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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *mel-
Meaning : to soften
Kota : melg- (melgy-) "to soften (intr.) by action of water or heat"
Toda : mes_x- (mes_xy-) "(thing) becomes soaked and softened"
Additional forms : Also Kota melk- (melky-) to soften (tr.); Toda mes_k- (mes_ky-) to soak (tr.) so as to soften; mely slowly, stealthily; meli̇̇̇ very slowly
Number in DED : 5078
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *mel-
Meaning : soft
Tamil : mel
Tamil meaning : soft, tender
Tamil derivates : melku (melki-) to become soft, be light; mella, meḷḷa softly, slowly, gently; melli woman; mellikkai thinness; mellitu, mellicu that which is soft or fine; thinness, slenderness; melliyar the weak, the emaciated, the poor; low, mean person; women (as of delicate build); mell-en_al, meḷḷ-en_al expr. signifying being soft, gentle, being dull; meli (-v-, -nt-) to be weak, become lean, thin, suffer, languish, perish, become poor, reduced in circumstances, be softened (as a hard coconut), be lowered in pitch (music); (-pp-, -tt-) to weaken, make lean, thin, cause suffering, destroy, soften (a hard consonant), lower the pitch; meliyavan_ weak, powerless man; melivu weakness, feebleness, languor, fatigue, etc.; men_mai softness, etc.
Malayalam : mel
Malayalam meaning : slender, tender
Malayalam derivates : meliyuka to grow thin, lean; melivu, meliccal thinness, leanness; melluka, mellikka to be thin, fine; mellē slowly, gently, softly
Kannada : mel(u)
Kannada meaning : soft, tender, pliant, mild, gentle, kind, pleasant; slow, etc.
Kannada derivates : melpu softness, mildness; mella, mellane, melle gently, softly, slowly; mellitu, mellittu that which is soft, mild, etc.
Kodagu : melle
Kodagu meaning : lightly, slowly
Tulu : mella
Tulu meaning : slow, soft, gentle; slowly, softly, gently
Tulu derivates : melipuni to knead as dough, tread into a well-mixed mass (as earth); melippu kneading, mixing well into a mass, macerating; meliyuni to become well-mixed, be reduced by sickness
Number in DED : 5078
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *mel-
Meaning : 1 slow 2 soft
Proto-South Dravidian: *mel- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mel- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *mel-
Meaning : woman
Telugu : melãta
Dialectal forms (1) : melãtuka
Additional forms : Also [1] melamella, [2] melamellãgā gently, mildly, quietly, slowly, softly; mella slowly; mellãgā̆ slowly, tardily, quietly, gently, mildly, softly, gradually, by degrees; mellana slowness, tardiness; mellanan slowly, tardily; mellani slow, quiet, etc.
Number in DED : 5078
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mel-
Meaning : slowly
Kondekor Gadba : mellaga
Number in DED : 5078
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mel-e-
Meaning : slowly, softly
Notes : If PK -r- is suffixal and *mṛ- < *ml- with assimilation, the comparison is justified. Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : meleka
Meaning: slowly
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : melesa "gently, softly"
Number in DED : 5078
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *mṛēr-
Meaning : soft, quiet, gentle
Kui : mṛērna
Number in DED : 5078
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *mVlV
Meaning: soft, mild
References: ND 1407 *miħLi 'be weak' (+ dub. Sem.), 1412 *me/il(.)V 'soft', 1413 *mVLdV 'young, tender' (+ Arab.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(a)mal[a]- / -e-, *(a)mlā-
Meaning: to soften, to weaken; soft, weak, tender
Tokharian: B malya(k)ke 'youthful, puerile' (Adams 442)
Old Indian: mlāti, mlāyati `to fade, wither, decay, vanish', ptc. mlāna-, mlātá-; mr̥dú- `soft, tender, mild', fem. mrdvī́, comp. mradīyān; márdhati, mr̥dhati `to neglect, forsake, abandon' [rather to *mers-?]; mr̥ḍati, mr̥ḍáyati, mr̥ḍnāti `to be gracious, favourable', mr̥ḍīká- n. `favour'; marāla- 'soft, mild, tender'
Avestan: mrāta- `durch Gerben weich geworden'; vimradati `erweicht'; mǝrǝždā- `verzeihen'
Armenian: meɫm `weich, schlaff'; meɫk `weichlich, schlaf'
Old Greek: amaló- `schwach, zart', amblǘ- `stumpf, schwach'; bladǘ- 'flaccid'prob. in Hp. Aër.20; *bladǘ-: bladeîs= adǘnatos eks adünátōn Hsch., amaldǘnō `zerstören, schwächen, entstellen'; bladartó- = eklelüménos, khaûnos Hsch., adv. bladán = nōthrō̂s Hsch., bladós = adǘnatos Hsch.; dial. > ion.-att. blāk-s, gen. blākós `schlaff, stumpsinnig, dumm'; blǟkhró- `schwach'; malthakó-, aeol. mólthako- `weich, verweichlicht, zart, mild', málthōn m. `Weichling'; malakó- `weich, sanft, zart, weichlich, schlaff'
Latin: mollis, -e `weich, locker, geschmeidig, biegsam; mild, sanft, nachgiebig; weichlich, schwach'
Celtic: *mlot-, *mlāti-, *mal- > OIr mlāith `sanft, glatt, weich'; meldach `weich, zart, angenehm'; malcaim `verfaule', MIr blāith `sanft, glatt, weich'; Cymr blydd `sanft, zart'
Russ. meaning: размягчать, ослаблять; мягкий, слабый, нежный
References: WP II 284 f
Comments: Derivates meaning 'sand, clay' belong rather to *mel- q.v.
piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: молодо́й,
Near etymology: мо́лод, молода́, мо́лодо, укр. молоди́й, блр. молоды́, ст.-слав. младъ ἄωρος, νήπιος, болг. млад, сербохорв. мла̑д, мла́да, мла̑дӣ, словен. mlȃd, mládа ж., чеш., слвц. mladý, польск. mɫоdу, в.-луж., н.-луж. mɫоdу. Стар. основа на -u, судя по выражению смолоду, др.-чеш. z mladu -- то же, польск. zа mɫodu "в молодые годы", сравн. степ. др.-русск. моложии, моложьши, моложе.
Further etymology: Родственно др.-прусск. maldai (им. мн. м.) "отрок", maldian (вин. ед.) "жеребенок", maldûnin (вин. ед. ч.) "молодость", др.-инд. mr̥dúṣ "мягкий, нежный, кроткий", сравн. степ. mradīyān, греч. ἀμαλδύ̄νω "размягчаю, ослабляю", лат. mollis (из *moldvis) "мягкий", арм. mеɫk "изнеженный, вялый, слабый", др.-ирл. mеldасh "мягкий, нежный, приятный", гот. ga-malteins "растворение", др.-англ. meltan "плавить, растоплять"; см. Вальде--Гофм. 2, 103 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 167; Стокс 212; Бернекер 2, 71 и сл.; Хюбшман 473; Эндзелин, СБЭ 198; Шпехт 124; Френкель, IF 69, 154. Наряду с *meld- существовало и.-е. *meldh-, ср. др.-инд. márdhati, mr̥dháti "спадать, ослаблять", греч. μάλθων "изнеженный человек", μαλθακός "изнеженный, нежный", гот. mildeis "кроткий"; см. Бернекер, там же; Вальде--Гофм., там же. Древняя основа на -n представлена в *moldē̆n- (см. младе́нец), др.-прусск. maldenikis "дитя"; см. Бернекер, там же; Буга, РФВ 72, 192; Траутман, там же. Ср. сл. слово.
Pages: 2,643-644
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *mal-ā̂n-iā̃ f., *mal-d-ia- m., *mal-d-ais-i- adj.
Meaning: soft, young
Lithuanian: malṓnē 'Gnade, Gewohnheit, Huld, Gunst(bezeugung), Gefallen'; ? { mulvīti, mulvinti 'plagen, quälen, abmatten' }
Old Prussian: maldaisin acc. `jungster', maldian `Fohlen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *mildia-, *malda-
Meaning: mild
Gothic: *un-mild-s `unkind'; *mildiɵa f. (ō) `mildness, kindness'
Old Norse: mild-r `freigebig, gnädig, fromm'
Norwegian: mild
Swedish: mild
Danish: mild
Old English: milde `milde, gültig, freundlich'
English: mild
Old Frisian: milde
Old Saxon: mildi
Middle Dutch: milde `zacht, liefderijk, mild, rijkelijk'
Dutch: mild
Middle Low German: milde
Old High German: milti `gütig, freundlich, freigebig' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: milte, milde adj. 'freundlich, gütig, barmherzig, wohltätig'
German: mild
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *mèl[ú]
Meaning: to become stale, overripe, wither
Russian meaning: становиться затхлым, загустевать, увядать
Comments: Korean has a "verbal" low tone. Basically a Kor.-Jpn. isogloss; the TM parallel is much more problematic (poorly attested and semantically distant).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mel-me-
Meaning: to congeal (of blood)
Russian meaning: сгущаться, запекаться (о крови)
Literary Manchu: melme-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *mằrằ-
Meaning: dry
Russian meaning: сухой
Modern Korean: marɨ-
Middle Korean: mằrằ-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *mùrá-
Meaning: to become stale; to be overboiled
Russian meaning: становиться затхлым; развариваться
Tokyo: muré-
Kyoto: mùrè-
Kagoshima: mùrè-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : WVNLV
Meaning : good
Amerind (misc.) : *malin 'good' (R 320) [+ A] Notes : Perhaps = WVLV 'new, young'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wǟ́nʎwē
Meaning: luck, joy
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *wēnʎ_wē
Meaning: luck, good
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-abad,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *māli
Meaning: good deed, good (relig.)
