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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVNV
Meaning : to suffer, die
Amerind (misc.) : *wanu 'die' (R 171) [+ A]?; *ino 'sleep' (R 648) Notes : Cf. also Amer. *wono 'lose' (R 445) [+ A] and Nostr. *HumŋV 'sleep, forget'; *ŋūjV 'sleep'; SH *nVyVh-, *ḥVwVn- ?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *enV
Meaning: to suffer; pain
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ḗnV
Meaning: pain, sickness
Russian meaning: боль, болезнь
Comments: KW 122, Poppe 69. A Western isogloss. Despite Doerfer MT 47, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ēn-
Meaning: 1 to suffer 2 to be abashed, distressed 4 colic 5 to grizzle, slug 6 (birth) pains, labours 7 impatience 8 drag, disturbance 9 flaw, fault 10 obtuse, absent-minded 11 to torture, offend
Russian meaning: 1 страдать 2 растеряться, прийти в замешательство 4 колика 5 капризничать, нежиться 6 потуги, родовые схватки 7 нетерпение 8 обуза, помеха 9 упущение, промах 10 рассеянный, бестолковый 11 мучить, обижать
Old Turkic: enegü 4 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: enčik- 'to lose feelings' (MK, KB), enegü 4 (MK), enit- (AH) 2 Turkish: inǯi- 1
Tatar: intek- 1, enǯe-le- 5
Middle Turkic: entük- 1
Uzbek: entik- 1
Uighur: inǯik 6
Azerbaidzhan: inǯi- 1
Oyrat: enči 6, enčik 7
Halaj: ịnǯi- 1
Chuvash: andъx- 1, 7, anzux 'dumb, sclerotic person'
Yakut: enn'e-lik 8, enči 9
Kirghiz: ente-le- 2, entik- 'to suffer from dyspnoea', enȫ 10
Noghai: enew 4
Bashkir: intek- 1, inte- 11
Balkar: inǯi- 1
Gagauz: enǯek 'newborn'
Karaim: inǯɨt-, inčit- 11 (T)
Kumyk: inǯi- 1
Comments: EDT 174, 184, ЭСТЯ 1, 283, Егоров 29. Doerfer (Khal.) suggests Arabic origin, which is quite improbable. Vowel length is suggested by the voiced -ǯ- of the suffix in several languages. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ene-ri, -l-
Meaning: 1 to feel pity, compassion 2 to suffer
Russian meaning: 1 жалеть, сострадать 2 страдать
Written Mongolian: eneri- 1, enel- 2 (L 317) Middle Mongolian: eneri-kui (HY 40), eneri- (MA) 1 Khalkha: enere- 1, enele- 2
Buriat: enel- 2
Kalmuck: enḷ- 2
Ordos: enel- 2
Mogol: ZM inäl 'lament, complain' (4-8b) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *enū-
Meaning: 1 illness, pain 2 to feel pain, be sick
Russian meaning: 1 болезнь, боль 2 болеть, испытывать боль
Evenki: enū 1, enūt- 2
Even: en 1, en- 2
Negidal: enux 1, enū- 2
Literary Manchu: en seme 'groan'
Ulcha: enū 1, enu- 2
Orok: enu- 2, enū 1
Nanai: enusi- 2, enū 1
Oroch: enu- 2
Udighe: ene 1
Solon: enūn- 2, enexū 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 454-455. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *aṇá-ŋ-
Meaning : to suffer; to suppress
Notes : Cf. also Betul Gondi an-c-ānā "to press". Considering that one of the meanings in Tamil is "be slain", it is possible to suggest historical derivation from P(S)DR *aṇai- 'to extinguish, die' (in which case the Gondi match hardly fits, but it is an isolated one-dialect form anyway). In DEDR the Kolami-Gadba forms are grouped with PDR *aẓí- 'to perish, be ruined', but the nasal consonant in PKG is too well defined to ignore; the current etymology seems to be just as plausible semantically and better phonetically. // Present in 3/6 branches. dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *aṇ-ŋ- ~ *aṇa-ŋ-
Meaning : to suffer
Tamil : aṇaŋku (aṇaŋki-)
Tamil meaning : to suffer, be distressed, be slain; to afflict; n. pain, affliction, killing
Tamil derivates : an_uŋku (an_uŋki-) to suffer pain, be in distress, fade, droop; an_ukku (an_ukki-) to distress, cause to suffer, ruin; an_ukkam suffering, distress, pain, weakness
Kannada : aṇaku
Kannada meaning : to press into a narrower compass, subdue, control
Kannada derivates : aṇacu to depress, humble; aṇaka closeness, compactness, firmness, state of being in good repair; aṇakuve humbleness, modesty; aṇagu to hide, disappear, be humbled, crouch; aṇuŋku to depress, humble, abate, ruin, destroy; aṇuŋgu to be depressed, etc.
Tulu : aṇaka
Tulu meaning : narrowness, closeness; narrow, small
Notes : The root is met in monosyllabic form as well as with *-a- in the second syllable; both variants are always accompanied with a derivative nasal velar suffix. The alternation between -ṇa- and -n_u- in Tamil is strange, since Kannada clearly points to PSDR *-ṇ-, yet no regular development *-ṇu- > -n_u- in Tamil is known. A possible explanation is that the original form *aṇ-ŋ- underwent partial assimilation (*an-ŋ-) only after which the epenthetic vowel -u- was added. On the other hand, this explanation is completely invalid if all of these forms are historically derived from *aṇai- 'to be extinguished, die' q.v.. Number in DED : 0112
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *aṇa-ŋ-
Meaning : to yield, submit, be humbled
Telugu : aṇãgu
Additional forms : Also aṇãcu to suppress, humble, subject; aṇãkuva humility, modesty, submissiveness
Number in DED : 112
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *aṇ-k-
Meaning : to kill
Parji : anḍkip- (anḍkit-), (S) nanḍkip- (nanḍkit-) "to destroy, kill"
Salur Gadba : anukci key-
Kondekor Gadba : anuyp-
Additional forms : Also Salur anuyk- to kill, destroy
Notes : Initial n- in South Parji is unclear; quite obviously, it cannot be of archaic origin.
Number in DED : 277
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕan-
Meaning: be tired, be ill
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 973
Proto-Semitic: *ʕanaʔ/y-
Meaning: 'be tired'
Arabic: ʕnʔ/y a,8
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ʕ/han-
Meaning: 'ache' (v.)
Bokos: han [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-bks,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ʔVVn-
Meaning: 'illness'
Mokilko: ʔḕní [JMkk]
Notes: vowel assimilation
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mkk,echet-notes,
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