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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVNV
Meaning : face, forehead
Amerind (misc.) : *pa(n) 'ear' (R 196) ? Reference : ND 1751 *ṗäŋV 'forehead' globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pVNV ?
Meaning: face, head
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pi̯ànà ( ~ *p`-)
Meaning: face (colour), colour
Russian meaning: цвет лица, цвет
Comments: A TM-Kor. isogloss. One of the cases of prefixed *s- in body parts in Korean (cf. *s-pjǝ́ 'bone', *s-pɨ́r 'horn', *s-kòrí 'tail'). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pian-
Meaning: 1 appearance, face, colour 2 face side
Russian meaning: 1 внешность, лицо, цвет 2 лицевая сторона
Literary Manchu: f́an 1
Udighe: ṕäńia (Bik.) 2 ( < South.)
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *s-pám
Meaning: cheek
Russian meaning: щека
Modern Korean: p:jam
Middle Korean: spám
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 739
Proto: *päŋe
English meaning: head
German meaning: Kopf, Haupt
Finnish: pää 'Kopf, Haupt'
Estonian: peä, pää
Saam (Lapp): bagŋe -āŋ- (N) 'the thickest part of the reindeer antler, by the head'
Mordovian: pe, pä (E), pe (M) 'Ende'
Udmurt (Votyak): pum (S G), puŋ (K) 'Ende, Grenze, Spitze'
Komi (Zyrian): pon (S PO), pom (Peč.) 'Ende; Anfang, Spitze'
Mansi (Vogul): päŋ (TJ), päŋk (KU P), puŋk (So.) 'Kopf, Haupt'
Hungarian: fej, fő (acc. fejet)
Nenets (Yurak): ṕa- (O) 'anfangen, beginnen' ?
Enets (Yen): pɛʔ
Nganasan (Tawgi): feai, feae 'Ende, Gipfel, Äußerstes'
Sammalahti's version: FU *päŋi
Yukaghir parallels: UEW: Juk < Ur
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-samm2,uralet-yuk,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pVn-
Meaning: face
Notes: Cf. HSED, 802 *fin- 'nose; smell': Hgr, Wlm.; Beja 'scent, smell'; Bil. 'to smell'
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-ech,afaset-agw,afaset-scu,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 76
Proto-Semitic: *pan-
Meaning: face
Akkadian: pānu 'Vorderseite', pl. 'Gesicht' OAkk on [AHw 818]. One wonders on what grounds the long ā is traditionally postulated for this AKK word
Ugaritic: pn; also pl. pnm 'Antlitz' [Aist 256]
Canaanite: MOAB pny (pl.constr.) [HJ 918]
Phoenician: pn [T 265]
Hebrew: pānīm (pl.tant.) [KB 937]. Curiously enough, the derived adverb pǝnī́mā means 'inside, inward'
Aramaic: OFF pnh, l-pnmh [HJ 918]
Jibbali: fɛ́nɛ (also 'front part') [JJ 59]
Soqotri: fáne (féne) [LS 337], [SSL LS 1455-56]
Notes: Often in the plural. Cf. very likely derived ARB fināʔ- 'cours devant une maison' [BK 2 640]; SAB fnw 'space outside, immediate surroundings, front of building' [SD 45], MIN fnwt 'champ, espace extérieur; environs immédiats; fac̣ade d'un édifice' [LM 33].
Derived from 'face' are also MSA: MHR fǝnfǝnw- (redupl.) 'earlier; in front of, before', fōnǝh 'earlier' [JM 96] and HRS fēn 'before, in front of', fenōhen 'forward, earlier' [JH 33].
Leslau [LGz 163] compares GEZ fannawa 'to send away' and related ETH terms to ARB fny 'to turn to, turn away' (in [BK 2 639] 'disparaître') and related SEM verbs with the meanings 'to turn towards, go to' [ibid.], which he, following a Semitological tradition, qualifies as denominatives from 'face, front' (for a similar semantic shift, see ARB waǯǯaha 'diriger, tourner' [BK 2 1494] < waǯh- 'face, visage' [ibid.]); AFRASIAN data, however, seems to point to two different roots.
