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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVLV
Meaning : slime, dirt
Afroasiatic : *caḥil- (?)
Amerind (misc.) : *salak 'pitch (resin)' (R 552) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *SVlV
Meaning: slime
Comments: Same root as *siLV? Cf. also *ʒaĺV.
References: МССНЯ 365; ND 2062 *śüĺ/ẑü(-kE) ~ *śil/ẑi(-kE) 'mucus, slime, saliva, to spit' (+ Bj.; ?+ Drav. *djol- 'saliva'); 2197 *ŝ[ü]LʕV ~ *ŝ[ü]ẑV 'dew' (+ Berb.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(s)lūg'-
Meaning: to slip, to slip down
Russ. meaning: скользить, сползать etc.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: лы́жа,
Near etymology: также в знач. "брус в санях, киль баржи", лы́жва "баржа на Днепре, Припяти, Буге", др.-русск. лыжа (ХII в.; см. Арциховский, Труды Инст. этнограф., нов. сер. I, 59), укр. ли́жва "лыжа", блр. лы́жва "баржа", др.-польск. ɫуżа "лыжа" (Зборовский, JР 1, 215), польск. ɫyżwa "плоскодонная, длинная лодка".
Further etymology: Связано с лызга́ть "скользить по льду", лызну́ть, лызгону́ть "улизнуть", болг. лъ́згав "гладкий", лъ́згам се "катаюсь на коньках, скольжу"; см. Мi. ЕW 178; Бернекер 1, 752 и сл. Далее предполагают родство с лтш. lužas "длинные охотничьи лыжи" наряду с ludes, luǵes -- то же (М.--Э. 2, 510, 517; Маценауэр, LF 10, 51), причем консонантизм представляет трудности. Далее, лызга́ть связано с лит. šliū̃žės мн. "полозья", šliaũžti "ползти", лтш. služât, šl̨užât "скользить", голл. sluiken "красться"; см. Уленбек, РВВ 21, 105; Франк -- Ван-Вейк 621 и сл.; Бернекер, там же. Родство лы́жа и ло́жка не доказано, вопреки Микколе (Berühr. I, 137); сомнительно родство с ёлзать (см. Потебня, РФВ 1, 19; против см. Ильинский, ИОРЯС 16, 4, 19), невозможна связь с нем. Geleise "колея" (но ср. леха́), вопреки Ягичу (AfslPh 6, 625). Интересно укр. лиги́ да́ти "убежать, навострить лыжи" (Преобр. I, 483) при русск. дать лызка́ -- то же.
Pages: 2,540
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *šlüǯ-a- c., *šleũǯ- vb., *šluǯ-jā̂-, *šlüǯ-jā̂- vb.
Meaning: slide, creep
Lithuanian: šliužaĩ pl. `Schlittschuhe', šliū̃žēs 'Rutspur eines Schlittens\; šlaũžti, šliaũžti `kriechen' (MEV III: 942)
Lettish: služât, šl̨užât `schlurren, glitschen, rutschen'; *služa ~ *služ(u)s 'Zugspur'; sluzns 'niedrig, niedrig gelegen', slàugzna2, slaugsna 'Eiskruste auf der Schnee'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *slūkan- vb., *slūka-z, etc.
Meaning: crawl, steal by
Old Norse: { slūk `squamas' }
Old Saxon: slūk `afgeworpen slagenhuid'
Dutch: sluiken `schleichen, schmuggeln', ter sluik `heimlich'
Middle High German: slūch st. m. `(schlangen)haut, röhre, schlauch'
German: Schlauch; { schweiz. slūche `langsam, sleppend gehen', slūchi `langsamer Mensch' }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-osax,germet-dutch,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1779
Root: (s)leuĝ-, (s)leuk̂-
English meaning: to slide, slip
German meaning: `gleiten, schlüpfen'
General comments: nur germ. und balto-slav.; vgl. auch sleub-.
