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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *ūk-
Meaning : to act with dignity, terrify
Malto : ūkye
Number in DED : 729
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ūk-
Meaning : to put forth effort; to endeavour
Proto-South Dravidian: *ūk- Proto-North Dravidian : *ūk- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-ndr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ūk-
Meaning : to make an effort
Tamil : ūkku (ūkki-)
Tamil meaning : to make an effort, act with energy; n. zeal, spirit
Tamil derivates : ūkkam impulse, zeal, exertion, effort, strength, power, conviction; ūkkal putting forth effort; ūkkalar people of energy, of spirit
Malayalam : ūkku, ūkkam
Malayalam meaning : strength, exertion
Malayalam derivates : ūkkan strong; uŋku strength
Number in DED : 0729
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *ūk-
Meaning : to endeavour, make an effort
Telugu : ū̃kincu
Dialectal forms (1) : ū̃ku
Additional forms : Also [1] ū̃ku, [2] ū̃kuva endeavour, effort; uŋkincu to attempt, endeavour, try
Number in DED : 729
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HʷiḳV
Meaning: energy, anger
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *weik- <PIH *Hʷ->
Meaning: to compel, to win
Hittite: hwek- / huk- (I) 'schlachten, abschlachten', hunink- 'beschädigen' (Tischler 257ff with criticism)
Armenian: vēg `Streit', vig `Kraft, Stärke'
Latin: vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum `die Oberhand erlangen, siegen; besiegen', per-vicāx `hartnäckig, standhaft'
Other Italic: Osk vincter `convincitur'
Celtic: OIr fichim `ich Kämpfe', dofeit `straft', fīch `Kampf, Fehde', Gaul -vix in PN; OCymr guichr `effera', guichir `effrenus', Cymr gwychr `id.', gwych `fortis, strenuus'; *viktā: Ir fecht `Kriegszug', OCymr guith, OBret uueith, uueth in PN, OIr feuchuir (gl.) `severus', feuchrtae `Wildheit'
Russ. meaning: принуждать силой, побарывать
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: век,
Near etymology: род. п. века, ве́чный, сюда же уве́чный, укр. вiк, ст.-слав. вѣкъ αἰών, вѣчьнъ, болг. век, мн. ч. векове́, сербохорв. ви̏jек, ве̑к, словен. vȇk, чеш. věk, слвц. vek, польск. wiek.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. viẽkas "сила, жизнь", veikiù, veĩkti "действовать, делать", véikus "проворный, быстрый", veiklus "деятельный, активный, деловой", vỹkis м. "жизнь, живость", vikrùs "бодрый", лтш. vèicu, vèikt "добиваться, пересиливать, одолевать", др.-исл. veig ж. "сила", víg ср. р. "борьба", гот. weihan "бороться", д.-в.-н. wîgan "бороться", ирл. fichim "борюсь" (из *vikō), лат. vincō, vincere "побеждать", pervicāx "упорный, стойкий"; см. Траутман, BSW 339; М. -- Э. 4, 524 и сл.; Вальде 838; Торп 408.
Trubachev's comments: [См. еще Унбегаун, Sybaris, 173 и сл. -- Т.]
Pages: 1,286
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *weĩk- vb. tr., *weĩk-a- c., *weîk-ā̂ f.
Meaning: do, make, execute
Lithuanian: veĩkti (-ia, -ē) 'machen, tun, arbeiten, ausführen', į-, nu-veĩkti 'besiegen, überwinden, überwältigen'; vaikī́ti '(ver)jagen, verscheuchen', viẽka-s '(Lebens)kraft, Leben', žem. víeka 'dass.'
Lettish: vèikt (/veĩkt) (-cu) 'einen glücklichen Ausschlag erringen, ausrichten, besiegen, bezwingen', refl. 'gedeihen, gelingen, guten Ausgang, Fortgang haben, vonstatten gehen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *wī́xan-/*wīgán-, *wíxan-; *wig=; *wáixjō; *wīgá- m., n., *waigṓn-, *waigrá-, *waigṓ, etc.
Meaning: battle, fight
Gothic: wīhan st. `dispute; fight', and-wīhan `conflict with'; *waihjō f. (n) `battle' (cf. Finn vaikia `troublesome')
Old Norse: vega st. `kämpfen; töten, rächen; gewinnen', vīg n. `Kampf; Totschlag', vega `strijden, doden'; veig f. `Kraft'
Norwegian: veiga `schwingen'; vig
Old Danish: veie vb.
Old English: wīgan `kämpfen, streiten', wǟgan `belästigen, quälen', ge-wegan `überwinden'
Old Frisian: wīg, wīch m. `Kampf', weigeria vb.
Old Saxon: wīg m. `Kampf', wēgian `belästigen, quälen', wīgand
Middle Dutch: weigher, wēgher `halsstarrig, gehecht aan, zuinig'; wīghen `vechten'; wijch `strijd'
Dutch: weigeren; vlam. weiger, wēger `overdreven spaarzam'
Middle Low German: wīch `Kampf'
Old High German: wīgan `kämpfen, streiten', ubar-wehan `überwinden'; wīc m. `Kampf', weigen `belästigen, quälen', weigar `sich widersetzend, stolz'
Middle High German: wīgen st. 'streiten, kämpfen', wider wehen st. 'kämpfen, sich widersetzen'; { anwīgen `angreifen' }; wīc (-g-) st. m., n. 'kampf, krieg, schlacht; anfechtung'; weiger st. f. 'das widerstreben'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2113
Root: u̯eik-2
English meaning: force, energy (victory, battle, etc.)
