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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVNV
Meaning : insect, worm
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *lVŋV
Meaning: a k. of insect
Comments: For Ur. *lint- / *lunt- cf. rather Yuk. *ĺaŋδia (??Nivkh *harŋi) 'goose'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *lewǝ-
Meaning: louse
Celtic: OCorn lowen, NCorn lūan, pl. lūan `Laus'; OCymr leu-esicc `von Läusen zerfressen', NCymr lleuen, pl. llau, Bret laouen `Laus'
Russ. meaning: насекомое (вошь)
piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *lǖ-l-iā̃ f.
Meaning: louse
Lithuanian: liū̃lē 'Laus'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *lūs
Meaning: louse
Old Norse: lūs, pl. lǖss f. `Laus'
Norwegian: lus
Swedish: lus
Danish: lus
Old English: lūs, pl. lǖs f. `louse'
English: louse
Middle Dutch: luus f.
Dutch: luis f.
Middle Low German: lūs
Old High German: lūs (9. Jh.)
Middle High German: lūs st. f. 'laus'
German: Laus f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1201
Root: lū̆s, Gen. luu̯-ós
English meaning: louse
German meaning: `Laus' (*Tier?)
General comments: oft tabuistisch entstellt
Material: Abrit. *luu̯ā > lou̯ā > cymr. llau `Läuse' (Sg. lleuen), corn. low bret. laou, Vannes leu ds.; ags. mnd. ahd. aisl. lūs f. `Laus'; aisl. lȳski f. `Läusekrankheit';
mit tabuistischer Entstellung: ai. уū́-kā, pali ū-kā, prakrit ūā; lit. u-tė̃, und (mit Ablaut und Reduplikation) víevesa, vievesà f.; ksl. vъšь, Serb. vȁš, Gen. vȅši und ûš, usw. (*usi-);
über toch. В luwa `Tier', Pl. lwāsa s. Pedersen Toch. 72; vgl. dän. olyr `Tier' und `Laus'; oder zu aksl. lovъ oben S. 655?
References: WP. II 443, Specht Idg. Dekl. 44, Trautmann 336, Lohmann ZceltPh. 19, 62 ff.
Pages: 692
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *li̯òŋè
Meaning: a k. of insect
Russian meaning: вид насекомого
Comments: The root is not well attested and somewhat insecure, denoting some small insect (bug or butterfly). But the correspondences are regular and the match seems possible.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *newne, *neɣüne
Meaning: lady bug
Russian meaning: божья коровка
Written Mongolian: neüne (МХТТТ) Khalkha: nǖne
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *loŋ-
Meaning: butterfly
Russian meaning: бабочка
Udighe: loŋto
Comments: ТМС 1, 504. Attested only in Ud., with possible external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *nǝ̀mì ( ~ -ua-, -ui)
Meaning: flea
Russian meaning: блоха
Tokyo: nomí
Kyoto: nómì
Kagoshima: nomí
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 494
Proto: *linta
English meaning: bird
German meaning: Vogel
Finnish: lintu 'Vogel'
Estonian: lind (gen. linnu) 'Vogel; Geflügel, geflügeltes Insekt, bes. Biene; Wild, wildes Tier'
Khanty (Ostyak): ḷünti (V), lintǝ (DN), lĭntǝ (Nɨ.) 'emberiza nivalis; Schneeammer' ?
Sammalahti's version: *lintu !
Addenda: Liv. lin̄D (gen. līnda) 'Vogel; wildes Tier; Biene'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-khn,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *uḷum-/*uḷuŋ-
Meaning : tick
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uḍm dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *uḷuŋ-
Meaning : tick
Tulu : uḷụŋgụ
Tulu meaning : (B-K.) a tick found on the body of animals
Number in DED : 0591
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uḍm
Meaning : tick
Parji : uḍum (pl. uḍmul)
Number in DED : 591
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *uḷum-
Meaning : tick, parasite
Notes : Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *uṛm
Meaning : tick
Betul Gondi : urūm (pl. urūhk)
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : urūm (pl. urūhk)
Muria Gondi : uṛum
Maria Gondi : uṛm(i)
Adilabad Gondi : uṛūm (Su.)
Durg Gondi : uṛum
Number in DED : 591
Number in CVOTGD : 277
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-gondi_d,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛūm-
Meaning : tick
Manda : ṛūme
Number in DED : 591
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *uḷm-a
Meaning : tick, parasite
Kui : ḍūmba "tick, insect parasite"
Kuwi (Schulze) : lūma "horsefly"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : ṛu'ma "tick"
Kuwi (Israel) : ṛu'ma "tick"
Notes : In Kui *-ḷm- > *-lm-. The cluster was then split in all dialects, implying either the glottal stop or vowel lengthening.
Number in DED : 591
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *nǝŋr[uʁra-], *m-
Meaning: spider, grasshopper
Russian meaning: паук, кузнечик
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 227
esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *nǝŋru/i-(ʁra-) (~ *m-)
Meaning: spider 1, grasshopper 2
Russian Meaning: паук 1, кузнечик 2
Sirenik: ~ mǝránucʔá (< "mǝnrúʁca ?)
Chaplino: nǝŋzīk (ɣǝt) 2
Chugach (AAY): AP nǝŋuʁjaq
Nunivak (Peripheral): nǝɣuʁjaχ, niχ'χaq [Ras.]
