тратить зря; портить

Comments: Also read *pat, *pat-s, MC pwǝt, pwǝ̀j '(perhaps:) great'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 6142

Karlgren code: 0275 f

Vietnamese reading: phế

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1971

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 廢

MC description : 蟹合三去廢非

ZIHUI: 1683 1164

Beijing: fei 3

Jinan: fei 3

Xi'an: fei 3

Taiyuan: fei 3

Hankou: fei 3

Chengdu: fei 3

Yangzhou: fǝi 3

Suzhou: fi 31

Wenzhou: fei 31

Changsha: fei 31

Shuangfeng: xui 31

Nanchang: фui 31

Meixian: fi 3

Guangzhou: fai 31

Xiamen: hue 31

Chaozhou: hui 31

Fuzhou: xie 31

Shanghai: fi 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: fei 3

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *phat

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to let off, let loose

Yasin: phat

Hunza: phat

Nagar: phat

Comments: Sh. phat

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