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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVJV
Meaning : fat
Amerind (misc.) : *kui 'fat' (R 243) [C P MC] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gwVjV
Meaning: fat
References: МССНЯ 341, ОСНЯ 1, 299; ND 972 *koyʕ[o] ( + Eg.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *gʷei(w)o-, *gʷyē(w)-/*gʷyō(w)-
Meaning: to live
Tokharian: A śo-, B śāw- (PT *śāw-) 'live'; B śātre 'grain', śaiyye 'sheep, goat', A śoṣi, B śaiṣṣe (PT *śāw'ä-) 'world, people', A śoṃ 'boy', B śaumo 'person, man' (PT *śāumo), A śol, B śaul 'life' (PT *śāwl) (Adams 627 ff)
Old Indian: jī́vati `to live'; jínvati, pra-jinoti `to be active or lively; to urge on, impel'; gáya- m. `house, household, property'; jīrá- `quick, speedy, active';jīvá- `living, alive', m. `life, soul'; jīvitá- n. `life, living being', jīvatha- m. `life, breath'
Avestan: gaeɵā `Wesen, Anwesen, Haus und Hof'; -ǰyāiti- f. `Leben', gen, ǰyātǝ̄uš, acc. ǰyātum `Leben'; yavaē-ǰī- `fortwährend lebend'; ǰīti- f. `Leben'; ǰīra- `lebhaft von Verstand, schlau'; ǰva- (= OInd ǰīva-) `lebendig'; ǰvaiti ( = OInd ǰīvaiti) `lebt'
Other Iranian: OPers gaiɵā `Wesen, Anwesen, Haus und Hof'; jīva- 'lebendig'
Armenian: keam `lebe'
Old Greek: bióō, aor. ebíōn, biō̂nai̯, 1 pl. biómestha; med. hom. tr. (caus.) ebiṓsao, hom. caus. tr. ebíōsa, pf. bebíōka, va. biōtó- `leben'; hom. fut. béomai̯, béi̯omai̯ `ich werde leben'; bío-s m. `Leben(sfuhrung), Lebensunterhalt, Vermögen'; biotǟ́ f. `Leben(sart)', Lebensunterhalt', bíoto-s m. `Leben, Lebensgut'; bíōsi-s f. `Lebensweise' || zdṓō (kret. dōō), ipf. ézdōn/ézdēn, inf. zdēn, aor. zdē̂sai̯/zdō̂sai̯, pf. ézdēka `leben'; zdōó- `lebendig', zdōǟ́ f., ion., poet zdóǟ f. `Leben'
Baltic: *gī̂- (*gī̂w-a-) (2) vb. intr., *gīw-en̂-, *gī̂w-ā̂-, -ō̂- (2) vb., *gī̂w-a- (2) adj., *gīw-iā̃ (2) f., *gīw-at-ā̂ f., *gaiw-u adj., *gaiw-ā̂ f., *gī-g-ā̂ (2) f., *gei-t-a- m., -iā̃ f. Latin: vīvō, -ere, vīxī, vīctum `leben'; vīvus, -a `lebendig', pl. vīvī, -ōrum m. `die Lebenden', vīvum, -ī n. `das Lebendige'; vīvidus, -a `lebensvoll'; vīta f. `Leben, Lebensweise'
Other Italic: Osk bivus `vīvī', biítam `vitam'
Celtic: *gʷitu-; *gʷeito-; *gʷiweto-m; *gʷiwo-; *gʷiwotūt-s > Gaul pl. Bitu-rīges; OIr bith, gen. betho `Welt'; biad, gen. biid `Nahrung, Speise'; biu, beo `lebendig'; bethu, gen. bethad `Leben'; Ir biathaim `ernähre'; Cymr byd `Welt'; bwyd `essen'; byw `lebendgg'; bywyd `Leben', OCorn buit `Speise', Corn byw, bew `lebendig', OBret boitolion `esciferis', Bret bed `Welt'; boed `Nahrung'; beo `lebendig'
Russ. meaning: жить
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: живу́,
Near etymology: жить, укр. жи́ти, живу́, блр. жыць, ст.-слав. живѫ, жити ζῆν, οἰκεῖν (Супр.), болг. живе́я "живу", сербохорв. жѝвjети, жѝви̑м "живу", словен. živéti, živȇjem, чеш. žíti, žiji, слвц. žit᾽, žijem, польск. żyć, żyję, в.-луж. žić, žiju.
