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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *poḍ-
Meaning : to fight
Telugu : poḍucu
Additional forms : Also pōṭu battle
Number in DED : 4252
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *poḍ-
Meaning : 1 to winnow, beat 2 to fight
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *pUḍ-ai-
Meaning : to winnow; to strike
Tamil : puṭai (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to winnow, thresh, beat, strike, beat (drum), flap (wings); n. blow
Tamil derivates : puṭaippu stroke, sifting
Kannada : poḍe
Kannada meaning : to strike, beat, throw (as a stone), drive (cattle, cart), beat off, prevent, fell (a tree); n. beating, etc.
Kannada derivates : (PBh.) poḍar to tremble; poḍarpu trembling, quivering
Kodagu : poḍa- (poḍap-, poḍat-)
Kodagu meaning : to flutter quickly to and fro (hen with head cut off, persons struggling on ground, mouth in chewing)
Tulu : puḍepuni, poḍepuni
Tulu meaning : to winnow, fan
Tulu derivates : poḍụtoṇuni to struggle, strive, flutter, flap the wings, bustle, be in a hurry; puḍipuni quarrel, fight
Number in DED : 4252
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *poḍ-
Meaning : to winnow
Kota : poṛc- (poṛc-) "to winnow (rice) with long up-and-down strokes to remove the husks after pestling"
Toda : puṛf- (puṛt-) "to winnow, flap (a branch of leaves in cleaning house, in wiping off Kurumba witchcraft), (waterfall) dashes down, (fever) attacks"
Additional forms : Also Toda puṛ beating; tomk/tobk waḍ- (waḍɵ-) to beat drum, publish by drum (< Badaga; see 3082)
Notes : Irregular *-u- in Toda.
Number in DED : 4252
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pōḍ-
Meaning : fight
Salur Gadba : pōḍu
Number in DED : 4252
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *buṭV
Meaning: beat, break
References: ND 266 *buṭV 'cut, cut off, cut into pieces', ND 268 *baʡ/GuṭV 'kick, push' (distinguishable in SH?). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *bhodhw-
Meaning: battle
Celtic: *bodw- > Gaul Ate-boduus, Boduo-gnatus EN; OIr bodb `Schlachtgöttin in Gestalt einer Krähe'; MIr Bodb, Badb `Schlachtkrähe'
Russ. meaning: битва
piet-meaning,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *badwō
Meaning: battle
Gothic: Baduarius PN
Old Norse: bɔδ f. `Kampf'
Norwegian: dial. bad `Kampf'
Swedish: dial. ba, badd `Ringkampf'
Old Danish: bad `Kampf'
Old English: beadu
Old Saxon: Badu-
Old High German: { Batu- (in N) `Kampf' }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-osax,germet-ohg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 203
Root: bhedh-1
English meaning: to pierce, dig
German meaning: `stechen, bes. in die Erde stechen, graben'
Material: Lat. fodiō, -ere, fōdī `graben', fossa `der Graben', fodicāre `wiederholt stechen'; gall. bedo- `Kanal, Graben' (Wartburg I 313), cymr. bedd, corn. bedh, bret. béz `Grab'; gall. *bodīca `Brachfeld' (M.-L. 1184);
got. badi n. `Bet', ags. bedd ds., ahd. usw. betti `Bett, Beet', an. beđr m. `Unterdecke, Federbett' (idg. *bhodhi̯o-), ursprüngl. `in den Boden eingewühlte Lagerstatte', vgl. nhd. Flußbett, Beet, engl. bed auch `Gartenbeet';
lit. bedù, bedžiaũ, bèsti `stechen, bohren, graben', badaũ, badýti `stechen. stoßen', bãdas `Hunger', bẽdrė f. `Grube', apr. boadis `Stich', em-badusisi `er steckt, sie stecken';
aksl. bodǫ, bosti (s-Аor. basъ) `stechen', bodl' m. `spina' (*bod-lь);
toch. A pat-, pāt- `pflügen';
vielleicht auch hitt. píd-da-i (kann auch pádd-da-i gelesen werden) `macht ein Loch in die Erde', vgl. Pedersen Hitt. 77.
