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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *sāl-
Meaning : abundant, full
Tamil : cāl (cālv-, cān_r_-)
Tamil meaning : to be abundant, full, be suitable, fitting, be great, noble; be sufficient; n. fullness, abundance
Tamil derivates : cālpu excellence, nobility; cān_r_ōr the great, the noble
Malayalam : cāla
Malayalam meaning : richly, fully
Kannada : sāl, sālu
Kannada meaning : to be sufficient or enough, suffice
Number in DED : 2470
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *sāl-
Meaning : to be able; sufficient
Proto-South Dravidian: *sāl- Notes : Kolami sāl- might be borrowed from Tel.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *cāl-
Meaning : to be able, capable, bear, endure, be enough, sufficient; n. sufficiency
Telugu : cālu
Additional forms : Also cāla abundant, abundantly; cālika ability; cālami insufficiency, inability
Number in DED : 2470
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sāl- (*ć-)
Meaning : to be able
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : sāl- "to be able, can"
Number in DED : 2470
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sāl-
Meaning : complete; to be able
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *sāl-
Meaning : complete; able
Muria Gondi : hālna "completely"
Koya Gondi : āl- "(Su.) to be able"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu hālnahk until it is complete
Number in DED : 2470
Number in CVOTGD : 3542
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : sāl- (-it-)
Meaning: to be capable of, be suitable
Number in DED : 2470
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sāl-
Meaning : to suffice, be enough to
Kuwi (Schulze) : hāl-
Number in DED : 2470
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *cwalV
Meaning: to suffice, be full
References: ND 2047 *s̄al̄u 'intact' (? IE + Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *salw-/-o-, *slōw-
Meaning: safe, healthy
Tokharian: A salu `ganz', B solme
Old Indian: sárva- `whole, entire, all'; sárvata- `all-sided', sarváthā `in every way'
Avestan: haurva- `unversehrt, ganz'; haurvatāt- `Ganzheit, Vollkommenheit, Wohlfahrt'
Other Iranian: OPers haruva- `unversehrt, ganz'
Armenian: olǯ `gesund, ganz, vollständig', lav `besser'
Old Greek: att. hólo-, ep., ion. ọ̄̂lo- `vollständig, ganz'; lōíōn, att. lṓi̯ōn `vorzüglich(er), zuträglich(er), erwünscht, besser'
Latin: salvus, -a `wohlbehalten, heil, gesund, gerettet', salūs, -ūtis f. `Unverletztheit, Gesundheit'; solidus, -a `gediegen, echt, fest, unerschütterlich, ganz', solōx, -ōcis `dicht, filzig', sollus, -a `tōtus', sollemnis `alljährlich wiederkehrend'; sollers, -tis `ganz kunstbegabt, geschickt erfinderisch, verschlagen'
Other Italic: Osk salavs `salvus ~ Salvus'; Paelign Salavatur `Salvātor'; Umbr saluvom, salvom `salvum'
Celtic: *holio- > OIr (h)uile `ganz, all', Cymr (h)oll `ganz, all', Corn oll `ganz, all', Bret (h)oll `ganz, all'; OIr slān `heil, gesund, ganz, voll'
Albanian: i gjallë `im Leben, lebendig'
Russ. meaning: целый, здоровый (2 корня ?)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: сулей
Near etymology: "лучше", церк., только др.-русск. сулѣи, ст.-слав. соулѣи βελτίων, κρείττων (Супр., Ассем., Остром.), соулѥ естъ συμφέρει (Супр.), цслав. сулѣти сѧ, сулити сѧ φυσιοῦσθαι, сюда же польск. sowity "обильный".
Further etymology: По-видимому, родственно лит. šulnas "видный, превосходный", далее -- др.-инд. c̨ū́ras "сильный, храбрый", c̨ávīras "сильный, могучий", греч. κῦρος ср. р. "сила, мощь", ἄκῡρος "без силы", κύ̄ριος "господин", кимр. саwr "великан"; см. Мейе, Ét. 413; Цупица, ВВ 25, 93; Вайан, RЕS 9, 6. Греч. σαῦλος "нежный, изнеженный", σαυνός (то же) не связано с нашим словом, вопреки Цупице. Не является более вероятным сравнение с лат. sōlor, -ārī "утешать, ободрять", гот. sēls "добрый", д.-в.-н. sâlig "счастливый, блаженный", лат. salvus "здоровый, целый", греч. ὅλος "целый", др.-инд. sárvas "невредимый, целый" (Торп 436; Горяев, ЭС 353). Ср. сули́ть.
