Change viewing parameters
Select another database
North Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North-Dravidian : *-l-
Meaning : negative morpheme
Malto : -l-
Number in DED : 234
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
Search within this database
Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *al-
Meaning : negative morpheme
Proto-South Dravidian: *al- Proto-North Dravidian : *-l- Notes : A rather common negation morpheme with well-known Nostratic parallels. Its main competition is PDR *śil- with more or less the same meaning (sometimes the two forms are in complementary distribution between branches - e. g. only *śil- is found in Telugu, only all- in Brahui). // Present in 4/6 branches. dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
Search within this database
South Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *al-
Meaning : not
Tamil : al-
Tamil meaning : (1 sg. allē̆ṇ, 1 pl. allēm, 2 sg. allai, 2 pl. allir, 3 sg. m. allan_, 3 pl. m. allar, 3 sg. f. allaḷ, 3 sg. neut. an_r_u, 3 pl. neut. alla; alla is used in mod. Tamil for all persons and numbers) to be not so-and-so
Tamil derivates : allatu evil, sin; or, if not, or else; allavai sin, evil, uselessness; allāta which is not, different from; allāmal, allāl, an_r_i, an_r_iyil except, besides; an_mai negation of identity, reciprocal negation; evil
Malayalam : alla
Malayalam meaning : is not that, not thus
Malayalam derivates : allātē else, otherwise, except; allāykil if not
Kannada : alla
Kannada meaning : (for all persons and numbers; also 3 sg. neut. alladu, altu) to be not so-and-so, be not fit or proper
Kannada derivates : allada being not so or that, being not proper
Kodagu : alla
Kodagu meaning : (for all persons and numbers) to be not so-and-so
Kodagu derivates : allate not only but also
Number in DED : 0234
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
Search within this database
Nilgiri etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Nilgiri : *al-
Meaning : not to be
Kota : alā "(for all persons and numbers) to be not so-and-so"
Toda : alos_y "except (lit. not being)"
Additional forms : Also Kota alād which is not so-and-so; bad; except, besides, not only but also; alāvōr bad men; alātmēl if/since it is not so
Number in DED : 234
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
Search within this database
Gondwan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *al-
Meaning : not
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,
Search within this database
Gondi etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Gondi : *al-
Meaning : not
Betul Gondi : hal, hallē, haillē
Number in DED : 234
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-dednum,
Search within this database
Brahui etymology :
Search within this database
Brahui : all-
Meaning : base of past neg. tenses of anning to be
Additional forms : Also BRA ala, alavā certainly not, not a bit of it
Number in DED : 234
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-addition,braet-dednum,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *ʔVlV
Meaning: negative particle
Indo-European: Hitt. l- 'not'
Uralic: *älä / *ala 'do not!'
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ellǝ Comments: Aleut -l-.
References: ОСНЯ 1, 17, 263-264, ND 24 *ʔäla (with a hypothesis that forms like *ule go back to deict. *w- + *älä). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *ule ( ~ -i)
Meaning: negative particle
Russian meaning: отрицательная частица
Comments: So far there are no certain Altaic parallels discovered: cf. perhaps -ül in Turk. *degül, see *tagi. A Nostratic etymology see in ОСНЯ 1, 17, 263-264. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *ülü
Meaning: not
Russian meaning: не
Written Mongolian: ülü (L 1006) Middle Mongolian: ulu (HY 51, SH), ulɛ (IM), ulä̆ (MA) Khalkha: ül
Buriat: üle
Ordos: üle, ülü
Dongxian: ulie
Baoan: le
Shary-Yoghur: lǝ
Monguor: li (SM 222), lī̆ Mogol: la, lü, lɛ; ZM ulä (27-7a) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Kartvelian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *wer-
Russian meaning: приглагольное отрицание "не"
English meaning: not (verbal negation)
Georgian: ver
Megrel: va(r)
Laz: va(r)
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 83, EWK 132.
kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
Search within this database
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'el
Meaning (Rus.): нет, отрицание
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ellǝ kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
Search within this database
Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ellǝ
Meaning (Rus.): нет, не 1, отрицание при причастии и деепричастии 2
Chukchee: ɛ́tlǝ, eló!, ɛ(l)- 1, 2
Koryak: èlle, e(l)- 1
Palan: èlle e(l)- 1
Alutor: àllǝ, a(l)- 1
Comments: В значениии отрицания берется, неосложненная аффиксами форма, где закономерно -lvV# > -llǝ, в качестве первой части сложений со значениями 'другой, иной' основа имеет вид *elbe- (1742), в случаях отрицательных образований, как правило конфиксов используется усеченная форма el- перед гласным, e(l)- перед согласным.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
Search within this database
Itelmen etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Itelmen: *'il-
Meaning (Rus.): отрицание при императиве
South Itelmen: iĺ-mas-ɨs 2sg. neg. imper. 1, iĺ-puva-kax 2sg. neg. imper. 2
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): nolli impedire 1, nolli terrere 2
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): nie przeskadzaj 1, nie strasz 2
Comments: Ср. *'e'l- 'редкий' (705).
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-comments,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : HVLV
Meaning : negative particle
Reference : Ndr 24.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,
Search within this database
Afroasiatic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔVl-
Meaning: not
Semitic: ʔa/ul 'not'
Berber: Shaw ul
Notes: Sem., Cush., Omot. (Ndr 24).
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-notes,
Search within this database
Semitic etymology :
Search within this database
Number: 3054
Proto-Semitic: ʔa/ul
Meaning: not
Akkadian: ul
Ugaritic: ʔal
Phoenician: ʔl
Hebrew: ʔăl
Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab ʔl
Amharic: al...m
Argobba: al...w/u
Gafat: al
Harari: al
Gurage: Sod al-, Cha an-
Jibbali: ʔol...lɔʔ
Soqotri: al
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-sar,semet-amh,semet-arg,semet-gaf,semet-hrr,semet-gur,semet-jib,semet-soq,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 662352 | 3253268 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|