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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tēr_-
Meaning : clear; true, evident
Tamil : tēr_u (tēr_i-)
Tamil meaning : to be accepted as true, be clarified, made clear as water, be strengthened, recover from swooning or intoxication, be thorough, accomplished, mature (as the mind), reach perfection, thrive as vegetation, be comforted, consoled, cheer up, be successful in examination, prove, result, amount to (as profit), trust, confide, believe in, decide; n. clearness, certainty
Tamil derivates : tēr_unar the learned, trustworthy persons; tēr_a thoroughly; tēr_al clearness, pure, clarified toddy, honey, clarified juice; tēr_in_ar tested or tried friends; tēr_in_avan_ person of experience, one well-versed in an art, an adept; tēr_r_u (tēr_r_i-) to make clear, convince, assure, relieve from doubt, know, understand, swear, take an oath, clear, clarify, refine, comfort, console, cure, give relief, communicate strength, nourish, cherish, invigorate, encourage; n. making clear, becoming clear; tēr_r_am certainty, assurance, determination, clearness, presence of mind, comfort, consolation, thriving, luxuriant growth; tēr_r_an_ person of true knowledge; tēr_r_ā, tēr_r_u, tēr_u clearing-nut tree; tēr_r_āŋ-koṭṭai clearing nut; ter_r_al clear-sighted person; ter_r_-en_a clearly; ter_r_-en_avu certainty, clearness; tēṭṭai clearness, transparency, clear water
Malayalam : tēr_uka
Malayalam meaning : to be strengthened, thrive, mend, recover, believe
Malayalam derivates : tēr_al clearness, thriving, certainty, thought, nectar; tēr_r_am firmness, faith, trust; tēr_r_uka to make strong; tēr_r_āmaram Strychnos potatorum
Kannada : tēṭa, tēṭe
Kannada meaning : clearness, purity (as that of water, etc.)
Kannada derivates : tēru to reach as the end; (the object) to be reached, be successful as in an examination; tērgaḍe, tērugaḍe success (in an examination); terpar_, teppar_ to become conscious, recover one's senses, recover from fainting; animate; teppar_isu, ṭeppar_isu to recover one's senses, become conscious, start up, awake
Kodagu : tē̈r- (tē̈ruv-, tē̈nd-)
Kodagu meaning : (man) becomes full-grown
Tulu : tēṭụ
Tulu meaning : pure, clear
Tulu derivates : tērgaḍè settlement, conclusion, acquittal, passing (an examination)
Notes : Kannada and Tulu forms are dubious. All forms with -ṭ- are obviously borrowed from Telugu, since this is not a regular reflexation; forms with plain -r- are either dialectal or borrowed as well.
Number in DED : 3471
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *tēr_-
Meaning : well, satisfactory
Kota : tēr- (tēry-) "to be found satisfactory in one's actinns; dawn (with subject nāṛ; country becomes clear)"
Toda : tȫr_- (tȫr_y-) "to improve (in health, wealth)"
Additional forms : Also Kota tērc- (tērc-) to make (day) dawn; Toda tȫt_- (tȫt_y-) to make improve (in health, wealth); tēl- (tēd_-) to recover (ǖr life) slowly after swoon; do work; nōṭyɵēl- (ɵēd_-) to perform the sweeping ceremony (for nōṭy, see 3587 and TGT, text 56)
Number in DED : 3471
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tēr_-
Meaning : 1 to accomplish; to finish 2 to clear
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *tēr_-/*tēṭ-
Meaning : clearness, purity, transparency, any clear liquid, the thin and clear upper stratum of a liquid, brightness, liveliness, cheerfulness; clear, pure, bright, lively, cheerful, plain, simple, clear, evident, manifest
Telugu : tēṭa
Additional forms : Also [1] tēr_u, [2] tēru to become clear or free from suspended matter, clarify, settle; recover from an illness, injury, shock, etc., convalesce; tēr_i cūcu to look steadily or earnestly, gaze; [1] tēr_ucu, [2] tērcu to make clear, clarify, settle; tēr_ugaḍa settlement, conclusion, completion, end; tēlu to be the outcome or result, be settled or decided, terminate, succeed, be successful; [1] teppir_ilu, [2] teppir_illu, [3] teppir_u to recover from an illness, injury, misfortune, shock, etc., convalesce or be convalescent
Number in DED : 3471
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tēr- (*-r_-)
Meaning : to clear
Kondekor Gadba : tērsap- "to clear (as a liquid)"
Number in DED : 3471
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tēr- (*-r_-)
Meaning : to finish
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *tēr-
Meaning : to be finished
Koya Gondi : tēr-
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ko tērsp- to finish (tr.); Gondi_Ko (T) tērs- to filter
Number in DED : 3471
Number in CVOTGD : 1791
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭVrṗV
Meaning: pleasure, satisfaction
References: МССНЯ 370; ND 2436 *ṭ[e]RPV 'to devour, be sated' (+ Sem.). [In ND 2420 Drav. *tēr_- 'to clear' is compared with Georg. tetr- 'white' and Sem. *ṭhr-]. For IE *terp- 'need' ND 2436a *ṭ[o]R[P_]V compares OTurk. torpun 'seeking', torpla- 'try to find out'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *terp-
Meaning: to have a good food, to prosper
Old Indian: tŕ̥pyati, tr̥pṇóti, tr̥mpáti `to satisfy oneself, be pleased with'; tŕ̥pti- f. `satisfaction, contentment'
Avestan: ɵrąfδa- `befriedigt, zufriedengestellt, ausreichend womit versehen', ɵrąfs- n. `Zufriedenheit'
Old Greek: térpomai̯, aor. ep. conj. 1 pl. tarpṓmetha, tetárpeto, tetá́rpasasthai̯, pass. tarpē̂nai, tarphthē̂nai̯, terphthē̂nai̯ `sich sättigen, sich erquicken, sich ergötzen, geniessen', térpō, aor. térpsai̯ `sättigen, eerquicken, ergötzen'; terpnó- `ergötzlich, erfreulich', térpsi-s f. `Ergötzung, Genuss', pl. térpea n. `id.'