Vielleicht hierher gr. βόθρος, βόθῡνος m. `Grube', Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 262, Zus. 2. Anders Petersson Heterokl. 128 ff.
Wahrscheinlich dazu kelto-germ. bodu̯o-, -ā `Kampf' in gall. PN Ate-boduus, -uā, Boduo-gnātus, air. bodb f. `Krähe, Schlachtgöttin in Gestalt einer Krähe'; aisl. bođ f. (*badwō), Gen. bǫđvar, ags. beadu f., as. Badu-, ahd. Batu- (in PN) `Kampf'.
References: WP. I 126 ff., 188, WP. I 99, 521 f., 866, Trautmann 29.
Pages: 113-114
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bŭ̀t`ù ( ~ -o-)
Meaning: to beat, break
Russian meaning: бить, ломать
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *buta-
Meaning: 1 to break 2 be broken
Russian meaning: 1 ломать 2 ломаться
Written Mongolian: buta-ra- (L 141) 2 Middle Mongolian: butăra- (MA) Khalkha: butar- 2, butal- 1
Buriat: butar- 2
Kalmuck: butṛ- 2
Ordos: butara- 2
Dongxian: pudura- (MGCD), putura- 2 Monguor: pudǝrā- (SM 304) 2! Comments: KW 63, MGCD 172. Mong. > Chag. butra- etc. (VEWT 90-91, ЭСТЯ 2, 308-309) (not vice versa, despite Щербак 1997, 110: OTurk. budra- is invented, and OTurk. budraq 'scattered' is a hapax misinterpreted by Malov, see EDT 307). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bute-, *butekte-
Meaning: to break, crush
Russian meaning: ломать, дробить, разбивать
Evenki: butēkte-; butukte 'piece'
Even: bụ̄t-
Negidal: bokta-l-
Ulcha: bụqta-
Nanai: boqta-
Oroch: buktaga-
Udighe: bukta-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *putɨ'ič-
Meaning: to hit, bump, collide
Russian meaning: бить, сталкиваться
Modern Korean: pudit- [putič-]
Middle Korean: putɨ'ič-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pùt-
Meaning: to beat, hit
Russian meaning: бить
Tokyo: bút-
Kyoto: bùt-
Kagoshima: bùt-
Comments: A verb (not attested in OJ) with an expressive voicing *p- > b-. See JLTT 680. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *betk-
Russian meaning: бить, колотить
English meaning: to beat, hit
Georgian: betk-
Megrel: batk-
Svan: betkw- ( < Georgian?)
Notes and references: EWK 48-49. Ср. алт. *p`āt`a 'бить' (или *but`u id.), (ПИЕ...).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVTV
Meaning : break, split
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *baṭ-
Meaning: pierce, cut
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 491
Proto-Semitic: *buṭ-
Meaning: 'split, pierce' 1, 'be split' 2
Arabic: bṭṭ [-u-] 1
Jibbali: bɔttǝt 2
Notes: Secondary *-u- < *a after a labial.
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-jib,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *bVṭ-
Meaning: 'pierce'1 , 'divide' 2
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ǝbǝd 1, 2
Tawllemmet: ibḍu 2
Semlal: ibḍu 1
Ntifa: bǝdda 1
Izdeg: bḍu 1
Izayan: bḍu 1
Iznassen: ebḍa 2
Snus: bǝdda 1
Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): ǝbḍu 1
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ahg,brbet-twl,brbet-sml,brbet-ntf,brbet-izd,brbet-izy,brbet-izn,brbet-snu,brbet-qbl,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ḅat- < *baṭ-
Meaning: 'cut' 1, 'cut tribal marks' 2
Bolewa: ḅot- 1 [LkB]
Ngamo: ḅat- 1 [ShV]
Kifri=Giwo: ḅatt- 2 [St]
Gera: ḅâḍ- 1 [ShV]
Galambu: ḅar- [ShV]
Notes: Note the shift of emphatization.