Further etymology: Родственно др.-прусск. giwа "живет", giwāntei "живой", др.-инд. jī́vati "живет", авест. ǰvaiti (т. е. ǰīvaiti) "живет", лат. vīvō, греч. βίομαι "я живу", ζῆν "жить". С др.-русск., ст.-слав. жити ср. лит. gýti "оживать, возрождаться, выздоравливать", лтш. dzît, dzîstu, dziju; см. Мейе, МSL 16, 244; Траутман, ВSW 76; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 101; М.--Э. I, 559; Вальде 846 и сл. Итер. -жива́ть ср. с лит. gývoti "жить", лтш. dzîvât "работать, жить" (М.--Э. I, 559).
Pages: 2,52
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *gī̂- (*gī̂w-a-) (2) vb. intr., *gīw-en̂-, *gī̂w-ā̂-, -ō̂- (2) vb., *gī̂w-a- (2) adj., *gīw-iā̃ (2) f., *gīw-at-ā̂ f., *gaiw-uadj., *gaiw-ā̂ f., *gī-g-ā̂ (2) f., *gei-t-a- m., -iā̃ f.
Meaning: live
Old Lithuanian: gī́ti (Bibelübers. Chylińskis) 'leben'
Lithuanian: gīvénti, gīvuóti 'leben, wohnen, sich aufhalten', gīvenà 'Zusammenleben im gleichen Hause, gemeinsame Hausgenossenschaft', gī́va- 'lebend(ig)', gīvatà 'Wohnung, Grundstück, Bauerngut', gaivù- 'belebend, erfrischend, lebendig, frisch, munter', gaivà 'Lebhaftigkeit, Frische'
Lettish: dzîvs 'lebendig, frisch, wach; ganz, heil, unverletzt', dzîve 'ökonomisches Leben, Lebensweise'; dial. 1 sg. prs. dzīvu, prt. dzievu 'ich lebe, lebte' Lett. Gr. #610; dzîvināt 'zum Leben erwecken, leben machen', dzîvât (/ dzìvât2) (-āju) 'arbeiten; leben'; dzîvuôt 'leben (im Gegensatz zu tot sein); leben (mit Angabe der Art und Weise); leben, hausen (mit Angabe der Ortes); arbeiten, beschäftigt sein', dzieva 'Leben', dzîga (NW Livland) '= dzîve, Leben'; dziêvât2 'leben, arbeiten'
Old Prussian: gi(j)wan 'Leben', giwato, Voc. 152, giwei 'dass.', acc. pl. gijwans, geiwans 'lebendig', giwīt 'leben', gīwu, giwassi, giwa 'leb(s)t' etc., gewinna 'sie arbeiten'; gewineis 'Knecht' Voc. 191, geits, geytye (Voc. 339), geytko (Grunau 12) 'Brot'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *kwikwa-, *kwiwa-; *kwikwōn
Meaning: alive, quick
Gothic: kʷiu-s (wa) `alive'; ana-, *ga-kʷiujan `make alive'; *ga-kʷiunan `become alive'
Old Norse: kvik-r, kük-r, acc. kükvan `lebendig'; kvika, kvikva f. `Fleisch unter den Nägeln und Klauen; fliessendes Wasser aus einer Quelle'
Norwegian: kvik; kvika
Swedish: kvick
Danish: kvik; kvikker `schnell wachsendes Unkraut (Triticum repens)'
Old English: cwic, cwicu, cucu `lebendig'; cwice `Hundegras'
English: quick
Old Frisian: quick; quik, quek `vee'
Old Saxon: quik `levend, levendig'
Middle Dutch: quic `levendig'; quic, quec `dier, stuk vee, vee'; queke `Unkraut'
Dutch: kwik, kwiek
Middle Low German: quick
Low German: quick
Old High German: alem. kec (um 1000) `lebendig'; quec {, gen. queckes } (8.Jh.); quecca `Unkraut'
Middle High German: quicken wk. (/kücken, kucken, chuchen, kicken) 'lebendig machen, beleben, erwecken, erfrischen'; quëc, këc, koc `lebendig, lebhaft, frisch, munter'
German: queck, keck; Quecke `Hundegras' (пырей)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 708
Root: gʷei̯-3 und gʷei̯ǝ- : gʷ(i)i̯ē- : gʷ(i)i̯ō- : gʷī-, häufig mit -u- erweitert
English meaning: to live
German meaning: `leben'
Derivatives: Nominal: gʷoi̯o-s m., gʷīti-s f. `Leben', gʷī̆u̯o-s, gʷī̆go-s `lebendig', gʷī̆u̯o-to-s, -tā `Leben'.
