Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *paṛ-ǝp-

Meaning : ripe

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : paṛv- (paṛd-) "(fruits) become ripe, (boil, sore) opens"

Toda : pošf- (pošt-) "to ripen"

Additional forms : Also Kota paṇ fruit; Toda pum, (in song) pan fruit; pōṣf- (pōṣt-) to yield fruit, (fruit) ripens

Number in DED : 4004

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *paẓ-, *paẓ-nd-

Meaning : to ripen

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : paẓu (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to ripen (as fruits, grain), grow mature, arrive at perfection (as in knowledge, piety), become old, come to a head (as a boil), change colour by age, become pale or yellowish (as the body by disease), become flexible, pliant; n. (also paṛuppu) ripeness, yellowness (of fruits), leaf turned yellow with age

Tamil derivates : paẓunu (paẓuni-), paẓun_u (paẓun_i-) to grow ripe, become mellow, mature, be full or perfect; paẓam ripe fruit; paṇṭam fruit

Malayalam : paẓukka

Malayalam meaning : to grow ripe, become well-tempered, suppurate, decay; n. fruit put to ripen

Malayalam derivates : paẓuppu ripening of fruit; paẓuppikka to ripen artificially; paẓam ripe fruit, ripe plantains

Kannada : paṇ

Kannada meaning : to be produced (ripe fruit); n. (also paṇṇu) ripe fruit, ripeness

Kodagu : paṇṇɨ

Kodagu meaning : fruit

Tulu : palkuni, paḷkuni

Tulu meaning : to be very soft (as an overripe fruit), be pliant, flexible

Tulu derivates : parnduni to be ripe, mature, (hair) turns grey; parndāvuni to ripen (tr.); parndụ ripeness, ripe fruit, ripe plantains; ripe, grey; palu ripening (as of fruit), half-ripe; pandaḍè fructification, productiveness of a tree

Proto-Nilgiri : *paṛ-ǝp-

Miscellaneous : IRU pammu, pāmu ripe fruit

Notes : Apart from the suffixless form *paṛ-, present in most SDR languages except for Kannada and Kodagu, we have to reconstruct a suffixal form *paṛnd- with a vowel-less -nd- suffix. The ensuing cluster *-ṛnd- resulted in: Tamil -ṇṭ- (paṇṭam), Irula -m- (pammu), Kota -ṇ- (paṇ), Toda -m- (pum), Kan. -ṇ- (paṇ), Kod. -ṇ- (paṇṇɨ). Only in some Tulu dialects the old cluster is preserved (parndụ, etc.).

Number in DED : 4004

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *paẓ-, *paẓ-nd-

Meaning : to ripen

Proto-South Dravidian: *paẓ-, *paẓ-nd-

Proto-Telugu : *panḍ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *panḍ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *panḍ-, *paṛ

Proto-North Dravidian : *pān-/*panǯ-

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *panḍ-

Meaning : to ripen, mature, yield, produce, win (in a game); n. fruit, berry; adj. ripe, mature

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : paṇḍu

Additional forms : Also paṇḍincu to ripen (tr.); paṇṭa produce, crop, fruit, ripening; ? palãku to yield fruit, ripen

Number in DED : 4004

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *panḍ-

Meaning : to ripen

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : panḍ- (panḍt-) "to become ripe"

Kinwat Kolami : pan (pl. panḍl) "fruit"

Naikri : panḍ- "to become ripe"

Naiki : panḍ- (panṭ-) "to be ripe"

Parji : panḍ- "(plant) matures"

Ollari Gadba : paṛŋ(g)- "to become ripe"

Salur Gadba : paḍiŋ- (paṭṭ-) "to become ripe"

Additional forms : Also Kolami panḍip- (panḍipt-) to put to become ripe; panḍuḍ ripe fruit; Naikri panḍe ripe fruit; Naiki panṭa ripe; Parji paṛñ- to ripen; pal ripe fruit, pus; Salur (P) paṛŋ- (hair) to become grey

Number in DED : 4004

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *panḍ-, *paṛ

Meaning : to ripen (fruit); fruit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *panḍ-

Konda : paṇḍ-

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *paṛ

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *panḍ-/*pāṛ-

Notes : Either these are two separate roots or this is a morphological alternation dating back to PDR.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *panḍ-

Meaning : to become ripe

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : panḍānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : panḍīnā

Muria Gondi : panḍ- "to become ripe, (hair) to become grey, (leaf) to become yellow"

Seoni Gondi : panḍ- "to become ripe, (hair) to become grey"

Koya Gondi : panḍ- "to become ripe, (hair) to become grey"

Yeotmal Gondi : panḍ- "to become ripe, (hair) to become grey"

Chindwara Gondi : panḍ- "to become ripe, (hair) to become grey"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_W paṇṛtal, Gondi_M panḍta ripe; Gondi_A, Gondi_Mu, Gondi_Ma, Gondi_S, Gondi_Ko panḍ/i/ ripe fruit; Gondi_Tr pandīng sweet, ripe achar berries

Number in DED : 4004

Number in CVOTGD : 2094, 2095

Konda etymology :

Konda : paṇḍ-

Meaning: to ripen; (hair) to become grey

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : paṛu "fruit"

Additional forms : Also Konda paṇḍis- to cause a crop to grow; paṇṭa a crop; year; paṇḍu (pl. paṭku) fruit

Number in DED : 4004

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *paṛ

Meaning : fruit

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : paṛ (pl. -ku)

Manda : paṛ (pl. -ke)

Number in DED : 4004

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *panḍ-/*pāṛ-

Meaning : fruit

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Schulze) : panḍu "ripe fruit"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : pāṛey (pl. -ka)

Kuwi (Israel) : pāṛeyi

Additional forms : Also Kui_Kasi pāṛesi fruit

Notes : It looks like this is a contamination of two originally different PDR roots: *panḍ- 'to ripen' and *paṛ- 'fruit', cf. other data; in most subgroups they have, however, been so much intertwined that the original semantics is indeed hard to determine.

Number in DED : 4004

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *pān-/*panǯ-

Meaning : to ripen, (boil) festers, have a yellowish appearance (as after a prolonged illness)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : pā̃nnā (pańjā)

Malto : pāne

Additional forms : Also KUR pańjkā fruits; MLT pāntre to ripen (tr.), teach manners; panjek, panjeke ripe

Number in DED : 4004

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