South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *cid-

Meaning : to squeeze out; to injure

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : citai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to be injured, spoiled, be broken, become corrupt, prove untrue

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to injure, waste, destroy, ruin, demolish, kill, uproot; citai, citaivu injury, degeneracy, ruin, defeat, fault, defect; citaku (citaki-) to strip off, erase

Kannada : cidaku, ciduku

Kannada meaning : to squeeze the soaked pulse called avare with the fingers and thus remove the skin

Kannada derivates : (?) sindu, sendu to rub out, extinguish, destroy

Number in DED : 2526

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *čid-

Meaning : to crush; to gore

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *čid-

Proto-Telugu : *cid-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Cit-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *Sid-

Proto-North Dravidian : *cid-g-

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *cid-

Meaning : to be crushed, broken or smashed; break, burst

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : cituku

Dialectal forms (1) : ciduku

Additional forms : Also cidiyu to be broken, smashed or crushed, break; cidupa a bit, fragment, piece; cidupu to crush, smash, squeeze, break; cidumu to pinch, nip; [1] cidura, [2] cidurupa, [3] cidrupa a piece, bit, fragment

Number in DED : 2526

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Cit-

Meaning : to butt, gore

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : sit- (sitt-) "to thrust into hole, gore"

Naikri : śitt- "to pierce with horns"

Parji : citt- "to butt with horns, gore"

Salur Gadba : citt- "to insert (as flowers into a braid)"

Poya Gadba : sit- "to gore with horns"

Kondekor Gadba : sit- "to pierce"

Number in DED : 2527

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *Sid-

Meaning : to crush

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : sidli- (-t-)

Konda etymology :

Konda : sidli- (-t-)

Meaning: to be crushed (as an overripe fruit)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 2526

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *cid-g-

Meaning : to begin to rain drop by drop

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : cithge

Number in DED : 2524

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *SUTV (?)

Meaning: beat, hit

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *si̯utu

Uralic: *šajtta- 'throw'; + *s[o]ttV- 'beat, hit' [Coll. 121]

Kartvelian: ??? *sraṭ-

Dravidian: *cid-; + SDr *ǯāḍ- 'throw'

Comments: Drav. *cuttV 'hammer'

References: МССНЯ 1, 330 (Ur.-Drav.) [Cf. also ND 369 *ć̣ütV 'throw' - a very weak root, but maybe some forms can be related to PA *si̯utu?); ND 2134 *so/uṭu/ü 'beat, strike' (Ur. + TM + Drav. *cuttV + ??IE); ND 2150 *š[ayu]dV 'throw' (Ur. *šajtta + Drav. *ǯāḍ- + dub. Kartv. + Sem.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *si̯útu ( ~ *z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to throw out, push out

Russian meaning: выбрасывать, выталкивать

Mongolian: *side-

Tungus-Manchu: *sut-

Korean: *sòt-

Japanese: *súta-

Comments: Lee 1958, 117 (Kor.-TM).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *side-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to throw, fling

Russian meaning: бросать, кидать

Written Mongolian: side- (L 697)

Khalkha: šide-

Buriat: šede-

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sut-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to scatter, throw about 2 to hit out, push out

Russian meaning: 1 разбрасывать, рассыпать 2 вышибать, выбивать

Evenki: sutigā- 2

Literary Manchu: sota- 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 114, 131.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sòt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to throw out, pour out, empty

Russian meaning: выбрасывать, выливать, опустошать

Modern Korean: s:ot-

Middle Korean: sòt-

Comments: Nam 310, KED 990.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *súta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to throw out

Russian meaning: выбрасывать

Old Japanese: suta-

Middle Japanese: súta-

Tokyo: sùte-

Kyoto: súté-

Kagoshima: suté-

Comments: JLTT 760.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1625

Proto: *šajtta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to throw

German meaning: werfen, schleudern

Finnish: heittä- 'werfen, schleudern' ( > Saam. N hæi'te -it- 'give up, abolish; break with'', L heihtē- ~ häihtē- 'aufhören mit etw., etw. aufgeben', hĭei̮ɔtɛ- (Wfs.) 'lassen, verwerfen, wegschmeißen') ?

Estonian: heida- (heit-) 'werfen, legen' ?

Saam (Lapp): sātti- (S), sėtte-, sitte- (S) 'werfen, schleudern'

Komi (Zyrian): še̮t- (S P) 'Garben in die Getreidedarre einbringen; in Menge werfen (z. B. Schneebälle)', šȯt- (PO) 'das Getreide zum Dörren schichten'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *sraṭ-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: истреблять

English meaning: to exterminate

Georgian: sreṭ-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): истреблять

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to exterminate

Megrel: siroṭ-

Megrel meaning (Rus.): давить

Megrel meaning (Eng.): to press

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 165.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVTV

Meaning : beat, hit

Eurasiatic : *SUTV (?)

Afroasiatic : *siḥaṭ-

Sino-Caucasian : ? ST *sāt 'kill' (and some others?)

Austric : PAA *ce:t 'die, kill'

Reference : МССНЯ 1, 330 (Ur.-Drav.).

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *siḥaṭ-

Meaning: cut, slaughter

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *šVḥaṭ- 'slaughter'

Western Chadic: *sitt- 'cut' 1, 'slaughter' 2

Central Chadic: *sVt- 'cut branches'

East Chadic: *sēt- < *siHat- 'cut, trim'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1472

Proto-Semitic: *šVḥaṭ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'slaughter'

Hebrew: šḥṭ

Arabic: šḥṭ [-a-]

Mehri: šeḥāṭ

Harsusi: šeḥāṭ

Soqotri: šḥaṭ

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *siṭ[aṭ]-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cut' 1, 'slaughter' 2

Hausa: šìttā 1

Kifri=Giwo: šet- 2 [St]

Notes: Cf.Bol sott- [LBol],Ngz sǝ̀tú [ShN] 'to make sharp'

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *set-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cut branches'

Mafa=Matakam: šet- [BMaf]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *sēṭ- (< *siHVt-)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cut, trim'

Bidiya: sēt [JBid]

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