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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PV
Meaning : that, that near
Afroasiatic : *pa- ??
Amerind (misc.) : *pa 'that' (R 737); ? *aba 'one' (R 528) [+ A K?]; *fei 'this' (R 748) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVbV
Meaning: near
References: Suggested by V. Glumov.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *obh
Meaning: prep./adv.: by
Germanic: *bhī̆
Latin: ob
Russ. meaning: у, об
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: о
Near etymology: II, предл., об, обо, с вин., местн. ед.; употребляется также в качестве приставки; укр., блр. о, об, обо, др.-русск. о, об, ст.-слав. о, об περί, κατά, ἀπό (Дильс, Aksl. Gr. 87 и сл., 123 и сл.), болг. о, об, оби (Младенов 362), сербохорв. о, чеш. о, оb-, слвц. о, оb-, польск. о, оb-, в.-луж., н.-луж. wо, wob, н.-луж. hob.
Further etymology: Праслав. о, о\- (ср. случаи типа оболо́чка, обо́з, обоня́ть и т. д.) следует реконструировать без ъ в конце приставки, потому что только -бв- могло дать -б-. После падения ъ, ь в слабых позициях возникли дублеты типа с : со, в : во, к : ко и аналогично им также обо- наряду с об; Срезн. II, 500 и сл.; Эндзелин, СБЭ 157. Форма о- тоже объясняется из *об- перед согласным; см. Брандт, РФВ 23, 95. Родственно др.-прусск. ер, еb-, аb-, которые передают нем. bе- при перфективации. В слав. совпали два и.-е. предлога: *obhi и *орi : *ерi. Ср. др.-инд. abhí "к, через, из-", авест. aibī, aivi, др.-перс. abiy "сюда", лат. оb с вин. "на-, в-, за-, для", наряду с ор- в ореriō, ороrtеt (Вальде--Гофм. 2, 192 и сл.); от и.-е. *орi : *ерi ср. лит. арiẽ с вин. "об", арi-, ару́-, ар- "о-, об-", лтш. ар "около, вокруг", др.-инд. арi "также, сюда, при, в", авест. аiрi "тоже, к, в", греч. ἐπί, ἔπι "на", ὀπίσ(σ)ω "сзади, назад" (из *орi- ti̯o-), ὄπιθε(ν), ион., атт. ὄπισθε(ν) "сзади, позади". Вероятно, из *ὄπι-τθεν; см. Траутман, ВSW 1; Арr. Sprd. 330; Эндзелин, Лтш. предл. 1, 25 и сл.; СБЭ 157, 199; М.--Э. 1, 71; Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 820 и сл., 838. В арийском *abhi, возможно, совпали и.-е. *obhi и *ɨ̥bhi; последнее ср. в греч. ἀμφί "около, вокруг", лат. ambi, amb- -- то же, др.-ирл. imb- "вокруг", д.-в.-нем. umbi- "вокруг"; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 10. О следах слав. *оbь ср. Розвадовский, RS 2, 87; Мейе--Вайан 155.
Pages: 3,96
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *i̯obo ( ~ *i̯ubi)
Meaning: near, come near
Russian meaning: близкий, приближаться
Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ojira
Meaning: near
Russian meaning: близкий
Written Mongolian: ojira (L 605) Middle Mongolian: ojira, ojiri (HY 52, 55), ojira (SH), wīr(b)ɛ (IM), uiră (MA), ǝira (LH) Khalkha: oirɨn
Buriat: ojro
Kalmuck: ȫrǝ
Ordos: oö̯ro
Dongxian: uira
Shary-Yoghur: öiro, oiro
Mogol: ojrō; ZM ujrā (6-8a) Comments: KW 304-305, MGCD 525. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ibē-
Meaning: to come near
Russian meaning: надвигаться, приближаться
Evenki: iwē-
Spoken Manchu: ivenǝ- 'to move forward' (1188)
Literary Manchu: ibe-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bV
Meaning: deictic stem
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *bV
Meaning: emphatic deictic particle
Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝ Notes: A Tsez-WC isogloss; not very reliable because of rarity of reflexes. It is not excluded that this is the same morpheme as the class marker *b- (q.v.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-cez,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *bV
Meaning: a demonstrative stem
Ginukh: hi-ba-go
Gunzib: bǝ-d
Comments: Used (in conjunction with other deictic particles) for far deixis in Ginukh, but for near deixis in Gunzib.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gin,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝ
Meaning: a demonstrative stem
Abkhaz: a-b-
Abaza: a-b-
Kabardian: (ā)-bǝ
Comments: PAT *(a)bǝ- - an approximating deictic particle (Abkh. ab-ni "that (nearer than ani)", Abaz. abani id. etc.). In AK the particle has survived only in Kab. within the pronoun ā-bǝ 'that'.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *PăjH
Meaning: that, beyond
Tibetan: pha beyond, onward, farther on; the other side.
Burmese: paʔ beyond, tǝpah other, ǝpah close to, by the side of.
Comments: Bodo bí that one, bǝ́y that one (away). See Luce 4; Coblin 147. Cf. also OCh. 夫 *ba this; Angami Naga *pV 'one'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 彼
Modern (Beijing) reading: bǐ
Preclassic Old Chinese: pajʔ
Classic Old Chinese: páj
Western Han Chinese: páj
Eastern Han Chinese: páj
Early Postclassic Chinese: páj
Middle Postclassic Chinese: páj
Late Postclassic Chinese: páj
Middle Chinese: pé
English meaning : that, there
Russian meaning[s]: 1) тот; другой, иной; он; другая сторона; противник; партнер; 2) древн. не являться, не быть, вм. 非
Shuowen gloss: 往有所加也.從ぉ皮聲. [76]
Radical: 60
Four-angle index: 6087
Karlgren code: 0025 g
Shijing occurrences: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 10.1, 10.2, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1, 21.1, 21.2, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 32.1, 32.2, 33.3, 38.4, 39.1, 45.1, 45.2, 47.3, 50.2, 50.3, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3, 54.3, 55.1, 55.2, 55.3, 58.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 553
Character: 彼
MC description : 止開三上紙幫
ZIHUI: 1764 0531
Beijing: pi 2
Jinan: pei 11
Xi'an: pi 2
Taiyuan: pi 1
Hankou: pi 2
Chengdu: pi 2
Yangzhou: pi 2
Suzhou: pe_ 11
Wenzhou: pei 21
Changsha: pi 2
Shuangfeng: pi 2
Nanchang: pi 2
Meixian: pi 2
Guangzhou: pei 21
Xiamen: pi 2
Chaozhou: pi 21
Fuzhou: pi 2
Shanghai: pi 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: pei 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *ber-
Meaning: self, same
Bizkaian: ber, bera
Gipuzkoan: ber, bera
High Navarrese: ber, bera
Low Navarrese: ber, bera
Lapurdian: ber, bera
Zuberoan: ber, bera
Roncalese: ber, bera
Comments: "ber- 'self, same' ... serves as the base of several derivatives ... western dialects have recently generalized this form into an ordinary third-person prounoun 'he', 'she'" (Trask 1995).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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