Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *paliʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: dry

Russian meaning: сухой

Seward Peninsula Inupik: paliq-

North Alaskan Inupik: paliq-

WCI Dialects: Cop paliq- 'to dry up, to waste away' [Jen.]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: palli(q)-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 248

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *paliʁ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: dry, to wither

Russian meaning: сухой, вянуть

Proto-Yupik: *paliʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *paliʁ-

Comments: This root should be dissociated from *pali-ʁ- 'sunburnt, grey'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 248

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *paliʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to wither, to become dry (leaves), to become ripe (fruits)

Russian Meaning: вянуть, сохнуть (о листьях)б зреть (о плодах)

Chaplino: palīʁaquq, palīq (t) 'withering; увядание'

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗaĺV

Meaning: burn

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *pelǝ-, *(s)pel- (Pok. 805, 987)

Altaic: ? *p`i̯ŏ́ĺo

Uralic: *paĺa- 'burn' (Coll. 106)

Dravidian: *paḷ-

Eskimo-Aleut: *pali-ʁ-

Comments: For PA cf. rather PIE *plewi̯- 'Pleiades' (902) (cf. also PAN *buluq 'Pleiades'); cf. also PD *pul- 'dawn, shine' 1353, PA *p`i̯àlk`i 'lightning, thunder' 1782; PIE *(s)pAlg(ʷ)- `shine, sparkle' 2618; PA *p`ilo 'to dry, heat'; PFU *piLV 'warm, burn'; cf. also some forms under *belV.

References: МССНЯ 337; ND 1726 *[p]aĺ/ḷV 'burn, be heated'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *pAl[A]-, *plā- (~ -ō-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to burn

Slavic: *polḗtī, *poljǭ; *pālātī; *poltī, *poljǭ/*pъljǭ; *pālī́tī; *polnǭtī; *polmen-; *pɨ̄lātī

Germanic: *flōw-a- adj., *flaw-a- adj., *flōw-ia- m.

Russ. meaning: гореть

References: WP II 58 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *flōwa-, *flawa-, *flōwia-z

Meaning: warm, soft

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: flō-r `lau, warm'; flōa wk. `aufwärmen'; flȫ-r m. `Wärme'

Norwegian: flö `lau'; flöa vb.; flö `Wärme'

Middle Dutch: flau, vlau `matt, schwach, schlaff'

Dutch: { vlauw, flauw `matt, schwach, schlaff' }

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1475

Root: (pel-9), pol-, plē-, plō̆-

English meaning: to burn, be warm

German meaning: `brennen, warm sein'

General comments: auch mit -u̯o- erweitert; vielleicht = (s)p(h)el- `glänzen, schimmern'

Material: Aisl. flōr (*flō-wa-) `lau, warm'; ndl. flouw `matt, lau', nhd. flau (*plē-u̯o-); aksl. poljǫ, polěti `brennen' intr., Kausat. paliti `brennen' tr., vъs-planetъ sę `καταφλεγήσεται', plamy, plamenъ m. `Flamme' (*polmen-); ob hierher lit. plė́nys oben S. 802?

    dazu wohl cymr. go-leu `Licht', bret. gou-lou ds. (*plo-u̯o-); anders Lewis-Pedersen 29 (zum GN Lugus), vgl. oben S. 690.

References: WP. II 59 f., Trautmann 212 f., J. Loth RC. 36, 157.

Pages: 805

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`i̯ŏ́ĺo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: star

Russian meaning: звезда

Turkic: *jul-duŕ (*-dɨŕ)

Mongolian: *hodu

Korean: *pjǝ̄r

Japanese: *pǝ́sí

Comments: PKE 150, Martin 243, АПиПЯЯ 13, 36, 90, 277. In TM cf. perhaps Evn. hildenre- 'to dawn' (ТМС 2, 324). In Turkic one would rather expect *juĺ-, but the root is only used with the suffix *-du-ŕ, and in preconsonantal position *-ĺ- and *-l- were neutralized ("Helimski's rule"). Note Turk. *jul-du- = Mong. *ho-du- ( < *hol-du-) ( = Evk. hil-de-), with the same affixation throughout the Western Altaic area.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jul-duŕ (*-dɨŕ)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: star

Russian meaning: звезда

Old Turkic: jultuz (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: julduz (MK)

Turkish: jɨldɨz

Tatar: joldɨz

Middle Turkic: julduz (Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: julduz

Uighur: jultuz

Sary-Yughur: juldɨs

Azerbaidzhan: ulduz

Turkmen: jɨldɨz

Khakassian: čɨltɨs

Shor: čɨltɨs

Oyrat: d́ɨldɨs

Halaj: julduz

Chuvash: śъʷldъʷr

Yakut: sulus

Dolgan: hulus

Tuva: sɨldɨs

Tofalar: sɨltɨs

Kirghiz: ǯɨldɨz

Kazakh: žu_ldɨz

Noghai: juldɨz

Bashkir: jondoδ

Balkar: žulduz

Gagauz: jɨldɨs

Karaim: jɨldɨz

Karakalpak: žuldɨz

Salar: jyldus

Kumyk: julduz

Comments: VEWT 210, TMN 3, 260-1, EDT 922-3, ЭСТЯ 4, 279-280, Лексика 53, Stachowski 111.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *hodu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: star

Russian meaning: звезда

Written Mongolian: odu(n) (L 600)

Middle Mongolian: xodun (HY 1, SH), hudun (IM), hudun (MA)