Pages: 3,800
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1819
Root: solo-, sol(e)u̯o-
English meaning: whole, integrate
German meaning: u. dgl. `wohlbehalten, ganz'
Material: Ai. sárva- `unversehrt, ganz, all, jeder', av. haurva-, ар. haruva- `unversehrt, ganz' (= gr. ὅλος, οὖλος, alb. gjalë, vgl. auch lat. salvus), ai. sarvā́tat(i)- `Unversehrtheit, Wohlfahrt, Heil', av. haurvatāt- `Ganzheit, Vollkommenheit, Wohlfahrt' (= gr. ὁλότης); arm. olj (*soli̯o-) `gesund, ganz, vollständig'; gr. att. ὅλος, ion. οὖλος (*ὁλος) `vollständig, ganz', Vok. οὖλε (: lat. salvē aus *salvĕ) durch Umdeutung zu einem Imperativ); daneben mit vollerer Formansstufe ὁλοός (aus *ὁλεός), ὁλοει̃ται ὑγιαίνει Hes.; alb. gjalë `kräftig, fett, munter', ngjal `belebe, heile, mäste' (*solu̯o-); schwundstufig: lat. salvus `heil, gesund, gerettet', salvē (s. oben), umbr. sal(u)uom `salvum', osk. salavs `salvus', päl. Salauatur PN `Salvator' aus *salvo- (*saluu̯o- oder *salou̯o- = gr. ὁλοός), lat. salūs, -tis `Unverletztheit, Gesundheit, Wohlergehen', salū-bris `der Gesundheit zuträglich', Sallustius (mit gedehntem -ll-); daneben *solos in soli-dus, soldus `dicht = gediegen, massiv' und `fest, vollständig, ganz', solōx `dicht, filzig', solidāre `festmachen', päl. solois `omnibus';
ital. *sollos (*sol-no-) in altlat. sollus `totus et solidus', lat. sollers, sollemnis usw., osk. sullus `omnes'; aber cymr. bret. holl, oll, corn. oll `ganz, all', gehören zu air. oll (oben S. 24); toch. A salu `vollständig', В sol-me `ganz'.
References: WP. II 510 ff., WH. II 471 ff., 555 ff.;
See also: vielleicht im Ablaut zu sēl-, oben sel-6 S. 900.
Pages: 979-980
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-seealso,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *čā́lo
Meaning: full, fill
Russian meaning: полный, наполнять
Comments: Martin 243, JOAL 133-137, Miller 1981, 853, 858, 863; 1986, 195-196, АПиПЯЯ 13, 45-46, 75, 282, Дыбо 12. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *dōl-
Meaning: full
Russian meaning: полный
Old Turkic: tolu (OUygh.)
Turkish: dolu
Tatar: tulɨ
Uzbek: tụla
Uighur: tola, tolɣan
Sary-Yughur: tolo
Azerbaidzhan: dolu
Turkmen: dōlɨ
Khakassian: tol- (v.)
Shor: tol-dɨr- (v.)
Oyrat: tolo
Halaj: tūol- (v.)
Chuvash: tol- (v.), tolli
Yakut: tuol- (v.), toloru
Dolgan: tuol- (v.), toloru
Tuva: dolu
Tofalar: dolu
Kirghiz: tolo
Kazakh: tolɨ
Noghai: tolɨ
Bashkir: tulɨ
Balkar: tolu
Gagauz: dolu
Karaim: tolɨ
Karakalpak: tolɨ
Salar: doli(:); t`olɨ (Kakuk); tōl- v. (ССЯ) Kumyk: tolu
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *del-
Meaning: 1 full, abundant, wide 2 to expand 3 wide, broad
Russian meaning: 1 полный, обильный, обширный 2 расширяться 3 обширный, широкий
Written Mongolian: delger 1 (L 249), delge-, dele-, deli- 2 (L 248, 249, 250), delegei 3 (L 248: delegüü) Middle Mongolian: delger 1, delge- 2, delike (HY 54), delegai 3 (SH) Khalkha: delger 1, delge-, dele- 2, delxij, delǖ 3
Buriat: delger
Kalmuck: delgṛ 1, del- 2
Ordos: delger 1
Dagur: delgere-, delgē- (Тод. Даг. 136: delge-, delgere-) Shary-Yoghur: delgeri, delgē-
Monguor: derge- 'éteindre, déployer, étaler, dérouler' (SM 52), dǝlge- Comments: KW 86, MGCD 214, 215. Mong. > Yak. delegej, delej; > Oroch dele, Ul. delen, Nan. dele, delekũ, Man. deleǯen 'open space' (ТМС 1, 233, 234). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯalu(-m)
Meaning: full
Russian meaning: полный
Evenki: ǯalum
Even: ǯalụ-
Negidal: ǯalum
Spoken Manchu: ǯalū (2629)
Literary Manchu: ǯalu-
Jurchen: ǯaw-lu-xa (726)
Ulcha: ǯalụ(n)
Orok: dalụmǯị
Nanai: ʒalo
Oroch: ǯalu-
Solon: ǯalụ̃
Comments: Derived from PTM *ǯalu- 'to fill, be filled'. See. ТМС 1, 247. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *čăra-
Meaning: be sufficient, enough
Russian meaning: быть достаточным
Modern Korean: čara-
Middle Korean: čăra-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tár-
Meaning: be sufficient, full
Russian meaning: б. достаточным, полным, хватать
Old Japanese: tar-
Middle Japanese: tar-
Tokyo: tàri-
Kyoto: tárí-
Kagoshima: tarí-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1218
Proto: *ćilV
English meaning: all; whole
German meaning: alles; ganz
Mari (Cheremis): cilä (KB), U B ćǝ̑la 'alle, alles', (Ramst.) KB cǝlt 'alles, ganz und gar' ?
