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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *qama-
Meaning: whirlpool, snow whirling in wind 1, to travel with wind at one's back 2
Russian meaning: водоворот, вихрь снега 1, путешествовать при ветре в спину 2
NAI Dialects: Qaw qamājāq 1, Nu qamatmuaq- 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 281
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-nais,inupet-ced,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *qam(a)-
Meaning: snow-fall with slight wind
Russian meaning: снегопад с небольшим ветром
Comments: Cf. also Proto-Inupik *qama-nǝʁ 'widening in a river (with slow current). esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *qamcuɣ
Meaning: snow-fall with slight wind 1, to turn worse (weather) 2,
Russian Meaning: снегопад при небольшом ветре 1, портиться (о погоде) 2
Chaplino: qamsúk 1, qamsūxtaqā 2
Naukan: qámsuk 'murky weather'
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gImV
Meaning: winter, cold
References: Suggested by V. Glumov.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *g'heim-, *g'hyem-
Meaning: snow, frost, winter
Hittite: gim(a)- 'Winter' (Tischler 571)
Tokharian: A śärme, B śimpriye, śimpro (PT *śäm(ä)rāi-) 'winter' (Adams 630)
Old Indian: héman loc. adv. `in winter', hemantá- m. `winter'; himá- m. `cold, frost, snow', hímā f. `winter'
Avestan: zaēn- m., zǝmaka- m. 'Winterrsturm', zyɔ̄ (acc. zyąm, gen. zǝmō) 'Winter'
Other Iranian: NPers dai 'Winter' (< *gheimn̥)
Armenian: ʒiun, gen. ʒean `Schnee'
Old Greek: khéi̯ma n., khei̯mṓn, -ō̂nos m. `Winter; Winterwetter, Sturm'; dǘs-khimo- `stürmisch, schauerlich', khiṓn, -ónos f. `Schnee, Schneedecke, Schmelzschnee'; khímetlo-n `Frostbeule'
Latin: bīmus, trīmus, quadrīmus `zwei, drei, vier Jahre (Winter) alt, sich auf zwei (drei, vier ) Jahre erstreckend'; hiems, hiemis f. `Winter; Sturm; Jahr'
Celtic: MIr gam `Winter' (по sam `Sommer'), gemred `id.'; OCymr gaem, NCymr gauaf, OCorn goyf, Bret goan̄v; Gaul EN Giamillus
Albanian: dímër, gen. dímri, pl. dímre m. `winter'
Russ. meaning: снег, холод, зима
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: зима́,
Near etymology: зи́му (вин.), укр. зима́, др.-русск., ст.-слав. зима χεῖμών, болг. зи́ма (Младенов 192), сербохорв. зи́ма, вин. зи̑му, словен. zíma, чеш., слвц., польск. zima, н.-луж., в.-луж. zуmа.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. žiemà, вин. žiẽmą "зима", лтш. zìema -- то же, др.-прусск. semo -- то же, др.-инд. hḗman "зимой", himás "зима", hēmantás -- то же, авест. zyå-(zim-), zimō "мороз, зима", греч. χεῖμα "зима", χειμών "зимняя буря", χειμερινός "зимний", алб.-гег. dimën, тоск. dimër "зима", лат. hiems "зима", bīmus (*bihimos) "двухлетний", hībernus "зимний", датск. диал. gimmerlam "годовалый ягненок", арм. jmeṙn "зима"; см. Траутман, ВSW 367 и сл.; Мейе--Вайан 27; Френкель, IF 69, 162; Ломан, ZfslPh 7, 374 и сл.; М.--Э. 4, 742; Майер, Alb. Wb. 67; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 360; Вальде--Гофм. I, 644. Соболевский (РФВ 71, 15) хочет видеть в нар. зи́мусь "этой зимой", др.-русск. зимусь (грам. ок. 1300 г.), болг. зимъс, сербохорв. зи́му̑с древний вин. п. ед. ч. -сь основы на -i. Гадательно. См. сей.
Trubachev's comments: [См. еще Бенвенист, Μνήμης χᾶριν. Gedenkschrift Р. Kretschmer, т. I, 1956, стр. 31 и сл. Проблематична этимология Трубачева (ВСЯ, 2, 1957, стр. 29 и сл.), согласно которой и.-е. *ǵhei-m- "зима" из *ǵhei- : *ǵheu- "лить"; ср. хетт. ḫe(i̯)uš "дождь", греч. χέω "лью"; см. против Вайан, BSL, 53, 1958, стр. 175. -- Т.]
Pages: 2,97
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *ǯeĩm-ā̂ f., *ǯeĩm-ia- c.
Meaning: winter
Lithuanian: žiemà `Winter', žiemī̃-s `Nordwind', pl. žiemiaĩ `Norden'
Lettish: zìema `Winter'
Old Prussian: semo `Winter' V. 15, seamis `Winterkorn, -getreide' V. 257
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *gujōn
Meaning: winter end
Old Norse: gōi f., gō-mānaδr `der Monat von Mitte Februar bis Mitte März'; gȫ f. `eine bestimmte Art des Wetters (ɵula); Monatsname'; gȫ-beytill, gōi-beytill `Equisetum hiemale'; NIsl. gōa
Norwegian: gjö, go, goa f.
Swedish: göjemɔnad `Februar'
Old Danish: gue, göj
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 632
Root: ĝhei-2 : ĝhi-
English meaning: winter; snow
German meaning: `Winter, Schnee'
General comments: nach Specht Dekl. 14, 330 f. alter -men- Stamm, mit schon idg. Wandel von mn zu m.