Khalkha: od

Buriat: odon

Kalmuck: odṇ

Ordos: udu

Dongxian: xodun

Baoan: xodoŋ

Dagur: xodo, xod (Тод. Даг. 176), hode (MD 162)

Shary-Yoghur: hodǝn

Monguor: fōdi (SM 99)

Comments: KW 283. Mong. > Manchu odontu 'starred, having stars' (see Rozycki 166).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pjǝ̄r

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: star

Russian meaning: звезда

Modern Korean: pjǝl

Middle Korean: pjǝ̄r

Comments: Liu 383, HMCH 151, KED 780.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pǝ́sí

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: star

Russian meaning: звезда

Old Japanese: p(w)osi

Middle Japanese: fósí

Tokyo: hòshi

Kyoto: hóshí

Kagoshima: hóshi

Nase: Fu_̀šì

Shuri: Fúšì

Hateruma: pu_̀cù

Yonakuni: Fùtčí

Comments: JLTT 415.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1199

Proto: *paĺa

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to burn

German meaning: brennen

Finnish: pala- 'brennen (intr.), flammen; poltta- 'brennen, in Brand setzen'

Estonian: pala-, põle- 'brennen (intr.)'

Saam (Lapp): buolle- -l- (N) 'burn, be on fire', puollē- (L) 'brennen (intr.)', pī̊_ille- (T), pū_ille- (Kld.), puo_ille- (Not.) id.

Mordovian: palo- (E M) 'brennen, ausbrennen'; pulta- (E), puLta- (M) 'brennen (tr.), verbrennen'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *paḷ-

Meaning : to shine, glitter

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *paḷ-

Proto-Telugu : *paḷ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *paḷ-

Meaning : to glitter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : paḷapaḷa (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to glitter, shine (as hair well-oiled, a surface well-polished)

Tamil derivates : paḷapaḷappu glittering, lustre; paḷapaḷav-en_al expr. signifying glittering; paḷicc-en_al expr. signifying flashing, shining; paḷīr-en_al expr. signifying gleaming, flashing

Malayalam : paḷapaḷa

Malayalam meaning : gleaming (with minnuka to shine)

Malayalam derivates : paḷuŋŋuka to glitter

Kannada : paḷakane, paḷacane, paḷaccane, paḷañce

Kannada meaning : with a glitter, with pure brightness, with a flash; brightness, pureness, etc.

Kannada derivates : haḷacige flash, glitter, shine; (Gowda) paḷḷaŋge completely dawning

Tulu : paḷḷena

Tulu meaning : light, shine

Tulu derivates : (B-K) paḷapaḷa term to indicate glittering

Number in DED : 4012

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *paḷ-

Meaning : glitteringly

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : paḷapaḷa

Additional forms : Also ? [1] paluka, [2] palukana paleness, whiteness

Number in DED : 4012

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLV

Meaning : burn

Eurasiatic : *ṗaĺV

Afroasiatic : *fiyal-; Cush. *bul- 'warm' (ND 195)

Sino-Caucasian : *bVlV ( ~ -ɫ-)

Amerind (misc.) : *apali 'firewood' (actually 'fire, burn, hot') (R 268)

Reference : МССНЯ 337; ND 195, 1726; GE 103 *pal.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *fiyal-

Meaning: cook, boil

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Berber: *fVl-fVl- 'boil'

Western Chadic: *fwayil- 'boil'

Low East Cushitic: *ʔa-fēl- 'cook' (v.)

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *fVl-fVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'boil'

Izayan: fḷufell

Notes: Reduplication

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *fwayil-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'boil'

Angas: fīl [Fl]

Chip: fìyɛ̀̀l [Kr N372]

Ankwe=Goemai: fial [Fp]

Bolewa: ʔi fulo [LkB]

Dera=Kanakuru: pùlí [MnK]

Polchi: ir fulu [Kr N 372]

Geji: hùlùwi [Kr]

Burma: fule [Kr]

Buli: fǝlǝ́ [Cs N 867]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔa-fēl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cook (v.)

Oromo (Galla): affeela

Notes: Contraction of the original cluster *-iya- > *ē. Prefix *ʔa-

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bVlV ( ~ -ɫ-)

Meaning: to burn, kindle

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *bVlV (?)

Burushaski: *bal- / *bul-

Basque: *bero

Comments and references : LDC 36.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bVlV (?)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to burn

Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝlA (~ -Ł-)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PWC level.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝlA

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 burn 2 burn, shine (intr.)

Abkhaz: a-bǝ́l-ra 1

Abaza: bǝl-ra 1

Adyghe: bLa- 2

Kabardian: bLa- 2

Comments: PAT *bǝlǝ-, PAK *bǝLa-.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *bal- / *bul-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 to kindle 2 warm, tepid

Yasin: -s-pal 1

Hunza: -́s-pal- 1, bulbūlo 2

Nagar: -́s-pal- 1, bubúlo 2

Comments: Sh. bubuúlo

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *bero

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: warm, hot; warmth, heat

Bizkaian: bero

Gipuzkoan: bero

High Navarrese: bero

Low Navarrese: bero

Salazarese: bero

Lapurdian: bero

Zuberoan: béro

Roncalese: bero

Comments: Expressive/diminutive form bello /bel^yo/ in ZBR, RNC, SAL = ‘slightly warm, lukewarm’, or ‘warm, hot’ when speaking to a child. In RNC (Isaba) béllo became the only (unmarked) form.

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