Udmurt (Votyak): č́i̮lk-ak (S) 'im ganzen, rein', (Wichm.) G ćil'k-ak: ć. med u̇śoz 'mögen (die Körner) gleich herausfallen', (Wichm.: FUF 6:35) M č́i̮lk-ak 'ganz und gar, gänzlich', S č́i̮lki̮t 'rein, klar' ?
Komi (Zyrian): ćiĺ (PO) 'совсем, совершенно'
K. Redei's notes: Wotj. k ist ein Ableitungssuffix, ak eine Verstärkungspartikel. Syrj. l' wurde unter dem assimilierenden Einfluß des ć aus früherem *l palatalisiert.
References: Wichmann: FUF 6: 35; Toivonen: FUF 20:59; Lytkin: SFU 2:120; ESK
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-redei,uralet-lit,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ciɫǝ-m- (~ *cǝlǝ-m-)
Meaning: full, to fill
Russian meaning: полный, наполнять
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 79
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *cǝɫǝ-m-
Meaning: full 1, all 2, to fill 2
Russian Meaning: полный 1, весь, целиком 2
Sirenik: //simɫǝqaʁ- 1, simlaχtǝ- 3 [Men., Orr]
Chaplino: sɫǝ́qŋalʁi 1, sɫǝ́qaqā 3, 'to execute'
Nunivak (Peripheral): ǝɫm_aʁ- 2, 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 79
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *cilǝ[m]- (~ -v-, -ŋ-)
Meaning: to have a full stomach 1, to fill completely 2
Russian meaning: полный (о желудке) 1, наполнять до конца 2
North Alaskan Inupik: siĺivɨt- 1, 2
WCI Dialects: Car hiliŋu- 1 [Schn.]
Eastern Canadian Inupik: siliC- 'to leave the rest (having had enough', silinniku 'remainder, leftover'
Greenlandic Inupik: siɫɫima- 'ready', siɫɫimmaʁ- 'to make ready', siɫɫimmat 'spare, sth. kept in readiness, insurance'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 79
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-nai,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVLV
Meaning : whole, full
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʒó̆ɫV
Meaning: to save, assist
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʒ_ŏɫV
Meaning: healthy, whole
Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝza Notes: Correspondences are regular (except -r- in PD, which is not clear). The WC form has a frequent labial prefix. Cf. also Hurr. šawlǝ 'health, prosperity' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 38), suggesting perhaps PEC *ʒ_ŏwɫV.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=Vc̣:Vl-
Meaning: wholly, entirely
Avar: =úc̣:ala-b-go
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: c̣ullu-
Meaning: healthy; whole, undamaged
Lak form: c̣ullu-s:a
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *zara-
Meaning: healthy, whole
Akusha: ara-si
Comments: Cf. also Ur. ara, Tsud. zara-se.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝza
Meaning: alive, living
Abkhaz: a-bzá
Abaza: bza
Comments: PAT *bǝza (cf. also Bzyb. a-bzá).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *cāj ( ~ ʒh-, -l)
Meaning: help, assist
Burmese: ćhai to save.
Comments: Cf. Austric: PAA *ʒuaj 'help', Tai ʒuaj.B id.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 佐
Modern (Beijing) reading: zuǒ
Preclassic Old Chinese: cājʔs
Classic Old Chinese: cājh
Western Han Chinese: cājh
Eastern Han Chinese: cǟh
Early Postclassic Chinese: cǟ̀
Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǟ̀
Late Postclassic Chinese: cǟ̀
Middle Chinese: cầ
English meaning : to help, assist, aid
Russian meaning[s]: 1) помогать; помощник; вспомогательный; 2) употребляется при обозначении старших офицерских чинов в японской и других иностранных армиях
Comments: Morphologically derived from 左 *cājʔ q.v. (but semantically "assist" seems to be the original meaning).
Radical: 9
Four-angle index: 105
Karlgren code: 0005 e
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *solhi
Meaning: 1 luck, fortune 2 (propitious) moment 3 omen 4 ripe, mature 5 nimble, agile, keen (sense) 6 sore, inflamed
Bizkaian: zori 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; zoli 4, 5, 6
Gipuzkoan: zori 1, 2, 4
High Navarrese: zori 1, 2, 4
Low Navarrese: zori 1, 2, 4
Lapurdian: zori 1, 2, zorhi 4
Zuberoan: zórhi 1, 2
Roncalese: zori 2, 4
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,
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