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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *ųpǝ̊nʁa- (-ʁ-, -kra-), *ųpǝ̊nʁaa-
Meaning: spring 1, summer 2
Russian meaning: весна 1, лето 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: uvaʁnāq 2, uvaʁnaɣraq 1
SPI Dialects: Imaq uváʁnaq 1, uváʁnaraq, uváʁnaûq 2, W uvünʁaq* (āk, āt) 'last summer'
North Alaskan Inupik: upinʁāq 2, upinʁāq- 'to become summer', upinʁakšaq 1
NAI Dialects: B opinʁaq* 2, Ingl opinʁaq* 1, Qaw upanʁaq 2, upanʁaqšaq 1, PH upinʁaq- 'to become summer'
Western Canadian Inupik: upinʁaq 1, upinʁaksaq 1 [Lowe]
WCI Dialects: Cor, M opinʁaq* 1, Net upinŋaq 1 [B.-S.], Car Baker Lake upinʁāq 1, upinʁaχχaq 'early spring' [Dor.]
Eastern Canadian Inupik: upiʁŋāq 2, upiʁŋa(q)- 'to be summer', upiʁŋasaq 1
ECI Dialects: Tar upiʁŋasāq 'early spring' [Dor.], Lab upiŋŋāk 1, upiŋŋasāk 'early spring', Iti upiʁŋāq 1 [Dor.], NBI, SB upiʁŋaq 1
Greenlandic Inupik: upiʁnāq (upernaq*) 1, upiʁnaʁ- 'to have become spring', upiʁnaššaq 'beginning of spring'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 377
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *upǝnǝʁ (-a-, -kra-)
Meaning: spring, summer
Russian meaning: весна, лето
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 377
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *upǝnǝʁ- (-a-, -ka-)
Meaning: spring
Russian Meaning: весна
Sirenik: upǝnǝ́ʁǝχ
Chaplino: upǝ́nʁaq (t)
Naukan: upǝ́nʁaq
Koniag (AAY): uɣnǝχkaq (< *upnǝʁ-ka-)
Central Alaskan Yupik: upnǝχkaq, upǝnǝχkaʁ- 'to become spring'
Norton Sound (Peripheral): upǝnǝχkaq
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 377
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-koni,yupet-cay,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *PVnV
Meaning: spring
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pùnV ( ~ p`-, -o-)
Meaning: year, spring / summer
Russian meaning: год, весна / лето
Comments: EAS 53, 141, SKE 205, KW 286, 295, Poppe 11, 69, Цинциус 1984, 43. Despite Doerfer MT 143, Rozycki 78-79, the TM forms meaning 'time' are hardly < Mong. Cf. perhaps also Jpn. *pàrû 'spring' (if -ru is regarded as a suffix < *pUn-ra); see Whitman 1985, 188, 202, 211. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *hon
Meaning: year
Russian meaning: год
Written Mongolian: on (L 611) Middle Mongolian: xon (HY 5, SH), hun (IM), hun (MA) Khalkha: on
Buriat: on
Kalmuck: on
Ordos: on
Dongxian: xon
Baoan: xoŋ, hoŋ (Tunren)
Shary-Yoghur: hon, χon
Monguor: fǝn, xwǝn (SM 98), fen, fon (Huzu), xön, xon (Minghe) Comments: KW 286, MGCD 444, 528. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pune
Meaning: 1 time, period 2 South
Russian meaning: 1 время, период 2 юг
Spoken Manchu: fon 'occasion' (2649)
Literary Manchu: fon 1
Jurchen: fowan (fom-wan) do (81) 1, fAn-ti (592) 2
Ulcha: punele 2
Nanai: fõ (Kur-Urm.) 1 ( < Man.)