Material: A. ĝhei-men-, *ĝheimn-: Die r-Erweiterung ist analogisch nach *semero- `sommerlich'.
Ai. hḗman (Lok.) `im Winter', hēmantá-ḥ m. `Winter' (: hitt. gimmanza ds.);
gr. χει̃μα n. `Winter, Wintersturm, Kälte', χειμών m. `Wintersturm, Winterwetter, Winter' (dazu auch χείμαρος `Zapfen', der herausgezogen wurde, wenn das Schiff ans Land gebracht wurde);
alb. geg. dimën m., tosk. dimër(ë) `Winter' (alter Akk. *ĝhei-men-om);
bsl. *žeimā (aus *žeimnā) in lit. žiemà, lett. zìma, apr. semo `Winter' und
aksl. zima, Gen. zimy, russ. zimá, bulg. zíma, skr. zíma, sloven. zíma, čech. zima, poln. zima `Winter'.
hitt. gi-im-ma-an-za `Winter' s. oben.
Dazu ĝheim(e)rinos und ĝheiminos `winterlich'.
In gr. χειμερινός, lat. hibernus (< *gheimrinos), lit. žiemìnis, aksl. zimьnъ, russ. zímnij, skr. zîmnî, čech. zimní (čech. zimný `kalt'), poln. zimny `kalt, winterlich' (vgl. mit ablaut. i in der Wurzelsilbe arm. jmeṙn `Winter').
Zu *ghei- allein: av. zayan-, zaēn- m. `Winter', npers. dai; av. zayana- `winterlich' und mit Vr̥ddhierung ai. hā́yana- `jährlich', hāyaná- m. n. `Jahr' (Reimbildung zu av. hamana `sommerlich').
B. ĝhi̯ōm, ghii̯ōm, Gen. ĝhiemós, ĝhimós, auch ĝhi̯omós (m aus *mn?).
Av. zyā̊ f. `Winter' (Akk. zyąm, Gen. zimō);
arm. jiun `Schnee' (< *ghii̯ōm), Gen. jean (< ĝhii̯on-, s. Meillet Esquisse 45);
gr. χιών (*χιώμ), χιόνος `Schnee';
ligur. mōns Berigiema (`schneetragend'), mit umgestalteter Endung;
lat. hiems, -is `Winter';
mir. gem-adaig `Winternacht' (gam `Winter' ist nach sam `Sommer' umgeformt, vgl. Thurneysen KZ. 59, 2, 8; 61, 253); acymr. gaem, ncymr. gauaf, acorn. goyf, bret. goan̄v, gall. Wintermonat Giamon[ios], Eigenname Giamillus, weitergebildet mir. gem-rad n., mcymr. gaeaf-rawd `Winter'(*ĝhii̯emo-rōto-, zu ret- `laufen'); auch ir. gamuin `jähriges Kalb';
aisl. gōi f. und gǣ f., gōi-mānaðr `der Monat von Mitte Februar bis Mitte März', isl. gōa, u. f., norw. gjø f., schwed. göjemånad (gō- < gi̯ō- nach Bugge Ark. f. nord. Fil. 4, 123 ff.).
Fraglich die Anreihung von an. gamall `alt', gemlingr `jähriges Schaf', ags. gamol `alt', gamelian `altern', as. gigamalod `bejahrt', ahd. nur in Eigennamen wie Gamalbold, Gamalberht, Gamalberga usw. als `bejahrt', vgl. lat. annōsus.
C. ĝhimo- (aus ĝhi-mn-o-?):
Ai. himá-ḥ m. `Kälte, Frost, Schnee', hímā f. `Winter', av. zǝmaka- m. `Wintersturm' (vgl. den Gen. von zyā̊ : zimō unter В.);
gr. δύσχιμος `winterlich, stürmisch', ὁ χίμαρος `Ziegenbock', ἡ χίμαρος `die einjährige (Ziege)', χίμαιρα `Ziege', lat. bīmus (< *bihimos), trīmus, quadrīmus `zwei- usf. jährig' (vgl. ved. śatá-hima- `hundertjährig'), norw. dial. gimber, schwed. dial. gimber, dän. gimmerlam `weibliches Lamm', dial. aber `einjähriges Lamm' (Pedersen KZ. 32, 248), andfrk. (Lex Salica) ingimus? `porcus anniculus'. Die Formen mit y: aisl. gymbr `einjährige Sau', norw. gymber, schwed. gymmer `Lamm' beruhen wahrscheinlich auf Einfluß des nicht verwandten - übrigens ungedeuteten - aisl. gymbill, PN Gumbull, aschwed. gummerlamb `Widder', isl. gummarr, norw. gumse, schwed. gumse `Widder', siehe Hellquist SvEO. 210.
References: WP. 1 546 ff., WH. I 106, 645 f., Trautmann 367, Specht KZ. 53, 307 f.
Pages: 425-426
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVMV
Meaning : winter, cold
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QVmV
Meaning: cold, frost
Comments and references : Cf. IE.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Kem
Meaning: cold
Burmese: khjamh be cold, freeze.
Comments: Ben. 51; Mat. 177. Cf. also Konyak Wancho raŋ-kam 'cold'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-burm,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *gä̀m (~-ǝ̀m)
Meaning: cool
Sunwar: gam-ca to cool
Limbu: hāmā̆mā cold
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-lim,kiret-yam,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: yemma II
Stem: <yeps- ; yem->
Grammar: v.intr.
Meaning: to be cool, to be cold to the touch.
Nepali: ciso hunu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *ɣamú
Meaning: ice, frost
Yasin: ɣamú
Hunza: ɣamú
Nagar: ɣamú
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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