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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *val
Meaning : right
Kota : val "powerful, very, right"
Toda : pas_
Additional forms : Also Kota val kay right hand; val(n) man who is clever at cheating; fem. valy, valc; val paṭ excessive; valc- (valc-) (man) becomes stout, (heart) becomes bold, (grain) becomes solid lump when boiled; Toda pas_ koy right hand; paly- (pals-) (child) becomes strong; palym (obl. palyt-) force
Notes : Are Toda forms with -l- borrowed from SDR?
Number in DED : 5276
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *val-/*văl-
Meaning : strong, firm
Tamil : val
Tamil meaning : strong, hard, forceful, skilful
Tamil derivates : vallam, vallamai, vallai strength; vallavan_, vallān_ strong man, capable man; vallāḷan_ mighty man, hero; vallu (valli-) to be able; vallunar capable people; vala-kkai, valaŋ-kai right hand; valatu right side, victory; valam, valan_ strength, power, right side, victory, authority; valavai ability, powerful person; valavan_ capable man; vali strength, power; (-v-, -nt-; -pp-, -tt-) to be strong, hard, compel; valitu that which is strong, force, compulsion; valippu firmness, stability; vali-paṭu to become strong; valimai strength, skill, hardness; valiya strong, big; valiyan_ strong, powerful, skilful man; valivu strength; valu id., skill, ability; (-pp-, -tt-) to be strong or hard; valuppu firmness, strength; valumai strength, force, violence; vallapam strength, power, ability; var_pu strength, hardness; van_pu, van_mai strength, firmness; van_mam force; vāl greatness, abundance; vālimai greatness, strength
Malayalam : val, valu, valiya
Malayalam meaning : strong, powerful, great
Malayalam derivates : valiyā forcibly, suddenly; valaŋ-kai right hand; valam the right or strong side; valippam, valima greatness, bigness; valluka to be able, strong; vallabham power, capacity; vanpu greatness, strength; vampikka to grow large, grow arrogant
Kannada : bal
Kannada meaning : to grow strong or firm, etc.
Kannada derivates : bali to increase, grow, grow strong, stout, become tight, firm, hard; increase (tr.), make strong, firm; bal(u), bolu strength, firmness, bigness; greatness, abundance, excess; bala right; bala key/gey right hand; balisu to make strong; bal(u)me, baluhu, balpu strength; balla man who possesses ability, skill, or erudition; knowing
Kodagu : bala
Kodagu meaning : power, strength
Kodagu derivates : balate right (hand); ballyë great
Tulu : bala
Tulu meaning : strength
Tulu derivates : balatụ the right side; balata kai the right hand; balāpini to gain strength, recover health; balikè prowess, strength, hardness; balimè, balumè, balmè strength, might; balu very, large, great, severe, violent
Number in DED : 5276
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *val-
Meaning : big; much, very
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *val- Proto-North Dravidian : *bal- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *val-
Meaning : skill, excellence, possibility; right, possible, convenient
Telugu : valanu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : valacu "to be capable, be able to"
Additional forms : Also valamu largeness, stoutness; valãti clever person, expert; vala right; vala cēyi right hand; valadu much; valana(N) instrumental postposition; valũda stout, big, large; valla possible; vallaḍi violence; oppression; vali big, large; baliyu to grow fat, increase (or with 5304); balipincu to cause to grow; balimi strength, force, violence; balisina fat, stout; balupu fatness; baluvu strength, intensity; heavy, great, excessive, big, strong, severe
Number in DED : 5276
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *val-
Meaning : strong
Parji : vela key "right hand"
Kondekor Gadba : valan "thick, stout"
Number in DED : 5276
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *val-
Meaning : much
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *val-
Meaning : much, very
Betul Gondi : wallē
Number in DED : 5276
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *bal-
Meaning : large
Kurukh : balē, balētī "with the help of"
Malto : balehne
Additional forms : Also MLT balebale large ones.
