North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *boŋ-

Meaning : to run

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : boŋgnā "to run, run away, leave a place for good, keep clear of"

Malto : bon_g̣e "to run, flee"

Additional forms : Also KUR boŋgtaʔānā to make run, carry about or off with great speed, lose (by death or otherwise); MLT bon_g̣tre to cause to run, carry away.

Number in DED : 4473

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *boŋ-

Meaning : to run

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-North Dravidian : *boŋ-

Notes : Isolated NDR root with Nostratic parallels.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *bok[a]

Meaning: run

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *bheug- / *bhegʷ-

Altaic: *pok(`)i

Uralic: *pukta

Dravidian: *boŋ-

References: МССНЯ 330, ОСНЯ 1, 181; ND 183 *buk[U] (with some differences); 1685 *ṗu[ḲV]dV 'to run' (rather a derived form than a separate root).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *bheuge-, *bhūgh[e]-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to run, to escape

Old Greek: phéu̯gō, phüŋgánō, ft. phéu̯ksomai̯, aor. phügẹ̄̂n, pf. a. pépheu̯ga, m. ptc. pephügmɛ́no-, va. phüktó- `fliehen, entfliehen, in die Verbannung gehen, auf der Flucht, verbannt sein, gerichtlich verfolgt werden', phǘga-de `in die Flucht', phǘgda, -dǟn `auf der Flucht', phǘzda f. `(wilde) Flucht, Panik', phügǟ́ f. `Flucht, Verbannung', pró-, prós-phüks `fliehend, schutzsuchend', phǘksi-s f. `Flucht, Rettung'

Baltic: *bū̂g- vb. intr., *baug-u- adj., *būg-n-a- adj.

Germanic: *būg-a- vb.

Latin: fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitūrus tr., intr. `fliehen, entfliehen, landesflüchtig werden; enteilen, vergehen; verschmähen, ablehnen', fugitāre `fliehen, meiden'; fuga f. `Flucht'

Russ. meaning: убегать

References: WP II 144

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *bū̂g- vb. intr., *baug-u- adj., *būg-n-a- adj.

Meaning: be afraid

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: bū́gti (-sta, -ō) `erschrecken, in Schrecken geraten, Furcht bekommen', baugù- `ängstlich, furchtsam, Angst erregend, unheimlich, bange', baugìnti 'ängstigen, einschüchtern, schrecken'

Lettish: būgns (Oberlett.) 'schrecklich, ängstlich'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *būgan- vb.

Meaning: run away

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: fram-būgan `fliehen'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 251

Root: bheug-1

English meaning: to flee

German meaning: `fliehen'

General comments: nach Kretschmer (Gl. 30, 138) zu bheug(h)-2 (av. baog- in der intransitivien Bedeutung `sich retten')

Material: Gr. φεύγω (Aor. ἔφυγον, Perf. πέφευγα) `fliehe', φυγή f. (= lat. fuga) `Flucht', hom. φύζα (*φυγι̯α) ds., Akk. φύγα-δε `in die Flucht' vom Kons.-Stamm *φυγ-;

    vielleicht im ven. ON Φεύγαρον (Westdeutschl.) `Fluchtburg';

    lat. fugiō, fūgī, -ere `fliehe, enteile, verschmähe', fuga f. `Flucht';

    lit. bū́gstu, bū́gau, bū́gti intr. `erschrecken', kaus. baugìnti `jemd. erschrecken', baugùs `furchtsam'.

References: WP. II 144, 146, WH. I 556 f., Kretschmer Gl. 30, 138.

Pages: 152

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *póki ( ~ -k`-, -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to run, run away

Russian meaning: бежать, убегать

Mongolian: *bög-si-

Tungus-Manchu: *pukti-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss; high tone can be reconstructed because of Mong. *b-. Cf. perhaps also Jpn. coll. fuke- 'to run away, flee' (dubious because of very late fixation).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *bög-si-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to run (slowly), trot; run (as a hare)

Russian meaning: бежать, трусить, скакать

Written Mongolian: bögsi-

Kalmuck: bökšǝ-

Comments: KW 55. Cf. also Ord. bögö- id.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pukti-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to run, gallop

Russian meaning: бежать, мчаться

Evenki: hukti-

Even: hȫtu-

Negidal: xukti-

Spoken Manchu: fekǝši- (1232)

Literary Manchu: feksi- / fekče-

Ulcha: pukti-

Orok: pukči-

Nanai: pukči-

Oroch: xukti-

Udighe: xukti-

Solon: uktelī-

Comments: ТМС 2, 340-341. Cf. also Evk. hukulwa- 'to ride (along a path)'.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 821

Proto: *pukta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to jump, run

German meaning: hüpfen, laufen

Mari (Cheremis): pokte- (KB U B) 'treiben, verjagen, verfolgen'

Khanty (Ostyak): pot- (V) 'davonlaufen, entlaufen'

Hungarian: fut- 'laufen, fliehen; fließen'

Selkup: pakta- (Ta. Ke.) 'springen', (Ty.) 'id., hüpfen, laufen, rennen', pakti̮rti̮- (Tur.) 'über etwas springen'

Kamass: baktǝ- 'kommen' ?

Sammalahti's version: FU *pukta- (mit Lp ok`te-)

Yukaghir parallels: OC

References: Cf. ОСНЯ 181: *pok-ta, with a deriving stem *poke- / *pake- (SKES 470).

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVKV

Meaning : run

Eurasiatic : *bok[a]

Afroasiatic : *(ʔa-)bVḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : ST *Pjuk (~ -ok, -uak) 'expel, banish'

African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-pújuk- 'escape'; Sandawe bike 'to leave'.

Reference : МССНЯ 330, ОСНЯ 1, 181, ND 183, 1685; Guthrie ps. 406.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔa-)bVḳ-

Meaning: run away

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ʔVbiḳ- 'run away (of slaves)'

Berber: *bVḳVy- 'hurry, hasten'

Egyptian: bḳ 'run' (pyr)

Central Chadic: *ʔabVḳ- 'drive'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *buḳ- 'run away'

Saho-Afar: (?) *buk- 'running away'

Low East Cushitic: *baḳ- 'run away'

High East Cushitic: *baḳ- 'flee'

Omotic: *biḳ- 'run away'

Notes: Probably connected with Sem *bVḳaʕ- 'go away' (Arab bqʕ [-a-]).

Semitic etymology :

Number: 391

Proto-Semitic: *ʔVbiḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run away (of slaves)'

Arabic: ʔbq [-i-]

Notes: Cf. Arab bqʕ [-a-] 'go away'

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *bVḳVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hurry, hasten'

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): bbuqqi

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: bḳ

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run' (pyr)

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *ʔabaḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'drive'

Dghwede=Zǝɣwana: bákà [Kr: 115]

Mandara=Wandala: ʔabǝ̀kà [Kr: 91]

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *buḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run away'

Awiya (Aungi): buḳ-, buk-

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *buk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'running away'

Saho: buka, bukaa

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *baḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run away'1, 'flee' 2

Somali: baqa-d- 1

Oromo (Galla): baqa 2

Arbore: baqa-ḍ-

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *baḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'flee'

Darasa (Gedeo): baḳ-at-

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): baḳa-ḍ-

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *biḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run away'

Ometo: biḳ-ič-

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