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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kaḍ-
Meaning : to pass, elapse; pass over, cross, transgress, exceed
Telugu : kaḍacu
Dialectal forms (1) : gaḍacu
Dialectal forms (2) : gaḍucu
Additional forms : Also [1] kaḍapu, [2] gaḍupu to pass, cause to pass or elapse, put off, defer, drive, push; kaḍa end, extremity, place, direction, vicinity; kaḍagoṭṭu to die; adj. the youngest, last; kaḍacanu to die, be destroyed or lost, be completed; cross, pass over; kaḍategu to end, come to a close; kaṭṭakaḍa the very end, the very last place or point; adj. the very last, farthest, hindmost; [1] kaḍapa, [2] gaḍapa threshold; kaḍapaṭa at last; kaḍapaṭi last, final; kaḍapala the end; kaḍama remainder; remaining
Number in DED : 1109
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-tel_3,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *k̂aḍ-a-
Meaning : to cross
Proto-North Dravidian : *kaṭ- Notes : NDR *-ṭ- because of (probably) y-conjugation. But the *-ṇ- in Gondwan is incomprehensible!
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kaḍ-a-
Meaning : to cross
Tamil : kaṭa (-pp-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to pass through, traverse, cross, exceed, excel, win, overcome, transgress; go, proceed, pass (as time, water, clouds, etc.)
Tamil derivates : kaṭattu (kaṭatti-) to cause to go, drive, transport, pass (as time); n. boat; kaṭappu passing over, wicket or narrow passage in a wall or hedge; kaṭavān_ channel cut through ridge of paddy-field to let surplus water run off; kaṭavu (kaṭavi-) to cause to go, drive, ride, dispatch, discharge (as a missile); n. way, path, direction; kaṭavai leap, jump, passing over, way; fault, defect; kaṭavuḷ god (who transcends speech and mind); kaṭāvu (kaṭāvi-) to discharge (as missiles), ride, drive, drive in (as a nail, peg, wedge), urge; kaṭācu (kaṭāci-), kiṭācu (kiṭāci-) to drive (as a nail), throw; kaṭai end, limit, boundary; lowness, lowest, worst; entrance, gate; kaṭaici end, extremity, the last; kaṭaiñan_ man of low caste, man of mean character; kaṭaimai meanest condition; kaṭaiyar men of the lowest caste or status
Malayalam : kaṭakka
Malayalam meaning : to pass over, enter, pass out, transgress, surpass
Malayalam derivates : kaṭattuka to make to pass, insert, introduce; kaṭattu transporting, conveying; kaṭappu passage, transgression; kaṭa what is ultimate; way; kaṭaśi end, termination; kaṭampa, kaṭāyi stile, gate bar; kaṭavu beach, landing place, wharf; track of wild beasts; kaṭāvuka, kiṭāvuka to drive (as a carriage), drive in (as a nail)
Kannada : kaḍe
Kannada meaning : to pass over, transgress, pass, elapse, get through; n. end, termination, limit, position of being last, low or inferior, worse than, side, direction, last, at last
Kannada derivates : kaṭa end, corner, etc.; kaḍa a ferry, ford; kaḍakal wicket or narrow passage in walls or hedges; kaḍame, kaḍime deficiency, inferiority, remainder; kaḍavaḷ god; kaḍāyisu to drive in (as a nail)
Kodagu : kaḍa- (kaḍap-, kaḍand-)
Kodagu meaning : to cross
Kodagu derivates : kaḍat- (kaḍati-) to take across; kaḍe end (of row, event, etc.); kaḍekɨ at last; kaḍe kuññi the youngest child
Tulu : kaḍapuni
Tulu meaning : to cross, ford, pass, elapse, surpass
Tulu derivates : kaḍapāvuni to cause to pass, help one to ford a river; kaḍapuḍuni to dispatch, forward, send away; kaḍapa distance; kaḍapu a ferry; kaḍapelụ that which can be crossed over; kaḍame deficiency, defect, remnant; less, deficient, remaining; kaḍe verge, margin, end, extremity, place; last, final, low, mean
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) kaḍappuru, (M) kaḍɨ to send
Number in DED : 1109
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kaḍä-
Meaning : to cross
Kota : kaṛv- (kaṛd-) "to cross (river), come out or leave (house), (years) pass; (sun, moon) rises"
Toda : kaḍ- (kaḍɵ-) "to leave, pass, cross"
Additional forms : Also Kota kaṛt- (kayt-/kaṛty-) to make to cross, send off; mē-kī- (< *kay-; mē-kaṛt-) to get up; mēkaṛc- (mēkaṛc-) to make to get up; kaṛv cattle-path through bushes, ford; kaṛ, kaṛc extreme end (kaṛ aḷ side of belly, kaṛ pāt the end, at last, kaṛ may NE. monsoon [i. e. last rain], kaṛcāc last woman in series, kaṛc ib very excellent iron, kaṛc aky worthless rice); Toda kaṛt- (kaṛty-) to send, take across; kaḍ a stride; kaḍ fōy corner of mouth; kaḍ xōl mox last-born son; kaḍf path, entrance to wood; kaḍč end (of thing, event)
Number in DED : 1109
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaḍ-
Meaning : to cross; to go beyond
Parji : kaḍa (pl. kaḍel) "end, side"
Ollari Gadba : karp- (kart-) "to cross"
Salur Gadba : karr- "to yean"
Poya Gadba : kar- "to give birth to"
Kondekor Gadba : kar- (kaṭ-) "to drop, give birth to"
Additional forms : Also Parji kaḍp- (kaḍt-) to cross; kaḍ- (kaṭṭ-) to throw (normally used as aux. verb)
Notes : More often used with the causative meaning 'to throw out, bear' *kaḍp-.