[Fron 44] (*panw- 'faccia' /SOQ, ARB fināʔ- 'corte esterna', SYR panǝtō 'dorso della nabi mano', HBR,UGR,AKK/); [Holma 13] (referring to HBR and SYR: "Die Verba pānā, pǝnā 'wenden' sind sicher erst davon denominiert"): AKK, HBR, SYR (pǝnītā 'Richtung'), ARB (fināʔ-) ; [KB 937]: HBR, PHO, MOAB, ARM OFF, UGR, AKK, SYR (pǝnītā), ARB (fināʔ-), SAB (pnwt 'in front of', erroneously transcribed with p-); [LS 337]: SOQ, HBR, AKK
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-can,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-jib,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *funfan-
Meaning: 'muzzle, nose' 1, 'jaw' 2
Ayr: i-fǝnfan-ăn 1
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ă-funfan 1, 2
Tawllemmet: a-fǝnfan 1
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ayr,brbet-ahg,brbet-twl,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *pVn-
Meaning: 'temple'
Kera: pǝ̀n-ày [Cp]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-ker,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *fin-
Meaning: 'forehead, face'
Awiya (Aungi): fen, feni
Notes: Con Ross
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-aun,agwet-notes,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *pand- (<*pan-t-?)
Meaning: 'abnormal backward extention of skull' 1, 'forehead, brow' 2
Iraqw (Mbulu): panda 1
Alagwa (Wasi): paanda 2
Burunge (Mbulungi): paanda 2
Notes: Ehr HRSC 339. Otherwise <*pand, cf. *p/baʔ/nd-
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-irq,scuet-alg,scuet-bur,scuet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pVŋKV ( ~ *b-)
Meaning: cheek; jaw
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*Pēŋ ?]
Meaning: cheek
Kachin: (H) bam-bam the cheek.
Lushai: biaŋ cheek.
Lepcha: a-boŋ mouth
Comments: Cf. also Chang (Konyak) sam-puŋ, Naga *paŋ 'mouth'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pi(ŋ)kaʒ
Meaning: jaw
Ket: hiɣat6
Yug: figači5, pl. figačaŋ (Werner 1, 319 also has fi'at, fi'adɨŋ)
Arin: piŋáiŋ (М., Сл., Кл.) "lip", (Лоск.) pɨnej "lips"
Pumpokol: pinét (Сл.) "chin", (Сл., Срсл.) "cheeks"
Comments: ССЕ 249-250. The stem contains a usual body part suffix -aʒ; the Yug form figači, as proposed by Werner, reflects a different compound, with Yug čɨʔ 'head'. Werner unites all the forms presented under *binč- and *pi(ŋ)ka-ʒ under a reconstruction *phigǝ / *phin, saying (literally): "in *phin läßt sich eine alte Pluralform von *phig vermuten; kot., ass. pun- läßt auch PJ *phɨn- vermuten; ar-. -džal, kot., ass. -džol, -čol läßt sich mit kot. šal 'Schneide' vergleichen". The whole of this explanation appears utterly improbable.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *pVŋ
Meaning: head, top
Proto-Austroasiatic: *pV:ŋ Austroasiatic meaning: head, above
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao boŋ.2 mountain, mountain peak
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *pV:ŋ
Meaning: head, above
Proto-Monic: M kboaŋ I?
Proto-Khmu: *poŋ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *pǝ:ŋ
Meaning: upstream, above
Presyllable: #
References: P-616; TK14.13; TK14.11
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *pǝ:ŋ
Meaning: upstream, above
Presyllable: #
Bru Van Keu: pǝŋ.T
Bru Van Keu meaning: above
So: pʌ:ŋ.N
So meaning: on, above
Bru: pʌ:ŋ.N
Bru meaning: above
Kui: pâ:ŋ.N
Kui meaning: on, above
Ngeu: pɔ:ŋ.N
Ngeu meaning: above
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *pVŋ
Meaning: upstream, above
Presyllable: #
Lao Katu: pi:ŋ, puŋ
Lao Katu meaning: up high, above; pǝpi:ŋ top end
Ngeq: pǝ:ŋ
Ngeq meaning: above, north
Kri: pʌ:ŋ
Chatong: pi:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (1): ʔapʌŋ V?
Dakkan dialects (2): gɔh pɨ:ŋ
Dakkan meaning: above
Katu dialects (1): rǝpi:ŋ S?
Katu dialects (3): kɔh pi:ŋ above
Katu meaning: behind house
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kr,ekatet-ct,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,ekatet-and,ekatet-hkv,ekatet-katme,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *piǝŋ
Meaning: above
Presyllable: #
Proto-West Bahnaric: *pɨǝŋ References: JS-878
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-nob,banet-web,banet-refer,
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North Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-Bahnaric:
Meaning: above
Sedang form: pɛŋ.L, peŋ.L
Sedang meaning: above, upper
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,
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West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *pɨǝŋ
Meaning: above
Jaru form: pɨaŋ
Jaru meaning: above
Brao form: pɨ:ŋ
Brao meaning: on top of
References: JS-878
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: buŋ
Old Khmer: wuŋ
Old Khmer Meaning: high; peak
Comments: cf. 769
References: P453
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-comm,kmret-ref,
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