South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *sāŋk-

Meaning : to foster, rear

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : sāku

Kannada meaning : to bring up, foster, rear, nurse, keep, protect, preserve; n. bringing up, fostering, etc.

Kannada derivates : sākisu to cause to bring up, etc.

Kodagu : cāk- (cāki-)

Kodagu meaning : to rear (child, young animal)

Tulu : sāŋkuni

Tulu meaning : to foster, nourish, nurse, bring up, take care of, protect, shelter

Tulu derivates : caus. sāŋkāvuni; sāŋkaṇè fostering, nursing, nourishing, bringing up, adoption

Proto-Nilgiri : *sāk-

Number in DED : 2427

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *sāk-

Meaning : to rear

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : cāk- (cāyk-) "to make to grow, rear, support"

Toda : sōk- (sōky-) "to rear (in songs)"

Additional forms : Also Kota ? cākn tameness (but not really tractable or domesticated)

Number in DED : 2427

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *sā(ŋ)k-

Meaning : to rear, bring up

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *sāŋk-

Proto-Telugu : *sāŋk-

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *sāŋk-

Meaning : to rear, bring up, foster, educate, train up

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : sā̃ku

Additional forms : Also sā̃kuḍu rearing, bringing up

Number in DED : 2427

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *cwVnkV

Meaning: to help

Altaic: *čaŋgu 'gift, loan'

Uralic: *čäŋkV 'helfen'

Kartvelian: *ć̣en-

Dravidian: *sāŋk- 'to rear'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *čaŋgu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: gift, loan

Russian meaning: дар, одалживание

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯaŋ(g)-

Japanese: *tu(n)ku-

Comments: A Tungus-Japanese isogloss; not quite secure because of sparse attestation in TM.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯaŋ(g)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 be in need, straitened 2 loan, as a loan

Russian meaning: 1 терпеть нужду 2 долг, взаймы

Literary Manchu: ǯaŋGala- 1

Solon: ǯan-da, ǯan-či 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 249.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tu(n)ku-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 toll, tribute 2 to compensate, reimburse

Russian meaning: 1 пошлина, дань 2 компенсировать, вознаграждать

Old Japanese: tuki 1

Middle Japanese: mí-túki-mono 1, tùkùnóf- 2

Tokyo: mìtsugi 1, tsuguná- 2

Kyoto: mítsúgí 1, tsúgúná- 2

Kagoshima: mitsúgi 1, tsuguná- 2

Comments: JLTT 482, 772. Accent variation is not quite clear: the noun points to high tone, the verb - rather to low tone (although their relationship can hardly be doubted).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 105

Proto: *čäŋkV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to help

German meaning: helfen

Mordovian: čaŋgod́e- (E) 'helfen' ?

Hungarian: segít- ?

Yukaghir parallels: čaŋ, čeŋ 'helfen'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ć̣en-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: приглашать

English meaning: to invite

Georgian: Old Georg. c̣ana

Georgian meaning (Rus.): званый пир

Georgian meaning (Engl.): feast, banquet

Megrel: č̣an-

Laz: č̣and-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 249.

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