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-bol,wchet-ngm,wchet-krf,wchet-ger,wchet-glm,wchet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ḅat- (< *baṭ-)
Meaning: 'split'
Mokilko: ḅáttè [JMkk]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mkk,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *baṭ-
Meaning: 'part; divide'
Somali: baḍ-
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ĭṭV
Meaning: to cut, divide, break
Comments and references : BCD 8. In PST cf. alternatively *t(h)a `knife, axe' 1017; in PNC - also *ʔVrṭV `to sting'. Perhaps two roots, but hard to distinguish. [Cf. *=ǟtwV, *=āṭwV, *=adV]. Cf. also Basque *bat 'one' ( < 'separate'?)
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ĭṭV
Meaning: to cut, to divide
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root demonstrates different Ablaut grades (*-i-/*-e-/*-u-). The isomorphism between Av.-And. *b-uṭV 'part', Lak. b-aṭu-l- 'separate' and Darg. Chir. b-iṭal 'part' suggests that the derivate *w-ĭṭV (*w-ŭṭV) can also be reconstructed for PEC. Cf. also HU *ṭiṭi- > Hurr. tid- 'to share out, to separate', tidenni 'sharing out, re-division of land', Urart. ṭiṭj-u/ošǝ 'share, (movable) property' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 27).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *t-iṭ- / *t-eṭ-
Meaning: 1 to cut in pieces 2 to interpret, explain, decide
Chechen: ted- 1, tit- 2
Ingush: ted- 1
Batsbi: teṭ- / tiṭ- 1,2
Comments: The stem *teṭ- is durative, *tiṭ- - terminative.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *b-uṭV / *ṭubi
Meaning: part
Avar: buṭá
Akhvakh: ṭubi
Chamalal: ṭub
Tindi: ṭubi
Karata: ṭube
Bagvalal: ṭub
Godoberi: ṭubi
Comments: The PA *ṭubi is a metathesis ( < *b-uṭi), as seen from the Avar parallel. Av. buṭá was borrowed in some Andian languages (Akhv. Tseg., Kar. Rats. buṭa), as well as in Lak. (buṭa 'part'), Darg. (Ak., Ur., Kait., Kub., Tsud. buṭa) and Arch. (buṭi 'part').
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=iṭ-
Meaning: to divide
Tsezi: =eṭʷ- (Radzhibov)
Bezhta: =iṭ- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: =iṭ-
Comments: PGB *=iṭ- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =iṭ-). The source of labialisation in Tsezi is not clear.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: b-aṭul-
Meaning: separate
Lak form: baṭul-s:a
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=uṭ-
Meaning: to divide, distribute
Akusha: =uṭ- /=urṭ- (Ur.)
Comments: An old derivate is Chir. b-iṭal 'part, piece' (buṭa in most other dialects is probably a loanword from Avar).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiṭV-
Meaning: 1 to crack (nuts) 2 break 3 to tear, cut in pieces
Lezghian: eq:-eṭ- 1
Tabasaran: uṭ- 3
Agul: jaʕ-ṭ- 2
Tsakhur: =eṭa- 2
Kryz: =iṭ- 3
Budukh: e=ṭ- 3
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. k-u=ṭ- 'to break off, tear off', q:I-u=ṭ- 'to tear off, pluck' ( = Bud. q:-e=ṭ- id.), perhaps also Tsakh. q-e=ṭa- 'to touch', Kryz. (with Ablaut) w-äṭ- id., Arch. χiṭ-bos 'to push' (formally = Tsakh. qeṭa-). See Лексика 1971, 255.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tɨ(w) (~ dh-,-iw,-ǝw; -k)
Meaning: break
Tibetan: rdos to break, burst.
Kachin: do2 broken piece, doʔ2 to break, be broken.
Lepcha: thek to break, to divide, to disunite (?)
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *e=te-n
Meaning: 1 to break, break off 2 to tire, be fatigued
Bizkaian: eten
Gipuzkoan: eten
High Navarrese: eten
Low Navarrese: ethen
Lapurdian: ethen
Zuberoan: ethen
Roncalese: eten
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,
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