Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVCV

Meaning : frost, cold

Eurasiatic : *pič`V

Sino-Caucasian : *[b]Eč̣V ( ~ -č-)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *pič`V

Meaning: frost

Altaic: *pĕ̀su

Uralic: *pičV (*pečV)

References: Suggested by V. Glumov.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *pĕ̀su

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: hoar-frost, cold

Russian meaning: иней, мороз

Turkic: *bes

Mongolian: *(h)osu-

Korean: *psắ-

Comments: Shortness and low tone reconstructed because of Mong. *(h)-. The etymology is somewhat questionable because of late attestation in Turkic and a possibility of an alternative analysis of the Korean form (see above).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bes

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hoar-frost

Russian meaning: иней

Turkish: dial. besim, peseɣü, pesen

Tatar: bɛs

Chuvash: pas

Bashkir: bäɵ

Comments: Лексика 37-38.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)osu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to freeze, to suffer from cold weather

Russian meaning: мерзнуть, страдать от холода

Written Mongolian: osu- (L 624)

Khalkha: oso-, osgo-

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *psắ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hail

Russian meaning: град

Middle Korean: psắ-nūn

Comments: Nam 289. Connection with psắr 'rice' ("rice-snow") cannot be excluded, cf. also the modern form s:aragi-nūn.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 769

Proto: *pičV (*pečV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: frost, dew

German meaning: Reif, Tau

Saam (Lapp): bicce -ʒ- (N) 'rime (frost)', péɔt̨̀t̨s̨^E 'Reif' (Ko. Suonikylä)

Mari (Cheremis): pöršäŋšǝ (KB), pörš (U M), pöršö (B) 'Reif'

Udmurt (Votyak): pužmer (S K G) 'Reif, gefrorener Tau'

Komi (Zyrian): puž (S Peč. P) 'Reif, Tau', puži̮m (P) 'иней', pužma^.l- (PO) 'reifen, bereifen (intr.)'

Khanty (Ostyak): påčǝm (Trj.), počǝm (DN), poχčem (C), pasȧm (O) 'kalter Dunst, Reif im Herbst'

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[b]Eč̣V ( ~ -č-)

Meaning: snow, cold

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *Piǝ̆t (~ w-)

Yenisseian: *beʔč

Burushaski: *bić

Basque: *bac

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Piǝ̆t (~ w-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cold

Chinese: 冹 *pǝt cold, freezing.

Tibetan: phjid to freeze.

Chinese characters :

Character: 冹

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝt

Classic Old Chinese: pǝt

Western Han Chinese: pǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwɨt

Middle Chinese: püt

English meaning : cold, freezing

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *beʔč

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snow (falling in flakes)

Ket: bɛʔt

Yug: bɛʔt́

Pumpokol: beč (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "snow"

Comments: ССЕ 208. Werner 1, 119 *beʔt'.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *bić

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: cold (n.)

Hunza: bić

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *bac

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wet snow

Bizkaian: batz

Comments: An isolated, but apparently archaic, Bizkaian word, to judge from cognates in Burushaski (*bić 'cold, chill') and Yeniseian (*beʔč 'snow [falling in flakes]').

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