Russ. meaning: сытно есть, процветать
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: то́роп
Near etymology: "поспешность", также то́роп м., торо́па м., торопы́га м. "торопливый человек", второпя́х (преобразовано из *въ торопѣхъ; см. Соболевский, Лекции 178), торопи́ть, торопе́ть, торопли́вый.
Further etymology: Праслав. *tоrр-, первонач. "поворотливый, проворный", сравнивают с греч. τρέπω "повертываю", аор. ἔτραπον, аор. страд. ἐτράπην, лат. trepit "vertit", др.-инд. trápatē "стыдится, приходит в смущение", первонач. "отворачивается", tr̥prás "беспокойный"; см. Штрекель, AfslPh 28, 503; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 702; Перссон 954. Если считать исходным знач. "сила, энергия", то тогда возможно родство с лит. tarpà "процветание, рост", лтш. tãrpa "сила, способность", tārps "дюжий", лит. tar̃pti, tarpstù "процветать, разрастаться", др.-инд. tŕ̥pyati, tr̥pṇṓti, tárpati "насыщается, получает удовлетворение", др.-прусск. еntеrро "полезно", еntеrроn, еntеrреn -- то же, греч. τέρπω "насыщаю, радую"; см. об этих словах, без слав., Траутман, ВSW 314; М.--Э. 4, 149 и сл. Но см. торопи́ть.
Trubachev's comments: [Относительно возможных звукоподражательных связей см. Копечный, Езиков. изследв. Младенов, стр. 378. -- Т.]
Pages: 4,85
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *tar̂p-ā̂ (1/2) f., *terp-ā̂ (1) f.
Meaning: prosper, be strong
Lithuanian: tarpà `Gedeihen, Wachstum, Entwicklung, Fortschritt', tar̃pti (tar̃psta, -ō) `gedeihen, zunehmen, in Wachstum geraten (von Menschen, Tieren, Pflanzen), gesund werden'
Lettish: tãrpa `Kraft, Vermögen, Fähigkeit; was gute Hoffnung gibt; Gedeihen, Wachstum', tę̃rpa 'Kraft'
Old Prussian: enterpo `nutzt', enterpon, enterpen `nützlich'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2005
Root: terp-, trep-
English meaning: to be satiated, satisfied
German meaning: `sich sättigen, genießen'
Derivatives: tr̥p-ti-s `Bedürfnis, Sättigung'
Material: Ai. tṛ́pyati, tr̥pṇóti, tr̥mpáti, tarpati `sättigt sich, wird befriedigt', Kaus. tarpáyati `sättigt, befriedigt', tr̥ptí-, tŕ̥pti- f. `Sättigung, Befriedigung', av. ɵrąfδa- `befriedigt, ausreichend versehen' (*tramptha-: ai. tr̥mpáti), ɵrąfs- n. `Zufriedenheit'; npers. tulf `Übersättigung'(*tr̥fra-); vielleicht auch ai. -tr̥p- `stehlend', av. tarǝp- `stehlen', mpers. tirft `Diebstahl', sogd. cf- `stehlen' (`sich des Besitzes erfreuen'?); gr. τέρπω `sättige, erfreue', τέρπομαι `freue mich'; τέρψις `Befriedigung'; vielleicht got. þrafstjan `trösten, ermahnen', anaþrafstjan `erquicken, zur Ruhe kommen lassen' (zu *þrafsta-, idg. *trop-sto-?); auch die Gruppe got. þaúrban (þarf, þaúrbum, Prät. þaúrfta) `bedürfen', aisl. þurfa (þarf, þurfum), ahd. durfan (darf, durfum) ds., got. þarbs `bedürftig, nötig', aisl. þarfr `nützlich', þarfi `nötig', got. þarba `Mangel, Dürftigkeit', aisl. þǫrf f. `Bedarf, Nutzen', ags. ðearf `Bedürfnis, Nutzen', ahd. darba `Entbehrung, Mangel', got. þaúrfts f. `Bedürfnis' (= ai. tr̥pti-), aisl. þurft, ahd. durft ds.?; die Bed.-Entwicklung könnte gewesen sein `woran Befriedigung finden - bedürfen' (vgl. oben S. 173 lat. fruor (ge)brauche);
lit. tarpà `Gedeihen, Wachstum', tarpstù, tar̃pti `gedeihen, zunehmen', lett. tārpa `was gute Hoffnung gibt, Gedeihen, Wachstum', tērpinât `verbessern', apr. enterpo `nützt', enterpon, enterpen `nützlich';
toch. AB tsārw- `sich freuen' (Pedersen Toch. Sprachgesch. 19).