Material: Ndl. sluiken `schleichen, schmuggeln', schweiz. slūche `schleppend gehen', slūchi `langsamer, schleichender, heimtückischer Mensch'; mhd. slūch `Schlangenhaut, Schlauch' (eig. `worein geschlüpft wird'), nhd. Schlauch, and. slūk `squāmas'; daneben germ. sluh-, slug- (idg. *sleuk-) in schwed. dial. slu(v) (*slūhwō) `die Hülse um den empfindlichsten Teil im Horn oder Hufe', norw.slo `der fleischige Kern im Horn oder Hufe', mnd. slū `Fruchthülse, Fruchtbalg, Schale', nnd. auch slūwe, norddt. dial. Schlaube, mengl. slughe, slouh (engl. slough) `abgestreifte Schlangenhaut'; nd. slū, nhd. schlau, süddt. dial. schlauch ds. (*slūha-, eig. `schleichend'); lit. šliũžės Pl. `Schlittschuhe', šliaũžti `kriechen' (šl- aus sl-), lett. šl'užât `glitschen'; russ. lýža `Schneeschuh; Schlittenbalken', klr. ɫýžva `Skier', russ. dial. lyzgátь `auf dem Eise gleiten, glitschen', lyznútь, lyzgonútь `davonrennen', bulg. lъ́zgav `glatt', lъ́zgam se `laufeSchlittschuh, gleite'.
References: WP. II 711, Vasmer 2, 74 f.
Pages: 964
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *sila
Meaning: dew, liquid; hoar-frost
Russian meaning: роса, влага; иней
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *sil-
Meaning: 1 spittle, saliva 2 slime
Russian meaning: 1 слюна, плевок 2 слизь
Turkish: sel, selik (dial.) 1
Uzbek: šilik 2
Uighur: šilim, šillik 2
Azerbaidzhan: selik 1
Kirghiz: silämägäj (R.) 1
Kazakh: sĭlemej 1
Comments: See ЭСТЯ 7. Most of the Turkic words for 'saliva' are attested late and look like borrowings < Mong. silü-kej; Yak. sil must also be borrowed (because of initial s-), perhaps from Mong. silö-sü (with secondary loss of suffix?). The above forms, however, can be hardly explained as mongolisms. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *sil-
Meaning: 1 slime 2 saliva 3 to get wet 4 slobbery
Russian meaning: 1 слизь 2 слюна 3 мокнуть 4 слюнявый
Written Mongolian: silaj 1 (L 749: šalai 'watery stool, diarrhea'), silö-sü(n) 2 (L 708), sil-boji- 3, silükei 4 (L 708) Khalkha: šalaj 1, šüls 2, šolboj- 3, šülxij 4
Buriat: šülhe(n) 2
Kalmuck: šülsṇ 2 , šülkɛ̄ 4 (КРС) Ordos: šölösü, šölös 2
Dagur: šuls 2 (Тод. Даг. 184: šulse, šille), šulese (MD 218) Monguor: śorgo 'salive, bave' (SM 397) Comments: MGCD 729. Mong. silükej > Turk. (Turkm. sülekej etc.). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sile-
Meaning: dew
Russian meaning: роса
Evenki: sile-kse
Even: hīli
Negidal: sile-kse
Literary Manchu: sile-ŋgi
Jurchen: sie-le-un (10), cf. siel-hi 'spring' (48) (2-431)
Ulcha: silemse
Orok: śile-śke
Nanai: sile-mse
Oroch: sileŋse
Udighe: silihe
Solon: š́ilikš́i
Comments: See ТМС 2, 85-86. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *sǝ̀rí
Meaning: frost
Russian meaning: иней
Modern Korean: sǝri
Middle Korean: sǝ̀rí
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 978
Proto: *śiĺke (*śüĺke)
English meaning: spittle, to spit
German meaning: Speichel, Spucke; speien, spucken
Finnish: sylki (gen. syljen) 'Speichel, Spucke', sylky-, sylkä-, sylke- 'spucken, speien'
Estonian: sülg (gen. sülje, süle) 'Speichel', sülga-, sülgi-, sülge- 'speien, spucken'
Saam (Lapp): čǫl'gâ -lg- (N) 'saliva', čǫl'gâ- -lg- 'spit', tjål'kå (L) 'Spucke, Speichel), tjål'kå- 'spucken'; čolk (Not.), t́š́oл̄gk(A) (T Kld.) 'Speichel', čolki̊- (T), čulke-, čolke- (Kld.), čolke- (Not. A)
Mordovian: śeĺge (E), śeĺgä (M) 'Speichel', śeĺge- (E M) 'speien, spucken'
Mari (Cheremis): šǝwǝĺ-wǝt (KB), šüwǝ̑l (U), šüwǝ̑l-wüt (B) 'Speichel', šǝwe- (KB), šüwala- (U B) 'speien, spucken'
Udmurt (Votyak): śal (Bor.) 'слюна', śalal- (S K G) 'speien, spucken'
Komi (Zyrian): śe̮lal- (S), śe̮va.v- (P), śȯ.lal- (PO) 'spucken, speien'
Khanty (Ostyak): sö̆jǝɣ- (V) 'speien'
Mansi (Vogul): süĺk- (TJ), säĺɣ- (KU), säĺĺ- (P), saĺɣ- (So.) 'spucken'
Sammalahti's version: *s'ülk/d'ki(-)
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *slek-/slik-
Russian meaning: лизать
