Telugu etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *ker_-

Meaning : to close, shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cer_i (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to be thick (as foliage, hair), crowded, be in close union, be tight (as bangles), be controlled, keep within bounds

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to join together, tighten, shut, close, block up, secure, store up, pack closely; cer_i, cer_ivu denseness, abundance, union, self-restraint; cer_u (cer_uv-, cer_r_-) to control (as the senses), hinder, prevent, overcome; (-pp-, -tt-) to suppress, subdue, resist, prevent, prevent the passage (as of water), overcome; n. tank, field, garden plot; cer_uppu restriction; cer_uvu field; cir_ai (-pp-, -tt-) to restrain, imprison, dam up; n. guard, confinement, prison, captivity; dam, bank, tank, boundary; cir_aivan_ captive, slave; cer_r_ai thicket, crowd

Malayalam : cer_iyuka

Malayalam meaning : to be thronged

Malayalam derivates : cer_ukkuka to dam up, enclose, oppose, prevent; cir_a enclosure, dam, limit, tank, reservoir

Kannada : kir_ (kett-)

Kannada meaning : to confine, close, shut, block up, make a fence, cover

Kannada derivates : ker_e tank; gir_aku state of being strait (as a gate), of being firmly fixed (as a door), of being close, pressing (as a crowd); ser_e to contract, confine, harass; n. confinement, bondage, prison

Kodagu : kere

Kodagu meaning : tank

Tulu : kerè, kirè, kedu

Tulu meaning : an artificial tank

Tulu derivates : kidè cowpen, stall; śerè imprisonment, prison, obligation, liability; gediyuni to be rammed, stuffed; gedụŋguni, gedipuni to stuff, push in, ram

Proto-Nilgiri : *ker_-

Number in DED : 1980

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *ker_-

Meaning : tank; dam

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : ker "tank"

Toda : ker_f- (ker_t-) "(water) is dammed, (crowd) gathers; to dam"

Additional forms : Also Kota cer imprisonment; obstruction in labour; girn, grn in a dense crowd (of people gathering); Toda ker_ party, side; ser imprisonment; ked- (kedy-) to be stuck in (spear in tree, stick in hand or foot); to fix in position (waistcloth, sticks at end of ridgepole to hold thatch); ter_ pat_- (pat_y-) to arrest, seize, and confine (in song phrases)

Notes : PN *ser is a borrowing from Tamil (or Telugu). Kota girn either displays expressive voicing or does not belong here at all. The only possible way Toda ked- can belong here is if it goes back to *ker_-ǝnd- (even so, the exact reflexation would not be entirely predictable), but the respective forms are not attested in any other SDR languages.

Number in DED : 1980

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ked_-

Meaning : to shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : get- (gett-) "to close (door) firmly, lock up"

Parji : kedp- (kedt-) "to shut (door), lock up"

Salur Gadba : keṭ-

Notes : Voiced *-d_- is seen from Parji kedp-; in other cases there has been secondary devoicing due to causative conjugation.

Number in DED : 1980

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ked_-

Meaning : to close, shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *keh-

Konda : keR- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ges-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *keR-

Notes : The word had a causative conjugation in PGn (probably with the suffix *-p-). Hence the loss of voice in Gondi, Konda and PPM (all these forms go back to *ked_-p- > *ket_-; in PPM probably a 'metathese of voice': *ked_- > *get_-). The form *ket_-pi 'door' goes back to PGn.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *keh-

Meaning : to shut

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : kehtānā

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kahtānā

Gommu Gondi : keh-

Muria Gondi : kah-, keh- "to shut, fasten up, secure (a bund)"

Maria Gondi : keʔ-mar̨ "mat-door"

Koya Gondi : keh- "to shut, dam (stream)"

Yeotmal Gondi : keh-

Adilabad Gondi : keh-

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ph caus. kahcahtānā; Gondi_Ko (T) gebb- to gag

Number in DED : 1980

Number in CVOTGD : 852

Konda etymology :

Konda : keR- (-t-)

Meaning: to close, shut (as a door, box, etc.), build a wall (as enclosure)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : keRpi "door"

Number in DED : 1980

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ges-

Meaning : to close

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : geh- (gest-)

Manda : geh- (-t-) "to shut"

Additional Forms : Also Pengo gespi door; Manda gehpi door

Number in DED : 1980

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *keR-

Meaning : to fence; to connect

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : gebga (<geg-b-; gegd-) "to be connected with (by ties of friendship, love, common cause), associate with, be united, reconciled, live together as husband and wife, have faith in, believe; set side by side, intertwine bamboos so as to build a fence; n. act of associating with, being connected with or having faith in, faith"

Tekriya Kuwi : ker- "to fence"

Kuwi (Israel) : ker- "to fence"

Notes : In Kui initial k- assimilated to -g- < *-R-.

Number in DED : 1980