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 227
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-chug,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nIɣruaʁruɣ (~ *m-)
Meaning: spider
Russian meaning: паук
Seward Peninsula Inupik: niɣruaʁruk
North Alaskan Inupik: niɣruaʁruk
WCI Dialects: Net niɣruaʁruk, niɣjuaʁzuk [B.-S.], Car niɣjuaʁjuk [Ras.], Cop nigyuq* [Ras.]
ECI Dialects: Tar nijjuajuk, mijjuajū̆k 'small spider that hangs at end of thread and does not build web', Igl niɣjuk [B.-S.]
Greenlandic Inupik: niššavaʁšuk (nigssavarssuk*)
GRI Dialects: NG nixxāχχuk, EG nittivaʁtik
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 227
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-nai,inupet-wcis,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣wä́ŋHV̆
Meaning: a k. of insect
Comments and references : LV A22.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nɦäƛ̣_wV̆
Meaning: gadfly
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Although not widely represented outside the Av.-And. area, the root seems quite reliable both phonetically and semantically. It is interesting to note the root's full homonymousness with PNC *nHäƛ̣_wV 'blue' (q.v.): perhaps it had meant originally "a blue (or green) insect".
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *niḳ:ʷV
Meaning: gadfly
Avar: niḳ:
Chadakolob: niḳ
Andian language: nič̣:u
Akhvakh: niḳ:i (Tlan.)
Chamalal: nuṣa
Karata: niḳ:e (Anch.)
Comments: Av. paradigm C (niḳ:í-l, níḳ:a-l), but Chad. A (níḳi-l, níḳa-l). Cf. also Kar. Tok. niḳ́:a, niḳ:u.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: naIḳu
Meaning: dragonfly
Lak form: naIḳu
Comments: Lak. naIḳu is an exact match for PA *niḳ:ʷV etc. However, the Laki for "gadfly" is aIḳ (Khosr. aIḳʷ), which seems also to be related, but with a strange loss of initial n- (some old dialectal interference?). Note also Lak. Bartkh. laIḳu "dragonfly", where initial l- is probably a reminiscence of the former lateral nature of the Inlaut affricate.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *näIƛ̣:ʷVj /*ƛ̣:ʷäInVj
Meaning: 1 bee 2 gadfly
Lezghian: k:uni (Khl.) 1
Archi: naIƛ̣:u 2
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Kur. k:uni 'bee'. The Lezg. form is metathesized, while Archi preserves the old order of phonemes.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛŭŋ
Meaning: insect, worm
Tibetan: lćoŋ tadpole.
Burmese: kjǝuŋh locust.
Lepcha: tă-ljaŋ bŭ a spec. of worm: it is said to convey itself into the tails of cows to render them brittle
Comments: PG *puL-luŋ caterpillar; BG: Garo dzoʔoŋ, Dimasa yuŋ; Banpara tśoŋ caterpillar; Trung bǝ3-liŋ1 fly. Sh. 435; Ben. 34; Coblin 98.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 蟲
Modern (Beijing) reading: chóng
Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhuŋ
Classic Old Chinese: Łhuŋ
Western Han Chinese: Łhǝuŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝuŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: dhɨuŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhuŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: dhuŋ
Middle Chinese: ḍüŋ
English meaning : insect, small bird
Russian meaning[s]: 1) насекомое; пресмыкающееся; червяк; червеобразный; 2) животное (общее понятие); 3) Чун (фамилия)
Shuowen gloss: 有足謂之蟲.無足謂之�.從三蟲.凡蟲之屬皆從蟲. [676]
Comments: Used also for a homonymous *Łhuŋ 'be hot (of weather). Standard Sino-Viet. is trùng. For *Łh (besides MC ḍ) cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou thaŋ2, Fuzhou thöŋ2. Note that Viet. sùng may go back to PAA *sǝ-rVŋ 'worm, centipede' ( = Khmer srɨŋ) - in which case any resemblance to Chinese is just coincidental.
Radical: 142
Four-angle index: 8719
Karlgren code: 1009 c
Vietnamese reading: sùng
Jianchuan Bai: cü7,-cü̃7
Dali Bai: cü7
Bijiang Bai: ćü7
Shijing occurrences: 14.1_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2378
Character: 蟲
MC description : 通合三平東澄
ZIHUI: 5722 2673
Beijing: c̣huŋ 12
Jinan: c̣huŋ 12
Xi'an: pfhoŋ 12
Taiyuan: chuŋ 1
Hankou: choŋ 12
Chengdu: choŋ 12
Yangzhou: chɔuŋ 12
Suzhou: zoŋ 12
Wenzhou: ʒ́yoŋ 12
Changsha: c̣hoŋ 12
Shuangfeng: ʒ́in 12
Nanchang: chuŋ 12
Meixian: chuŋ 12
Guangzhou: čhuŋ 12
Xiamen: thiɔŋ 12 (lit.); thaŋ 12
Chaozhou: thaŋ 12
Fuzhou: töyŋ 12 (lit.); tyŋ 12
Shanghai: zoŋ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: čhiuŋ 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *lVN
Meaning: worm
Austroasiatic meaning: worm
Proto-Austronesian: *gelaŋ
Austronesian meaning: earthworm; intestinal worm
Proto-Thai: hlɨam.A python; ʔciŋ hlen.A small lizard
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lɛ:n
Meaning: lizard
Thai: ʔciŋ hlen.A small lizard
Khmer: thle:n
Proto-Khmu: VnK lɛ:n
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kmr,aaet-kmu,
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