English meaning: to lick
Georgian: slek-, slik-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): лизать, гладить
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to lick, to caress
Megrel: sirk-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 164, EWK 303. В МССHЯ 365 сравнивается с ПИЕ *sleu-ḱ-, *sleu-ǵ-, *sleu-b- 'скользкий', алт. *sulV / *silV 'слюна, слизь', урал. *śulke 'слюна, плевать', драв. *coḷḷ- 'слизь, слюна' < ностр. *śulV.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śeɫɨ̄́
Meaning: dung
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *śiɫɨ̄ (~ -ä-, -ō,-ǝ̆)
Meaning: dung of sheep
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *šili Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *šili
Meaning: 1 sheep's dung 2 dried sheep's dung
Avar: xil 2
Akhvakh: šili
Tindi: hili
Karata: šila
Comments: Cf. also Kar. Tok. xila "sheep's dung". A recent loan from Tind. is Inkh. hili id.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: š:ulū
Meaning: dung of sheep
Lak form: š:ulū
Comments: Cf. Khosr. š:ulu id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔur-s:il (~-ä-,-l:)
Meaning: dung, manure
Tabasaran: ursil
Comment: Cf. also Tab. lit. ursal, Khan. urš:̌el id. The first syllable is historically a prefix. The root is attested only in Tab., but has good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛĭjH (k-)
Meaning: dung, excrements
Tibetan: lći dung.
Burmese: khjijh excrement, LB *khlijx.
Kachin: khji3 excrement.
Lepcha: tăkli guts, entrails
Comments: PG *kli faeces; BG: Dimasa khi, Garo khi, Bodo kí; Kham kī; Kanauri khö; Bahing khli; Digaro klai. Simon 19; Sh. 44; Ben. 39; Mat. 191.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 屎
Modern (Beijing) reading: shǐ
Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛijʔ
Classic Old Chinese: ƛíj
Western Han Chinese: l̥jǝ́j
Eastern Han Chinese: śǝ́j
Early Postclassic Chinese: śɨ́j
Middle Postclassic Chinese: śɨ́j
Late Postclassic Chinese: śɨ́j
Middle Chinese: śí
English meaning : dung, excrement [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) испражнения, кал; навоз; 2) дрянной, мерзкий, негодный
Radical: 44
Four-angle index: 5311
Karlgren code: 0561 d
Jianchuan Bai: si1
Dali Bai: si1
Bijiang Bai: šer1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 720
Character: 屎
MC description : 止開三上旨書
ZIHUI: 1452 0502
Beijing: ṣî_ 2
Jinan: ṣî_ 2
Xi'an: si_ 2
Taiyuan: si_ 2
Hankou: si_ 2
Chengdu: si_ 2
Yangzhou: si_ 2
Suzhou: sü 2
Wenzhou: u 31
Changsha: ṣî_ 2
Shuangfeng: ṣî_ 2
Nanchang: si_ 2
Meixian: si_ 2
Guangzhou: ši 21
Xiamen: ʒiau 32 (lit.); ʒio 32
Chaozhou: sai 21
Fuzhou: sai 2
Shanghai: si_ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: ši_ 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *xlì
Meaning: faeces
Sunwar: khrī
Tulung: khli
Kaling: khli
Comments: Toba 90 *khli. Cf. *khli 'intestines'.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: hi
Grammar: n.
Meaning: shit.
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: khil
Grammar: n.
Meaning: shit, faeces
Nepali: guhu, disā, ṭaṭī.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: khil
Grammar: n.
Meaning: faeces, ash (of a cigarette)
Nepali: guhu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: hi
Grammar: n.
Meaning: faeces, turd.
Nepali: guhu
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *delk
Meaning: dung
Yasin: delk
Hunza: dilk
Nagar: dilk
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *siri-n
Meaning: 1 excrement (of birds) 2 dysentery 3 to have dysentery
Bizkaian: zirin 1
Gipuzkoan: zirin 1
Salazarese: zirin-du 3
Lapurdian: zirin-eri 2, zirin-du 3
Baztanese: zirin 1, zirin-eri 2, zirin-du 3
Zuberoan: zirin-eri 2, zirin-tü 3
Roncalese: zirin-tu 3, (Uztárroz) zirin-eri 2
Comments: Azkue cites zirin 'diarrhea' as "c" (common Bsq).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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