References: WP. I 736 f., Trautmann 314, Vasmer 3, 125 f., 134, Mayrhofer 1, 523 f.
Pages: 1077-1078
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`èp`à
Meaning: to endure, abstain
Russian meaning: терпеть, воздерживаться
Comments: The parallel seems plausible, with the semantic developments *'endure' > 'envy'; *'endure' > 'shun, abstain'.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *TEpiŕ
Meaning: envy
Russian meaning: зависть
Karakhanid: tepiz, tepze- 'to envy' (MK, KB) turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tebči-
Meaning: to abstain from, abandon
Russian meaning: воздерживаться от, покидать
Written Mongolian: tebči- (L 789) Middle Mongolian: tebči- 'hingeben' (HYt) Khalkha: tewči-
Buriat: tebše-
Kalmuck: tewč- 'to endure' (КРС) Ordos: debči-
Comments: Mong. > Manchu tebči- 'to endure, to suffer' (see Rozycki 204). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tàpá-
Meaning: to endure
Russian meaning: терпеть
Old Japanese: tapa-
Middle Japanese: tàfá-
Tokyo: taé-
Kyoto: tàè-
Kagoshima: tàè-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1662
Proto: *terV
English meaning: to feed, raise
German meaning: ernähren, erziehen
Mordovian: t́ŕa-, t́iŕa- (E M), tiŕa- (E) 'ernähren'
Komi (Zyrian): te̮rśi̮- (S V) 'essen, speisen', ? te̮ral- 'заботливо ухаживать за кем-л., выхаживать кого-л.'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-kom,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭrp-
Russian meaning: наслаждаться, любить
English meaning: to enjoy, like
Georgian: ṭrp-
Notes and references: Иллич-Свитыч (МССHЯ 370) сравнивает основу с ПИЕ *terp- 'насыщаться, получать удовольствие'. Климов (1994, 194-195) считает картв. форму заимствованной, для чего как будто бы нет оснований.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVRPV
Meaning : satisfaction
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-dúúd- 'become full'.
Notes : Perhaps more than one root; in ST cf. also *tĕp ( ~ d-) 'fear, be confused'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *tVpV̄ ( ~ -b-)
Meaning: taste, eat
Comments and references : NSC 63 *tV(r)ṗV ( ~ -b-). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *thV̄p
Meaning: eat, taste
Tibetan: stob (p. bstab, f. bstob, i. stob) to feed, to put into another's mouth.
Burmese: twap to nibble, as a fish at a bait.
Lushai: tep to eat noisily.
Comments: Coblin 146 reconstructs the OCh. form as *snēp and compares it to Tib. sńab-pa to taste, savor.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 呫
Modern (Beijing) reading: chè
Preclassic Old Chinese: thēp
Classic Old Chinese: thēp
Western Han Chinese: thjāp
Eastern Han Chinese: thiāp
Early Postclassic Chinese: thiēp
Middle Postclassic Chinese: thiēp
Late Postclassic Chinese: thiēp
Middle Chinese: thiep
English meaning : to taste
Russian meaning[s]: пробовать (на вкус)
Radical: 30
Four-angle index: 1249
Karlgren code: 0618 p
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *dop
Meaning: to drink, eat
Ket: urɔ́ 'drink, drinking'; Bak., Sur. udɔ́ id.; (Werner 1, 200) d-a-b-dɔp 'I drink it'
Yug: udɔp 'drink, drinking', (Werner 1, 200) dɔp / dɔf 'drink'
Kottish: tōp "eating", tōpākŋ "eat"
Comments: ССЕ 223. The Ket-Yug forms should be probably analyzed as *xu(r)-dop "to eat water". Pump. duždop (Срсл., Кл.) "drink" is in reality a Yug form. See Werner 1, 200 *dop. In Ket and Yug there is some confusion between the reflexes of *dop 'eat' and *ʔop- 'drink' (q.v.), but the Kottish evidence seems to distinguish them clearly enough.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *tVp
Meaning: to bite
Proto-Austroasiatic: *tVp bite (Peiros 1989)
Proto-Austronesian: *keteb, *ketep
Austronesian meaning: bite
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-an,austr-anme,
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