Number in DED : 5276
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : bal-un
Meaning : big, large, elder, full-grown
Number in DED : 5276
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *wol[a]
Meaning: big
References: МССНЯ 331, ОСНЯ 2, 109-110; ND 2469 *walV 'be strong, able', *waḷa ~ *wu/oḷa 'big, large, multitude' (hardly distinguishable). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(e)wel- (Gr hw-/ew-)
Meaning: great number; to heap
Tokharian: A wälts, B yaltse (PT *w'ältse) 'thousand' (Adams 486); B walke 'for a long time' (582); A waltsurā 'in brief', B wälts- 'put together, press together' (597)
Old Greek: ep., ion. ẹ̄léō, dor., el. weleō, ep., delph. *ẹ̄́lomai̯ (ẹ̄lómeno-, ẹ̄lésthō), aor. inf. élsai̯, ep., lyr. eélsai̯. pass. eálēn, alḗmenai̯, alḗs, pf. med. ep. éelmai̯, -méno, pf. prt. eólẹ̄ (?) `zusammendrängen, -drücken, -ziehen, einengen, einschliessen'; att. íllō, ẹ̄́llō `id.'; ī́la f., ion. ẹ̄́lǟ f. `Schar, Truppe', īladón `scharenweise, in Geschwadern'; adv. hális `in Menge, genug', *wáli-: gáli = hikanón Hsch.; ẹ̄̂lar n. etwa `Schutzwehr', hālḗs, ep., poet. aollḗs `versammelt, zusammengedrängt, in geschlossenen Massen'; eksọ̄lǟ́ `Verdrängung, Verbannung', ọ̄lamó-s m. `Gedränge, Getümmel, Gewühl'
Russ. meaning: множество; валить в кучу
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: великий,
Near etymology: краткая форма вели́к, велика́, велико́; укр. вели́кий, др.-русск., ст.-слав. великъ, болг. вели́к, сербохорв. ве̏ликӣ, словен. vélik, чеш. veliký, velký, слвц. veliký, vel'ký, польск. wielki, в.-луж. wulki.
Further etymology: Родственно тох. А. wäl "князь, государь", В. walo - то же, walke "продолжительный", далее, греч. ἄλις "достаточно", εἴλω, εἰλέω "тесню, жму"; см. Френкель, IF 50, 11; Бенвенист, Festschrift Н. Hirt 2, 236; Буазак. 223 и сл.; Сольмсен, Unters. gr. Lautl. 224 и сл.; Beitr. gr. Wf. 155 и сл., где делается попытка сближения с вали́ть; см. еще Мейе, MSL 14, 374. Другие связывают с во́ля, веле́ть (Mi. EW 378; Голуб 325), наконец, с лат. valeo "здравствую" (Младенов 61; Петр ВВ 25, 147).
Trubachev's comments: [Грошель ("Slavistična Revija", 5 -- 7, 1954, стр. 122 -- 123) сравнивает слав. velikъ с греч. ἑλικόν ̇ ὀρθόν (Гесихий). -- Т.]
Pages: 1,289
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wal-ī̂- vb.
Meaning: gather
Lithuanian: valī́ti 'ernten, zusammenbringen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2128
Root: u̯el-3
English meaning: to press, push
German meaning: `drängen, pressen, zusammendrängen, einschließen'
Derivatives: u̯olgo-s `Menge'
Material: Hom. εἴλω (*έλ-νω); Inf.-Aor. ἔλσαι und mit Vorschlag ἐέλσαι, Aor. Pass. ἐάλην, ἀλήμεναι, ep. ion. εἰλέω (*ελ-νέω), att. εἴλλω (*εελι̯ω mit Vorschlags-ε), dor. el. ηλέω, redupl. ἴλλω (*ί-λω) `dränge, drücke, presse'; lakon. βήλημα κώλυμα, φράγμα ἐν ποταμῳ̃ Hes., messen. ἤλημα, ion. εἴλη `Schar' (ελν-), woneben wohl mit i = e (wie πίλναμαι) att. ἴ̄λη, dor. ἴ̄λᾱ `Schar' (*ιλνᾱ), hom. (*ἰ̄λαδόν `scharenweise', pamph. ίλσιος Gen. von -ις `Bedrängnis'; hom. (äol.) ἀελλής (*ἀελνής) `dicht zusammengezogen' (κονίσαλος) und ἀολλής (*ἀολνής) `versammelt' (mit äol. -ολ-); vgl. die auf *ἀαλλής aus *ἀαλνής, *ἄl̥νής zurückgehenden ion. ἁ̄λής, ἀ̄λής `versammelt', ἁλίζω `versammle', ἁ̄λίη `Versammlung', dor. ἁ̄λία und ἁλιαία ds. (u. dgl.); att. ἡλιαία `Ort des Gerichts, das höchste Gericht in Athen' samt ἡλιάζω, ἡλιαστής ist entlehnt aus argiv. ἀ̄λιαίᾱ, ἁ̄λιάζω, mit Ersetzung von dor. α durch att. η, das wie der Asper an ἥλιος eine Stütze fand; das anlaut. ἀ- ist kopul. ἀ-;
ἅλις `scharenweise, genug' (Hom.), γάλι ἱκανόν Hes.; hom. οὑλαμός `Getümmel, Gewühl' (wegen γόλαμος διωγμός Hes. metr. Dehnung für *ολαμος), att. ἐξούλη `Verdrängung aus Besitzrechten' (*ολ-νᾱ);
lit. vãlinas `Wall', valinỹs `Tuchecke', lett. valnis `Kante', su-valýti `(Getreide) zusammenbringen, ernten', lit. iš-valýti `heraus-, fortschaffen', valýti `reinigen'; aksl. *velь (: gr. ἅλις) in velь-mi, -ma `sehr, übermäßig', velь-lěpъ `sehr schön', velijь, velikъ `groß', *valъ `Haufen, Menge' (*u̯ōlos) in russ. válom `in Menge', navál `großer Haufen', zavál `Verstopfung, Sperre', privál `Landen' (*Andrängen), válьmja `haufenweise' usw.;
g-Erweiterung ist wahrscheinlich lat. volgus, vulgus `das Volk' (= `große Menge Leute', vgl. oben russ. valomъ, valьmja) = ai. várga- m. `Abteilung, Gruppe', mbret. gwalch `Überfluß', nbret. a-walc'h `genug' (vgl. ἅλις), gwalc'ha `sättigen', cymr. gwala `Menge, genug'; toch. В walke `lange'.
