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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vēr (*-r_)
Meaning : state of being other, another's, different, separate, outcasted
Kota : vēr
Number in DED : 5548
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vēr_-
Meaning : other, different
Tamil : vēr_u
Tamil meaning : other, that which is different, that which is separated, class, kind, enmity, that which is opposite
Tamil derivates : vēr_u-paṭu, vēr_-ā to become different, separate, etc.; vēr_u-pāṭu difference, disagreement; vēr_r_avan_, vēr_r_ān_, vēr_r_uvan_, vēr_r_ōn_ stranger, enemy; vēr_r_-āḷ stranger; pariah; vēr_r_umai difference, antipathy, dissimilarity, disagreement, characteristic mark distinguishing an individual or species, case (grammatical); vevvēr_-āka separately, distinctly
Malayalam : vēr_u
Malayalam meaning : separation, difference; different
Malayalam derivates : vēr_-āka to be separated; vēr_-ākkuka to separate; vēr_u-pāṭu separation, absence; vēr_ē separately, distinctly, something else; vevvēr_ē separately, severally
Kannada : bēr_(u)
Kannada meaning : separation, state of being separate, apart or different
Kannada derivates : bēr_e separation, etc.; separate, apart, different, other, else; separately, etc.
Kodagu : bōre
Kodagu meaning : different
Tulu : bētè
Tulu meaning : separate, different, distinct, other
Number in DED : 5548
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vēt_-/*vēd_-
Meaning : to separate
Notes : The Brahui form preserves the archaic voiced variant (*ved_-).
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vēr_-
Meaning : different, other, separate; difference, separateness, separation
Telugu : vēr_u
Additional forms : Also vēr_upaḍu to become different, differ, separate; vēr_upāṭu difference, separation, etc.; [1] vēr_aḍamu, [2] vēr_imi difference; vevvēr_u separate, distinct, several
Number in DED : 5548
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vēt_-
Meaning : separate
Parji : vēta
Number in DED : 5548
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vēt_e- (*-r_-)
Meaning : separate
Notes : Bisyllabic root. Konda *-R- would suggest a *-t_- here, but it contradicts to Gondi vēreton. On the other hand, PKG has a sure *-t_-.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *vēre-
Meaning : another
Koya Gondi : vēreton
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ko (T) vēre separately
Number in DED : 5548
Number in CVOTGD : 3315
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : vēRe vēRe
Meaning: differently, separately
Number in DED : 5548
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *bre- (*-R-)
Meaning : stranger
Kui : breenju
Number in DED : 5548
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : birr-ing
Meaning : to separate out, pick out, select, distinguish
Additional forms : birvē sieve; birvē kanning to sift; birvinging to be sifted
Number in DED : 5548
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-addition,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *wVdV
Meaning: choose, ask, pledge
Comments: [Cf. SC *-VdV 'hear', PAfAs *ʕud- 'count'.]
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *wadh-
Meaning: guarantee, bail
Latin: vas, gen. vadis m. `Bürge'
Russ. meaning: залог, порука
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wad-a- c.
Meaning: tax
Lithuanian: vãda-s `Pfand, Bürge'
Lettish: vaduôt `auslösen, loskaufen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *wadja-n, *wadi
Meaning: pledge, guarantee
Gothic: wadi n. (ja) `guarantee'
Old Norse: veδ n. `Pfand, Sicherheit; Einsatz'
Norwegian: vedd
Old Danish: ved
Danish: ved `Pfand, Sicherheit; Einsatz'
Old English: wedd, -es n. `pledge, what is given as security; plegde, solemn promise, engagement, covenant, compact'
Old Frisian: wed, wedde
Old Saxon: weddi n. `Pfand, Vergleich, Wette, Einsatz',
Middle Dutch: wedde n. (/f.) `pand, bezoldiging'
Dutch: wedde f.
Old High German: wetti n. (8. Jh.) `Pfand, Pfandvertrag'
Middle High German: wɛtte, wɛte, wɛt st. n. `Wette, Pfandvertrag, Rechtsverbindlichkeit, Gesetz, Pfand, Einsatz bei einem Wettspiel, Bezahlung einer Schuld, Vergütung eines Schadens, Geldbusse',
German: Wette f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2073
Root: u̯adh-
English meaning: pledge
German meaning: `Pfand, Pfand einlösen'
Material: Lat. vas, vadis `Bürge', vadimōnium `Bürgschaft', praes. -dis, älter prae-vides `Bürge'; got. wadi n. `Pfand, Handgeld' (wadjabōkōs `Pfandbrief', gawadjōn `verloben'), aisl. veð n. `Pfand, anvertrautes Gut', afries. wed `Vertrag, Versprechen, Bürgschaft, Sicherheit', ags. wedd `Pfand, Vertrag', as. weddi `Pfand', ahd. wẹtti, wẹti `Pfandvertrag, Rechtsverbindlichkeit, Pfand', mhd. auch `Einsatz bei einer Wette, Schadenersatz', nhd. Wette; aisl. veðja `aufs Spiel setzen, wetten, unter Hinterlegung einer Bürgschaft Berufung einlegen', ags. weddian `Vertrag machen, versprechen, verheiraten' (weres weddian `sich einem Manne verloben', engl. wed `heiraten'), mhd. wetten `Pfand geben, Strafgeld entrichten, wetten', nhd. wetten; lit. vãdas `Pfand, Bürge', vadúoti (lett. vaduôt) `etwas Verpfändetes einlösen', už-vadúoti `für jemanden eintreten'.
References: WP. I 216 f., WH. II 735 f.
Pages: 1109
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *i̯udi(rV)
Meaning: to choose
Russian meaning: выбирать
Comments: The Jpn. form must be derived < *idar- < *idi-ra-. Mong. reveals a causative meaning here: *'make choose' > 'instigate, urge'.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *üdür-
Meaning: to choose, to select
Russian meaning: выбирать
Old Turkic: üdür- (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: üδür- (MK, KB) Turkish: Osm. ür-
Khakassian: üzür-
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-hak,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ödü-
Meaning: to conceive, urge, instigate
Russian meaning: затевать, побуждать
Written Mongolian: edü-, ödü- (L 294, 630) Middle Mongolian: etuldu 'to discuss, agree' (HY 40) Khalkha: ödö-
Ordos: edü-
Dongxian: uduru-
Shary-Yoghur: ūdu-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-yuy,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *iàr- ~ *aìr-
Meaning: to choose
Russian meaning: выбирать
Old Japanese: er-, erap-
Middle Japanese: èráb-
Tokyo: ér-, eráb-
Kyoto: èr-, éráb-
Kagoshima: èr-, èràb-
Comments: JLTT 681, 682. All forms point to low tone in the first syllable. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *wed-
Russian meaning: желать, просить
English meaning: to wish, ask for
Georgian: ved-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): доверять; ved-r- 'просить, умолять'
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to trust; ved-r- 'to ask, beg'
Svan: wad 'wish (n.)', wd- 'to miss smbd.'
Notes and references: EWK 131.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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