Number in DED : 1109
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-poya,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *Kaṇa-
Meaning : to cross, pass through
Notes : Bisyllabic root; first consonant unclear (PPM points to *k-, Konda and PK point to *g-, but the latter may as well be secondary). Note: in PPM *kṇ- probably > *kṇ-, but *gṇ- > gṛ-.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : gaṛvi- (-t-)
Meaning: to go beyond the boundary of a village, fail a promise, disregard (elder's words)
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : nā- (-t-), nāv- (-it-) "to cross"
Number in DED : 1109
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kṇā-
Meaning : to cross
Pengo : nā- (-t-)
Manda : kṛā-
Number in DED : 1109
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *gṇā-
Meaning : to pass, cross
Kui : gṛāsa (gṛāsi-) "to pass something over or through, pass a thing through the outstretched legs"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : grāncali "to cross over"
Kuwi (Schulze) : gla'nai "to pass, cross (river)"
Kuwi (Israel) : gṇaʔ- "to cross"
Additional forms : Also Kui gṛāpa (gṛāt-) to cross, cross over, ford, pass by; n. act of crossing, fording, passing by; ḍṛāpa (ḍṛāt-) to step over, overflow; n. step, still, threshold; Kuwi_Isr gṇap- to take across; kaṭu time (suitable period)
Notes : Most of the forms point to a vocalic auslaut of the base plus -p-. However, Kui gṛāsa and Kuwi_F grāncali only can be traced back to *gṛāc- and *gṛānc- correspondingly; a reconstruction like *gṛānc- with loss of nasal in Kui would be possible, although it is hard to prove because of the uniqueness of the case. The initial combination is reconstructed as *gṇ-; however, in Kui gṛ- is the only example of such a combination which is, moreover, probably misspelled for gr-. But Kuwi data makes it clear the second consonant is retroflex, and external data confirm its exact character. The initial cluster ḍṛ- is extremely rare as well, occurring only in a single expressive lexeme (in a few others it's a variant of ḍr-); therefore, the semantical differentiation between gṛāpa and ḍṛāpa is either secondary or invented by Whinfield. As for differences between gr- and ḍr-, my observations are as follows: PK *gṛ- (where -ṛ- < PDR *-ṛ-) > Kui gr-, but PK *gḍ- (where -ḍ- < PDR *-ṭ-) > Kui ḍr-. Kuwi_Isr gṇap- is probably a secondary causative (or the differentiation is secondary; remember the original causative -p- is often preserved in Kuwi_Isr after vocalic auslauts of the base), and kaṭu is borrowed from some SDR language.
Number in DED : 1109
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *kaṭ-
Meaning : to cross
Kurukh : kaṭṭnā "to cross, pass over or above, overtake and go beyond, out-distance, surpass, go to excess"
Malto : kaṭe "to exceed, pass, cross"
Additional forms : Also KUR kaṛtaʔānā, kaṭtaʔānā to take across; pass over, skip over; MLT kaṭtre to pass, spend time; help across; kaṭp exceedingly, much, very.
