Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *kaŋ[r]u

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: snow goose, canadian goose 1, sea-duck 2

Russian Meaning: полярный гусь, утка-морянка

Chaplino: kāŋu (t) 1, kāŋʁwāk (ɣǝt), káŋwak* 2 (~ kuʁúwik 'seagull')

Naukan: kaŋōliq 'sharp-winged black seagull'

Chugach (AAY): KP kaŋ_uq, PWS kam_uk 'brant'

Koniag (AAY): AP kaŋ_uq 'brant'

Central Alaskan Yupik: kaŋuq 1

Nunivak (Peripheral): kaŋoq* 1

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 158

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *kaŋ[r]u

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: polar goose

Russian meaning: полярный гусь

Proto-Yupik: *kaŋ[r]u

Proto-Inupik: kaŋu-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 158

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *kạŋų-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: snow goose

Russian meaning: полярный гусь

Seward Peninsula Inupik: kaŋuq

SPI Dialects: W kaŋoq* (ūk, ut)

North Alaskan Inupik: kaŋuq

NAI Dialects: B, Ingl kaŋoq*

Western Canadian Inupik: kaŋuq

WCI Dialects: Cor kaŋoq*

Eastern Canadian Inupik: kaŋuq

Greenlandic Inupik: kaŋuq (kangoq*)

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 158

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *kaNV

Meaning: a k. of bird

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *kā̀nu

Eskimo-Aleut: *kaŋ[r]u (cf. also *qǝŋa-ɫǝɣ)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *keŋŭ (cf. also *kiŋhǝt)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *kā̀nu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: swan

Russian meaning: лебедь

Mongolian: *kuna

Tungus-Manchu: *kāŋgu

Korean: *kón

Comments: SKE 123.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kuna

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: swan

Russian meaning: лебедь

Written Mongolian: quna, qun, quŋ (L 986)

Middle Mongolian: qun (HY 14, SH)

Khalkha: xun

Buriat: xun(g)

Kalmuck: xunǝ

Ordos: xun

Comments: KW 197.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kāŋgu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of duck

Russian meaning: вид утки

Evenki: kan-dirā, dial. koŋor

Even: qōŋāl

Negidal: kaŋgụ, kōŋalān, koŋodō

Literary Manchu: χoŋGo(lo)n

Ulcha: qaŋGụlị

Orok: qoŋGolo

Nanai: qāŋGọ

Udighe: kaŋgu (Корм. 245)

Comments: ТМС 1, 373-374, 410. Because of recurring long vowel in Evn., Neg. and Nan. shortness in dialectal Evk. forms should be probably regarded as secondary (misrecorded length?).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kón

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: swan

Russian meaning: лебедь

Modern Korean: koni

Middle Korean: kón

Comments: Nam 50, KED 136.

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *keŋŭ

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): пестрая чайка

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *kạŋụ-

Proto-Itelmen: *keŋe-č

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *kạŋụ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): черная морская чайка, чайка-разбойник

Chukchee: kɛŋu=

Koryak: kaŋu-ljaq (III)

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *keŋe-č

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): пестрая морская птица

West Itelmen: kẹnńeč

West Itelmen meaning: mergulus marinus niger ventre, albo plumis, angustis albis auritus

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ptak morski

Comments: На велярный носовой указывает использование Дыбовским знака для "ять" = [ẹ].

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVNV

Meaning : a k. of bird

Eurasiatic : *kaNV

Sino-Caucasian : *qV̄́ŋɦǝ̄

Austric : PAN *kanaway, *kaŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *qV̄́ŋɦǝ̄

Meaning: a k. of large bird

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *q_ǝnɦǝ̄ / *q_ǝmɦǝ̄

Sino-Tibetan: *q(h)ʷa (~ɣʷ-)

Yenisseian: *qǟŋa

Burushaski: *ɣám-

Basque: *kaio

Comments and references : Cf. Eyak Gǝnuh 'bird'

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q_ǝnɦǝ̄ / *q_ǝmɦǝ̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: raven, crow

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q:ʷomHo

Proto-Dargwa: *q:Iana

Proto-Lezghian: *qIan:

Proto-Khinalug: q:amar

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Despite some variation (between -n- and -m-) the root seems reliable enough.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q:ʷomHo

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 raven 2 jackdaw, rook

Avar: nuq:á 1

Andian language: q:ommo 1

Akhvakh: qʷa 2

Comments: Av. paradigm B (nuq:á-dul, nuq:-bí); the Av. form is metathesized. Av. > Cham. Gig. nuq:a 'kite'. The And. form is quoted from Khaidakov 1973; in Akhv. we would expect q:-, thus qʷa (in a MSU recording of Northern Akhvakh) is probably a misspelling.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *q:Iana

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crow

Akusha: q:aIna

Chiragh: q:ulq:a-q:Iana

Comments: Cf. also Chir. c̣at:ar-q:Iana 'jackdaw' (lit. 'black q:Iana'); Ur. q:Iana, Kub. q:ina, Tsud. q:Iana, Kad. ʁIana et al. 'crow'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *qIan:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 crow 2 rook

Agul: qIad 2

Rutul: qIad 1

Tsakhur: qIan 1

Archi: qIipi-χIan 1

Udi: ʁIaina 1

Comment: Obl. base *qIan:a-, cf. Tsakh. (Gelm.) qIana-. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. Archi has a compound with qIipi- (see *p:eq).

    See Лексика 1971, 150.

Khinalug etymology :

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *q(h)ʷa (~ɣʷ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of bird

Tibetan: go-bo a large eagle or vulture.

Kachin: u- in u-mai 'feather', u-di 'egg' [related in STEDT 96 to *wu 'egg', see *QǝwH).

Lushai: sa-va bird, KC *wa.

Kiranti: *wa

Comments: Mikir vo; Magari gwa; Chepang wa; Karen: Taungthu wa. Sh. 142; Ben. 35.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *wa

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: bird

Tulung: -wa in ʒãwwa peacock (=K ʒɔ)

Limbu: wā fowl

Kulung: chɔ-wa 'bird', wā 'chicken'

Yamphu: soŋ-a, soŋ-wa 'bird', wa 'chicken'

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: waʔ

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: chicken.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: chɔwa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: bird

Nepali: carā.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: wa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: chicken.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *qǟŋa

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kite; owl

Ket: qa:ŋǝ⁴ (Kur.), Bak., Sur. qa:ŋǝ⁴ / qaŋǝ⁴, South. qaŋ⁴; pl. qāŋen¹ "kite"

Yug: xa:^hŋ, pl. xaŋen¹ (cf. also М., Сл. xáhaŋa 'hawk')

Kottish: kéŋa-fuj (Ass.) "owl"

Comments: ССЕ 257. Werner 2, 68 <*qaʔǝŋǝ>. The roots *qǟŋa and *kVg- (q.v.) are actively contaminating; the former must have originally meant a hawk or kite, while the latter - some kind of owl.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ɣámun

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: crow

Yasin: ɣámun

Hunza: ɣa

Nagar: ɣa

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *kaio

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 a kind of seagull 2 seagull (a large variety, ashy white in color) 3 skua

Bizkaian: (Lekeitio) kaio 2

Gipuzkoan: kaio, (Zumaya) kaio 2, (Donostia) kaio moriko 3

High Navarrese: (Ondarrabia) kaio 2

Comments: One of the words in which the original nasal (PSC *qV̄́ŋɦǝ̄) has been lost: cf. Bsq *(e=)kee 'smoke' (PSC *ḳwɨ̆́ŋħV), Bsq *siHi ‘wedge, skewer, spit’ (PSC *c̣VŋHV́, etc.

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