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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *uluɣ-
Meaning: to crumple, to rub to soften (skin)
Russian Meaning: мять, разминать (шкуру)
Sirenik: uɫǝ́χtǝqǝ̄́χtǝʁá (esp. wool)
Chaplino: ulúɣaqā
Naukan: ulúɣāqa
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: uluɣ- else 'to massage'
Central Alaskan Yupik: uluɣ-
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 367
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *uluɣ-
Meaning: to rub to soften (skin), to crumple
Russian meaning: разминать шкуру, сминать
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 367
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *uluɣ-
Meaning: to rub and twidt (skin or clothing)
Russian meaning: растирать и скручивать (шкуру или одежду)
Seward Peninsula Inupik: uluk-
SPI Dialects: Imaq ulúɣaɣa
North Alaskan Inupik: uluk-
Western Canadian Inupik: uluk-
Eastern Canadian Inupik: uluk-
Greenlandic Inupik: uluɣ- 'to rub to soften (skin)'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 367
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-wci,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *bVlV
Meaning: to pierce, bore
Indo-European: *bhl- in *bhlaǵ-, *bhleiǵ- ?
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ŭ́le
Meaning: to rub, whet
Russian meaning: тереть, растирать, точить
Comments: Turk. *bile- is usually derived from *bij 'edge' (q. v.) which is hardly the case (*bijle- cannot be reconstructed). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bile-
Meaning: 1 to sharpen 2 whetstone
Russian meaning: 1 точить 2 точильный камень
Turkish: bile- 1
Tatar: belɛw 2
Middle Turkic: bile- 1,bilew 2 (Pav. C.) Azerbaidzhan: bülöv, bilöv 2
Turkmen: bilev 2
Shor: pile 2
Oyrat: bilü 2
Chuvash: pǝʷlev 2
Kirghiz: bülö 2
Kazakh: bilew 2
Noghai: bilew 2
Bashkir: beläw 2
Balkar: bile- 1, bilew 2
Gagauz: bile- 1, bilä 2
Karaim: bile- 1, bülew 2
Kumyk: bile- 1, bilew 2
Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 142-143, EDT 332-333 (< *bi 'blade', denom. - but Turkm. shortness contradicts this derivation). Turk. *bile-gü > Mong. *bile-ɣü id., see Щербак 1997, 106. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *büle-
Meaning: to bore, prick, incise (with a knife etc.)
Russian meaning: колоть, надрезать (ножом и т. п.)
Written Mongolian: büle- (L 146) Khalkha: büle-
Kalmuck: bül-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bula
Meaning: thorn
Russian meaning: шип, колючка
Spoken Manchu: bǝlā (2160)
Literary Manchu: bula
Comments: ТМС 1, 106. Attested only in Manchu, with possible external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pjǝ̀ró
Meaning: inkstone (for rubbing the ink from an ink stick)
Russian meaning: чернильный камень
Modern Korean: pjǝru
Middle Korean: pjǝ̀ró
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 752
Proto: *pelV
English meaning: to pierce, stick into
German meaning: stechen
Mordovian: peĺe-, peĺa- (E), päĺe-, päĺa- (M) 'bohren'
Khanty (Ostyak): pel- (V O), pet- (DN) 'stechen; schneiden'
Mansi (Vogul): pēĺ- (KU) 'stechen, schneiden', pēl-, pēĺ- (P), pēl- (So.) 'durchdringen, scharf sein', pēl- (N) 'stechen'
Sammalahti's version: *peδä- (mit rejected Lp)
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *viḷ-
Meaning : to split, crack
dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *viḷ-
Meaning : to open out, crack
Tamil : viḷ (viḷv-, viṇṭ-)
Tamil meaning : to open out, expand, unfold as a blossom, crack, split; burst, be at variance, become clear, be separated from
Tamil derivates : viḷkai leaving; viḷḷal separation, unfolding as of a flower; viḷavu (viḷavi-) to split, burst asunder; n. cleft, crack
Malayalam : viḷḷuka
Malayalam meaning : to burst open, crack, break
Malayalam derivates : viḷḷal hollow, rent; viḷḷu crack, aperture; viḷuruka to split, open; viḷurkka to open, unfold, spread
Tulu : bulluni, buḷḷuni
Tulu meaning : a sore or wound to enlarge; crack, slit
Tulu derivates : bullāvuni to enlarge a sore, etc., split, make a crack; buluni to be open
Number in DED : 5432
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *viḷ-ŋ-
Meaning : to spread
Parji : velŋg- "to spread (sore, etc.)"
Additional forms : Also Parji velkip- (velkit-) to spread (tr.), extend
Number in DED : 5432
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *viḷi-
Meaning : to be separated, split
Notes : Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *viṛ-
Meaning : to crack (e.g. earth in dry weather)
Koya Gondi : viṛ-
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ko viṛp- to spread out (tr.)
Number in DED : 5432
Number in CVOTGD : 3253, 3255
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : vīṛ- (-it-)
Meaning: to become separated
Additional forms : Also Konda vīṛp- to separate by tearing apart
Number in DED : 5432
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛa-z-
Meaning : (earth) to crack
Pengo : ṛazba-
Number in DED : 5432
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vḷī-
Meaning : to expand, swell; to burst
Kui : vlēnda (vlēndi-), (Gramm.) vlēnḍa (vlēnḍi-) "to rise, expand, swell, distend"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : raiyali "to burst"
Kuwi (Schulze) : lainai "to burst"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : ṛay- (-it-) "to be cracked (stone)"
Kuwi (Israel) : ṛāy- (-it-) "to crack, (boil) to burst"
Additional forms : Also Kui pl. action vlētka (vlētki-); vlēpa (vlēt-) to swell, distend; vlēpka (< vlēk-p-; vlēkt-) to cause to expand, stretch, widen out
Notes : A former bisyllabic base. In Kui it exists by itself (*vḷi- > vlē-), as well as extended by the suffix -nd- (or is it -nḍ-?). In Kuwi *vḷi- > *vḷay- > *ḷay-.
Number in DED : 5432
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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