Comments: ТМС 2, 43, 300. Ul. or Nan. > Oroch punele, Ud. puńalanǯini 'South'. The original meaning may be reconstructed as *'summer' ( > a) 'South'; b) season, time). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *póm
Meaning: spring
Russian meaning: весна
Modern Korean: pom
Middle Korean: póm
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *pucn-
Meaning : new
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pun- Proto-North Dravidian : *pun-ā Notes : Cf. Salur punc; could it point to PKG *pusn- < *putn-?
dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *pUʒá- / *puʒú-
Meaning : new
Tamil : putu, putiya
Tamil meaning : new
Tamil derivates : putitu that which is new or wonderful; first sheaves of a rice crop (offered to Lakṣmī); putiyar, putiyavar, putiyōr newcomers, guests; putir first sheaves; putin_am newness, novelty, wonderful thing; putukku (putukki-) to renovate, adorn; putuppi (-pp-, -tt-) to renovate, repair, remodel, modernize; putumai newness, novelty, strangeness, a wonder, plenty, excess, intensity, brightness; putuvatu anything new; putuval land newly brought under cultivation; putuvōr strangers, inexperienced persons; putai novelty; puttapputiya, puttamputiya brand-new, very recent; puttapputumai brand-new or very recent thing; puttan_ new person or thing; puttēḷ novelty; stranger, strange woman; god; puṇar newness; ? pun_ir_u recency of delivery (as of a woman), that which is recently born, newness
Malayalam : putu
Malayalam meaning : new, fresh
Malayalam derivates : putukuka to be renewed; putukkam newness, a wonderful thing; putukkuka to renew, mend; putuma a novelty, wonderful sight, an entertaining story; puttan a fresh, new thing; puttari new rice used in ceremonies
Kannada : posa, posatu, hosa, hosatu, hosadu, hostu
Kannada meaning : that which is new; newness, freshness, beauty, novelty, wonderfulness; new, etc.
Kannada derivates : posamba, hosaba a new man
Kodagu : pudume
Kodagu meaning : wonder
Kodagu derivates : puttëri rice harvest festival; (Shanmugam) pudɨyë new (masc.)
Tulu : posa
Tulu meaning : new, novel, fresh, recent, strange, wonderful
Tulu derivates : posatụ that which is new, fresh; newly; posatāye, posabe a new man, novice; (Shanmugam) fem. posabetti; pudubārụ new paddy; puddārụ the harvest feast
Number in DED : 4275
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *pud
Meaning : new
Kota : pud
Toda : puɵ, puɵn
Additional forms : Also ? Kota ock ritually new after purification
Number in DED : 4275
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pun-
Meaning : new
Naiki : puni
Parji : pun
Ollari Gadba : pun
Salur Gadba : punc
Number in DED : 4275
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *puʔn-
Meaning : new
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *puhn-
Meaning : new
Betul Gondi : punō
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : pūnāl
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : pūnāl
Muria Gondi : pūna
Maria Gondi : pūna
Seoni Gondi : pūna, pūne
Koya Gondi : pūna
Yeotmal Gondi : pūna, pūn
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : puhnā
Maria Gondi (Lind) : punā
Durg Gondi : puna
Number in DED : 4275
Number in CVOTGD : 2301
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_d,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : pūni
Meaning: new
Number in DED : 4275
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pūn
Meaning : new
Pengo : pūn
Manda : pūn
Number in DED : 4275
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pūʔn-i
Meaning : new
Kui : pūni "new, fresh, newly arrived; newly"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : pūni
Kuwi (Schulze) : pū'nani kēpinai "to renew"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : pūni
Kuwi (Israel) : puʔni
Additional forms : Also Kui pūnanju a new man, man but recently arrived; fem. pūnari
Number in DED : 4275
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *pun-ā
Meaning : new, recently born, unaccustomed
Kurukh : punā
Malto : pune
Number in DED : 4275
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : pūs-kun
Meaning : new, fresh, recently
Number in DED : 4275
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVNV
Meaning : winter ~ spring
Sino-Caucasian : ? ST *bhVm 'cold'
Amerind (misc.) : *pon 'snow; winter' (R 675) [+ A] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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