German meaning: `energische, bes. feindselige Kraftäußerung'
Derivatives: u̯oikā `Lebenskraft'
Material: Lat. vincō, -ere, vīci, victum `die Oberhand gewinnen, siegen; besiegen', pervicāx `hartnäckig, standhaft', osk. vincter `convincitur'; air. fichid `kämpft', dī-fich- `strafen', fīch m. `Zwist, Zorn', feuchuir `streng' (*u̯íkaris), feuchrae `Strenge' (unklar ist das ch in acymr. guich[i]r `wild'), fecht (*u̯iktā) `Kriegszug = acymr. guith, cymr. gwyth `Zorn', abret. uueith- in PN; gall. VN auf -vices (abrit. Ordo-vices `Hammerkämpfer'), PN Victo-valos usw.; mit Vollstufe Vēcti-rīx, Vēco-rīx = air. PN Fīachrai, Gen. Fīachrach (Ogam VECREC);
got. weihan `kämpfen', wigana Dat. Sg. `Kampf, Krieg'; ags. ahd. wīgan (ahd. nur im Part.wīgant, wīhant, gawigan `decrepitus', irwigan, confectus, `abgekämpft') `kämpfen, streiten', mhd. anwīgen `angreifen'; mhd. wīhen `schwächen', nhd. dial. sich weihen = `sich weigern', anweihen `anfechten'; aorist-präsentisch aisl. vega, vá `kämpfen, töten', ahd. ubarwehan `überwinden' (mit falschem Kons.), mhd. widerwehen `mit blanken Waffen kämpfen'; aisl. vēla (*vīhalian) `ordnen, sich mit etwas abgeben'; aisl. vīg, as. wīg, mnd. afr. wīch, ahd. wīc, wīg usw. `Kampf', aisl. Adj. vīgr `kampftüchtig', got. schwundstufig waihjō f. `Krieg, Kampf'; o-Stufe in germ. *waigō- f. `Kraft', davon abgeleitet as. wēgian, ags. wǣgan, ahd. weigen usw. `belästigen, quälen', norw. veiga `schwingen'; ein ro-Adj. ist ahd. weigar `sich widersetzend, stolz', mndl. weiger, wēger `widerwillig', davon ahd. weigarōn usw. `sich weigern';
lit. veikiù, veĩkti `etwas machen, arbeiten', apveikiù `bezwinge', pérveikiu `bewältige', véikus `geschwind', veiklùs `tätig, geschäftig', viẽkas `Kraft, Leben', vỹkis m. `Leben(digkeit)', vikrùs `munter'; lett. vèikt `ausrichten' usw.; veĩklis `hurtig, gesund', vīkt `gedeihen';
aksl. věkъ m. `Kraft, Lebensalter', čech. russ. věk ds.;
vielleicht hierher auch lat. vix `kaum, mit genauer Not', als `alle Kraft zusammennehmend'.
References: WP. I 232 f., WH. II 791 f., Trautmann 339, Vasmer 1, 179.
Pages: 1128-1129
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ī́k`è
Meaning: to be insolent, angry, flamed up
Russian meaning: быть дерзким, раздраженным, сердиться
Comments: See SKE 68 (in Kor. cf. also igɨrǝ-ǯida 'to act up, put on airs'). One of the numerous common Altaic verbs of emotion. Semantic match between Turkic, Mongolian and Japanese is straightforward ("to be angry, indignant"). In TM one has to suppose a shift > "to be insolent, obscene" > "sing obscene songs, blackguard" (Manchu), with further generalization > "sing" in other languages. In Korean we see a different semantic shift > "to put on airs, be haughty" > "to overcome". altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ēke- (~ ī-)
Meaning: to be insolent, quarrel
Russian meaning: быть дерзким, ссориться
Karakhanid: ike-, ikeš- (MK) Turkish: igeš-
Tatar: egeš-
Turkmen: īgen- 'to scold, growl at'
Yakut: eɣe 'faultfinding', eɣelē- 'to find faults'
Tuva: egen- 'to feel uncomfortable'
Kirghiz: egeš-
Kazakh: eges-
Noghai: eges-
Comments: EDT 101, 118-119. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-trm,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)egde-
Meaning: indignation
Russian meaning: негодование, возмущение
Written Mongolian: egdegüü (МХТТТ) Khalkha: egdǖ
Kalmuck: egdǖtǝ- 'to resent' (КРС 691) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ikē-
Meaning: 1 to sing 2 to sing obscene songs, blackguard
Russian meaning: 1 петь 2 петь непристойные песни, сквернословить
Evenki: ikē- 1
Even: ikē- 1
Negidal: ixē- 1
Literary Manchu: jeke- 2
Oroch: ike- 1
Udighe: jexe- 1
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ìkɨ́i-
Meaning: to overcome
Russian meaning: побеждать, превосходить
Modern Korean: igi-
Middle Korean: ìkɨ́i-, ìkí-
Comments: Nam 397, 398, KED 1319. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *íká-r-
Meaning: to be angry
Russian meaning: сердиться
Old Japanese: ika-r-
Middle Japanese: íká-r-
Tokyo: ìkar-, ikár-
Kyoto: íkár-
Kagoshima: ikár-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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