Material: A. von *gʷei̯ō: Ai. jīvātu-ḥ `Leben' (s. unten), gáya-ḥ `Haus, Hof, Hauswesen' (s. unten);
av. jiɣaēsa `du sollst leben' (2. Sg. Präs. Med., oder themat. 2. Sg. Opt. für *jigāyaēša); jījišǝnti (ursprüngl. Desiderativ) `sie erquicken, nähren', jaya- m. `Anregung'; gayō m. `Leben, Lebenszeit, Lebensführung' (= ai. gáya-ḥ `Haus und Hof, Hauswesen' = russ. goj `Friede; Heil!'); av. gaēɵā, apers. gaiɵā `Wesen, Haus und Hof';
arm. keam `lebe' (*gʷiyā-ye-mi); Meillet Esquisse 110, 176.
gr. hom. βέομαι `ich werde leben' (*βει̯εσομαι; Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 780, 7881);
lit. gajùs `leicht heilend'; lit. gyjù, gýti (*gīti-) `aufleben, sich erholen, heil werden' (dazu į-gýti- `erlangen', eigentlich `sich hineinleben'), lett. dzît `heilen; heil werden', gýdau `heile', lett. dziêdêt `heilen' (Mühlenbach-Endzelin I 559), aksl. žiti `leben' (Präs. živǫ s. unten); dazu aksl. žitь `Leben' (*gʷītis), pa-žitь `νομή, χόρτος, λειμών';
slav. *gojь `das Leben' (*gʷoi̯o-s) in aruss. goj `Friede', alt skr. gôj ds., ačech. hoj `Fülle' (: ai. gáya-ḥ), Kausativ slav. *gojiti `leben machen', skr. gòjiti `pflegen, mästen', usw.;
toch. В śai- `leben', Van Windekens Lexique 127.
*gʷi̯ō- in:
av. -jyāiti- f. (in Kompositis) `Leben', jyātuš Gen., jyātum Akk. `Leben' (im Ai. wurde dies *jyā-tu-ḥ nach jīvati zu jīvā́tu-ḥ);
ep. ion. ζώω, gort. δώω `lebe' (aus *ζω-ι̯ω, idg. *gʷi̯ō-i̯ō), Aor. ἐβίων (*gʷii̯ō-m mit vokal. i, das vermutlich durch βιόω gestützt wurde), att. ζω̃, ζῃ̃ς, ζῃ̃ (*ζηι̯ει, idg. *gʷi̯ē-), ζωός `lebendig', ζώη `Leben', ζῳ̃ον `Tier'; gr. ὑγιής `gesund' (*su-gʷii̯ēs `wohllebend');
*gʷī- (außer in baltosl. *gīti-, s. oben) in av. yavaē-jī- `fortwährend lebend', av. jīti- f. `Leben', ai. jīrá- `lebhaft, rasch', av. jīra- `lebhaft von Verstand, schlau'; apr. geits `Brot', aksl. žito `Getreide'.
*gʷĭ- in kelt. *bitu-, air. bith (Gen. betho), cymr. byd, bret. bed `Welt', gall. Bitu-rīges, d. i. `Leute des Weltkönigs' (vgl. die ähnliche Bed. von av. gaēɵā); daneben hochstufiges idg. *gʷeito- in cymr. bwyd `essen', acorn. buit `Speise', abret. boitolion `esciferis', nbret. boed `Nahrung'; das zweisilb. air. biad, Gen. biid `Nahrung, Speise' (altes *biveto-m).