Chechen: mēla
Ingush: mäl
Comments: 5th class in both languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *bVxʷi / *xʷibV-
Meaning: 1 luck 2 good
Avar: baxí 1
Andian language: šu-b 2
Akhvakh: šo-da-be 2
Chamalal: hō-b 2
Comments: Cf. Cham. Gig. hu-b id. (suggesting *x- in PA). In PA *-b- in *xʷibV- was reanalyzed as a class suffix (*xʷibV-b > *xʷi(b)-b).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *maʎ́ʷV
Meaning: good, luck
Adyghe: māfa
Kabardian: māxʷa
Comments: PAK *maxʷá. The root is homonymous with *maxʷa 'day' - which is obviously a secondary merger. PAK *xʷ may go back to *ʎ́ʷ, *ʎʷ, *xʷ or *x́ʷ; in this case *ʎ́ʷ is preferable because of external evidence.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔɨāɫ
Meaning: rest
Lushai: ōl to rest.
Comments: Cf. Dhimal el-ka 'good'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 安
Modern (Beijing) reading: ān
Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔān
Classic Old Chinese: ʔān
Western Han Chinese: ʔān
Eastern Han Chinese: ʔān
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔān
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔān
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔān
Middle Chinese: ʔân
English meaning : be calm, peaceful
Russian meaning[s]: 1) спокойный, мирный; безопасный; покой, благополучие; 2) успокоить, умиротворить; утешить; 3) веселый; благодушный; 4) комфортабельный, удобный; 5) устроить, поместить; устроиться, поселиться; 6) положить, установить; прикрепить, смонтировать; устроить; 7) питать (надежды); лелеять; 8) перед сказуемым вопросительного предложения где?; куда?; в чем?; как?; 9) сокр. ар; ампер; 10) стар. приветствие; 11) древн. и тогда; 12) Ань (фамилия)
Comments: Character also used for homonymous *ʔān 'where'.
Radical: 40
Four-angle index: 8828
Karlgren code: 0146 a-c
Vietnamese reading: an
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 261
Character: 安
MC description : 山開一平寒影
ZIHUI: 1344 1762
Beijing: an 11
Jinan: ŋã 11
Xi'an: ŋã 11
Taiyuan: ŋä̃ 1
Hankou: ŋan 11
Chengdu: ŋan 11
Yangzhou: ɛ̃ 11
Suzhou: ö 11
Wenzhou: y 11
Changsha: ŋan 11
Shuangfeng: uɛ̃ 11
Nanchang: ŋɔn 11
Meixian: ɔn 11
Guangzhou: ɔn 11
Xiamen: an 11 (lit.); uã 11
Chaozhou: aŋ 11
Fuzhou: aŋ 11
Shanghai: ö 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: an 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *míl-
Meaning: to pacify, be pacified
Hunza: di-míl-
Nagar: di-míl-
Comments: Sh. dimil-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *ben
Meaning: 1 formal, serious, sensible 2 meek, docile, obedient 3 power, potency 4 critical moment, urgency, compulsion 5 necessity
Bizkaian: ben 1, men 1, 2
Gipuzkoan: ben 1, men 2
High Navarrese: men 2, 3
Low Navarrese: men 3, 5
Lapurdian: men 3, 4
Zuberoan: men 3
Roncalese: men 3
Comments: The semantic variations are extensive, but cf. PNC *wēnʎ_wē 'luck, good', where, e.g., 'luck' may be related to Basque 'critical moment, power', and 'good' to Basque 'meek, docile, sensible'.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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