South Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *čaḷ-

Meaning : cold, chilly

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : caḷi

Tamil meaning : cold, chilliness

Tamil derivates : aḷi, taḷi coolness

Kannada : caḷi, cali, saḷi

Kannada meaning : coldness, cold, coolness, chill, frost, snow, etc.

Tulu : caḷi, cali, sali

Tulu meaning : cold, chilliness, shivering as in ague; cold, chilly

Tulu derivates : cavuḷi, cavuli cold

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) talli cold

Notes : Forms with s- in Kan. and Tulu are probably Tamil borrowings.

Number in DED : 2408

sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-misc,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *čaḷ-

Meaning : cold morning

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *čaḷ-

Proto-Telugu : *cal-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *SaL-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *CaL-

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *cal-

Meaning : cold, low temperature, sensation of cold, chilliness

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : cali

Additional forms : Also [1] calimiri, [2] caluva, [3] callana, [4] callãdamu coolness, cold; calla cool, cold; callãgā̆ in a cool or cold manner, calmly, gently; calidi rice cooked in the evening and kept for use in the following morning, stale food, breakfast

Number in DED : 2408

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *SaL-

Meaning : early morning

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Poya Gadba : calandi "cold rice serving for breakfast"

Additional forms : Also Salur (P) saldi early morning

Notes : The form calandi borrowed from SDR.

Number in DED : 2408

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *CaL-

Meaning : cool; early morning

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : salaŋ

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *cal-

Konda etymology :

Konda : salaŋ

Meaning: cold, cool

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : saldi "early morning"

Additional forms : Also Konda salva breakfast; saldi breakfast

Number in DED : 2408

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *cal-

Meaning : cool

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Israel) : salma

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Isr saldi mid-morning

Number in DED : 2408

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *CalV

Meaning: cold, wind

Altaic: *zăli (also *či̯òlú ( ~ t-) 'ice, hail' 244)

Uralic: PVg *šaĺ- 'hoar-frost'

Dravidian: *čaḷ- (or *ǯil- 'cold, chill')

Eskimo-Aleut: *cǝla

References: Probably 2 roots. ND 294 *C[a]ḷV ( = *ć̣[a]ḷV?) 'cold' (comparing Drav. *čaḷ- with Turk. Sib. čol 'icicle' and IE *(s)kel- > *xoldъ?); 392 *čaĺ(U)gV 'snow, hoar-frost' (Alt. *či̯olu + Ur. + Sem. *čalag-).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *zăli

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wind

Russian meaning: ветер

Turkic: *jẹl

Mongolian: *salki

Tungus-Manchu: *sal-di-

Korean: *sar-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 30, 285. Regular except for a somewhat unexpected closed *-ẹ- in Turkic.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jẹl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wind

Russian meaning: ветер

Old Turkic: jel (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jẹl (MK, KB)

Turkish: jel

Tatar: ǯil

Middle Turkic: jẹl (MA)

Uzbek: jel

Uighur: jäl

Sary-Yughur: jel

Azerbaidzhan: jel

Turkmen: jel

Khakassian: čil

Shor: čel

Oyrat: jel, d́el

Halaj: jel

Chuvash: śil

Yakut: sillie 'storm, whirlwind'

Kirghiz: ǯel

Kazakh: žel

Bashkir: jel

Balkar: žel

Karaim: jel

Karakalpak: žel

Salar: jel

Kumyk: jel

Comments: VEWT 195, EDT 916-917, ЭСТЯ 4, 174-175, Лексика 40. Bulg.> Hung. szél 'wind', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 705-706.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *salki

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wind

Russian meaning: ветер

Written Mongolian: salki(n) (L 665)

Khalkha: salxi

Buriat: halxi(n)

Kalmuck: sälkṇ, saĺkṇ

Ordos: salχin

Shary-Yoghur: salGǝn

Monguor: sarki (SM 329), (MGCD salkī)

Comments: KW 318, MGCD 591. Mong. > Turk. salqɨn 'cool day', Oyr. salqɨn etc., Kirgh. salqɨn 'wind' etc., see TMN 1, 341, VEWT 398, Щербак 1997, 209, Лексика 16, 41, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 94.

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sal-di-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cool wind

Russian meaning: ветер (прохладный)

Evenki: saldin

Comments: ТМС 2, 58. Attested only in Evk., but having probable external parallels.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gentle, cool (of wind)

Russian meaning: слабый, прохладный (о ветре)

Modern Korean: sallaŋ, sǝllǝŋ, salgiraŋ

Comments: KED 897.

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *cǝla

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: universe, atmosphere, weather

Russian meaning: вселенная, атмосфера, погода

Proto-Yupik: *cǝla ~ *ǝcla

Proto-Inupik: *cila

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 78

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *cǝla ~ *ǝcla

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: universe, atmosphere, weather, external world 1, area outside 2

Russian Meaning: вселенная, атмосфера, погода, внешний мир 1, снаружи 2

Sirenik: silá, //siɫa [Orr] 1, siɫta 2

Chaplino: sɫā, //ǝsɫa 1, ǝsɫatǝ ? 2

Naukan: //siɫa

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ɫa 1, [ɫātǝ 2]

Chugach (Birket-Smith): ƛa 1

Central Alaskan Yupik: [cǝɫatǝ-, ǝlatǝ- 2]

CAY Dialects: K, BB ǝɫa, UK, LI cǝɫa 1

Egegik (Peripheral): ciɫa 1

Chevak (Peripheral): ciɫa 1

Nunivak (Peripheral): sila*, ǝɫa 1

Norton Sound (Peripheral): cǝɫa 1

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 78

yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-cays,yupet-egeg,yupet-chev,yupet-nun,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *cịla

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: universe, atmosphere, weather, external world

Russian meaning: вселенная, атмосфера, погода, внешний мир

Seward Peninsula Inupik: sila

SPI Dialects: Imaq síla, W sila* (āk, ēt)

North Alaskan Inupik: siĺa

NAI Dialects: Bsiĺa*, Ingl sila*

Western Canadian Inupik: sila

WCI Dialects: Cor hila*, x́ila*, M sila*

Eastern Canadian Inupik: sila

Greenlandic Inupik: sila (sila*), silānnaq (ʁ) 'air'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 78

inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,