References: WP. I 295 f., WH. II 826 f., Frisk 71 f., 74, 117, 455 ff., Vasmer 180, 181;
See also: ursprüngliche Gleichheit mit *u̯el-7 `drehen' ist denkbar, da `pressen, zusammendrücken' ursprüngl. `zusammenwinden' sein kann.
Pages: 1138
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-seealso,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ulu ( ~ -o)
Meaning: big, many; good
Russian meaning: большой, много; хороший
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ulug
Meaning: 1 big 2 great 3 grown-up, great
Russian meaning: 1 большой 2 великий 3 взрослый, крупный
Old Turkic: uluɣ 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: uluɣ 1 (MK, KB) Turkish: ulu 2
Tatar: ölkɛn 1
Middle Turkic: uluɣ, uluq 1 (Pav. C.) Uighur: uluɣ 1
Azerbaidzhan: ulu 2
Turkmen: ulɨ 1
Khakassian: uluɣ 1
Yakut: ulaxan, ulū 1
Dolgan: ulakan, ulū 1
Tuva: uluɣ 1
Tofalar: uluɣ 1
Kirghiz: uluu 2
Kazakh: ulken 1
Noghai: üjken 1
Bashkir: ölkän 1
Balkar: ullu 1
Karakalpak: ülken 1
Comments: VEWT 513, 520, TMN 2, 117-118, EDT 136, ЭСТЯ 1, 593-594, 630, Stachowski 242, 243. Turkic languages reveal two variants (*ulug and *ülken, the latter being represented only in modern languages), probably interrelated. Despite Bang TB X and TMN 2, 118 it is hard to see any relationship between *ulug (hardly *ullug: some modern forms must have secondary gemination here) and *ul 'foundation'. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *olon
Meaning: many
Russian meaning: много
Written Mongolian: olan (L 607) Middle Mongolian: olon (HY 44, SH), ulān (IM), ulan (MA) Khalkha: olon
Buriat: olon
Kalmuck: olṇ
Ordos: olon
Dongxian: olon
Baoan: oloŋ
Shary-Yoghur: olon
Monguor: olon (SM 298), (MGCD ulon) Comments: KW 285, MGCD 116, 527. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ule-
Meaning: good
Russian meaning: хороший
Literary Manchu: ulin 'goods'
Ulcha: ule(n)
Orok: uliŋga
Udighe: uligdiga` 'beautiful' (Корм. 301) Comments: ТМС 2, 260-261. Man. > Dag. ulin 'goods' (Тод. Даг. 170). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ōr-
Meaning: completely, wholly
Russian meaning: совершенно, полностью
Modern Korean: oro-ǯi
Middle Korean: ōró
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1105
Proto: *ulV(-jV) ?
English meaning: many, very
German meaning: viel, groß; sehr
Saam (Lapp): ǫl'lo, ǫllo, ǫlo (N) 'much, many, very', āllō (L) 'viel, viele, groß' ?
Nenets (Yurak): ŋūĺīʔ (O) 'sehr, überaus, ganz' ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-nen,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *uLiv-ka-
Meaning: full, to fill
Russian meaning: полный, наполнять
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ulǝv-
Meaning: to overfill, to overload (e.g. a car by people) 1, to fill to overflowing 2
Russian Meaning: переполнять, перегружать (машину людьми) 1, переполнять (до переливания) 2
Chaplino: ulǝ́vaʁáχtaqā 1, 2, ulǝ́ftaqā 1
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *ulipka-
Meaning: to fill 1, to be full 2
Russian meaning: наполнять 1, полный 2
North Alaskan Inupik: ulipkāq- 1 (completely)
WCI Dialects: Cop ulipkāq- 'to fill to overflowing', ~ Car ulipkaq- 'to be overflowing, to flood (river)' [Schn.]
Eastern Canadian Inupik: ~ ulikki(C)- 'to overflow'
Greenlandic Inupik: ulikkāʁ- 1, 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 365
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-nai,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : WVLV
Meaning : big
Afroasiatic : *wVl- 'large, great; all'
Austric : PAA *(Cǝ)ʔul 'thick'
Amerind (misc.) : *wila 'fat' (R 244) [+ A] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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