Number in DED : 1109
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : xarr-ing
Meaning : to proceed on foot, make one's way
Number in DED : 1109
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *kVdV
Meaning: to walk, pass
References: [In ND 695 *gaṭʕV 'pass through, cross' Drav. is compared with Alt. *gāt`i which seems less likely + Arab. and occasional Chad.). nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kēd-
Meaning: to proceed, pass
Tokharian: A, B kätk- (PT *kätk-) 'proceed, pass' (Adams 157)
Latin: cēdō, cessī, cessum, cēdere 'идти, ступать, ходить, передвигаться; уходить'
Russ. meaning: идти, проходить
References: Adams 157.
piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ód[o]
Meaning: to go, walk
Russian meaning: идти, ходить, уходить
Comments: Martin 245, АПиПЯЯ 15, 16, 71, 103, 279 (but the Turkic parallel has to be attributed to a different root, see *gā́t`ì). In TM one would rather expect *kid- - but the PTM reconstruction is dubious anyway (based only on one dialectal Evk. form). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ködel-
Meaning: 1 to move 2 to work
Russian meaning: 1 двигаться 2 работать
Written Mongolian: ködel- 1, 2
Middle Mongolian: kotɛlči 'servant' (IM), kudäl- (MA), kodol-, godol- (SH, HYt) Khalkha: xödl- 1, 2
Buriat: xüdel- 1, 2
Kalmuck: ködl- 1, 2
Ordos: ködöl- 1, 2
Dongxian: goǯielu- 1, 2
Baoan: gudel-, gudal- 1
Dagur: xudele- 1 (Тод. Даг. 179), hudele-, hudule- (MD 165) Shary-Yoghur: gödöl-
Monguor: gudoli- (SM 139) 1 Mogol: kütäl 'work'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kiad-
Meaning: mountain pass
Russian meaning: горный перевал
Evenki: kêdris
Comments: ТМС 1, 386. Attested only in Evk., but having probable external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kǝ̄d-
Meaning: walk
Russian meaning: ходить
Modern Korean: kǝ̄t- (kǝ̄r-)
Middle Korean: kǝ̄t- (kǝr-)
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kájuáp-
Meaning: to walk, go back and forth
Russian meaning: ходить
Old Japanese: kajwop-
Middle Japanese: kájóf-
Tokyo: kàyo-
Kyoto: káyó-
Kagoshima: kayó-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1366
Proto: *kuttV (*kottV)
English meaning: to run
German meaning: laufen
Mari (Cheremis): kǝ̑δala- (KB), kuδala- (U B) 'mit einem Pferde schnell dahineilen, laufen, fahren' ?
Komi (Zyrian): kote̮r- (S) 'laufen', kote̮rt- (S P), ko.tørt- (PO) 'laufen, fließen', kotral- (S) 'laufen'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-kom,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *katǝ-
Meaning: to come near, to join, to gather
Russian meaning: подходить ближе, соединять(ся)
Comments: See *kac-ru- 'to approach, to meet, to get married'. Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 160, 161
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *katǝ-
Meaning: to come near, to overtake, to catch up 1, to gather, to append 2, to join, to gather refl. 3
Russian Meaning: подходить, догонять 1, собирать, добавлять 2, собираться 3
Sirenik: kātǝqǝ́χtǝχ 1, kātǝqáχɫǝku 'hard by, hard after, вплотную', kāɫǝku 'coming here' ger.
Chaplino: kāt-aquq, kātǝ-ɫǝq (χǝt), kā-ɫǝq (χǝt) dvn. 1
Naukan: katǝ́-tāqā, kaɫǝ́χ-tāqā 2, katǝ́mā- 3
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: katuχtǝ- 2, kaɫǝktaɣ- 'to graze'
Egegik (Peripheral): Y katuʁ- 3
Nunivak (Peripheral): katuʁ- 3, ~ katǝɣ- 'to to brush against'
Norton Sound (Peripheral): katuʁ- 3, kacǝtǝ- 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 160, 161, 154
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-egeg,yupet-nun,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *katǝ-
Meaning: to join 1, gathered 2
Russian meaning: соединяться 1, собираться 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: katit- 1, katuma- 2
SPI Dialects: Imaq katɨma- 2
North Alaskan Inupik: katɨt- 1, kasima- 2
NAI Dialects: PH katima- 2
Western Canadian Inupik: katit- 1, katima- 2
WCI Dialects: Sig kattuji- 1
Eastern Canadian Inupik: kati(t)-, katut(i)- 1, katima- 2
Greenlandic Inupik: katit-, kattut(i)- 1, katima- 2
GRI Dialects: NG katut(i)- 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 160, 161
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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