Mit idg. g-Suffix (gʷī̆g-): ahd. quëh und quëk, Gen. quëckes `lebendig', nhd. keck, schweiz. check `stark, fest' (kk aus einer Form mit kw wie mhd. quicken `erquicken'), ags. cwicu, cucu `lebendig', anord. kvikr, kykr (Akk. kykkvan) `lebendig', auch nhd. Quecke, ags. cwice `Hundegras' (von der außerordentlichen Lebens- und Keimkraft der Pflanze);
lett. dzîga `Leben' (wie dzîve ds.), dzîguôt `leben' (wie dzîvuôt ds.).
Lat. vigēre `lebenskräftig sein' von vegēre zu trennen, scheint unberechtigt. Wood KZ. 45, 68 reiht an nord. kvikr usw. auch viele germ. Worte für lebhafte Bewegung aller Art an, so außer anord. kveikja `beleben, anzünden', mit anderen Weiterbildungen ags. cwiferlīce Adv. `eifrig', engl. quiver `lebhaft, hurtig', fries. kwistern `wedeln, schwänzeln', kwispeln `sich rasch und unruhig hin und her bewegen', schwed. dial. kvīd `werfen', jüt. kwīðǝr `munter'.
B. von *gʷi̯ōu-, gʷīu̯-:
mit ī: ai. jīvá- `lebendig, m. Leben', apers. jīva-, av. jva- (d. i. jīva-) `lebendig' = lat.vīvus ds., osk. bivus Pl. `vivi', cymr. biw, corn. biw `Hornvieh' (`*Lebendvieh'), lit. gývas, lett. dzîvs, aksl. živъ `lebendig';
mit ĭ: gr. βίος `Leben' (*gʷi-u̯-os), got. qius `lebendig' (gaqiunan `ἀναζη̃ν'), air, biu, beo, cymr. byw, bret. beo, corn. byw, bew `lebendig' (davon kelt. *bivo-tūt-s in air. bethu, Gen. bethad = cymr. bywyd `Leben');
mit k-Suffix: lat. vīvāx `lebenskräftig, langlebig', bildungsähnlich mit lit. gyvókas `lebendig', entfernter ai. jīvaka- ds.;
mit t-Suffix: 1. mit ī: ai. jīvita-m ` Leben, Lebewesen usw.', lit. gyvatà `Leben, Lebensunterhalt, Bauerngut' = lat. vīta `Leben' (*gʷīu̯otā) und aksl. životъ m. `Leben', ai. jīvatha-ḥ;
2. mit ĭ: βιοτή, masc. βίοτος; `Lebensatem usw.';
mit oi: lit. gaivùs `munter, lebendig';
verbale Ableitung: ai. jī́vati, av. jvaiti (d. i. jīvaiti) `lebt', ap. jīvā `lebe!' = lat.vivō, aksl. živǫ `lebe' (Inf. žiti s. oben), erweitert lit. gyvenù `lebe'; ai. jinvati, prá-jinōṣi `lebendig sein, sich erregen; anregen, beleben, erquicken'.
References: WP. I 668 ff., Meillet Introduction7 165, Specht KZ. 62, 111, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 298, 300, 330, 5014, 6756, Trautmann 75 f.
Pages: 467-469
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kujV ( ~ k`-, g-)
Meaning: thick, saturated
Russian meaning: толстый, густой
Comments: The second vowel and tone are hard to establish because of contraction in Jpn. and Kor.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Koju-g
Meaning: thick, saturated
Russian meaning: толстый, густой
Old Turkic: qojuɣ (OUygh.)
Turkish: koju
Tatar: qujɨ
Uzbek: qujuq
Uighur: qojuq
Turkmen: Gojɨ
Khakassian: xojɨɣ
Shor: qojɨɣ
Oyrat: qoju
Yakut: xojū
Dolgan: kojū
Tuva: xojuɣ
Tofalar: xoj̃uɣ
Kirghiz: qujū
Kazakh: qoju
Noghai: qojɨ
Bashkir: qujɨ
Gagauz: qoju
Karaim: qoju, quju
Comments: EDT 676, TMN 3, 562, ЭСТЯ 6, 32-33, Stachowski 150. The deriving stem *Koj(u)- 'to become viscous, thick' is attested in Oyr. qoj-, KKalp. qojɨ-, Khak. xojɨ-, Tuva xoju- (see ibid.). The reconstruction *Koń- is proposed in VEWT 276, but is based only on the not quite reliable Tofalar nasalization; the Yakut and OT evidence does not support it. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kǝ̄-r-
Meaning: to be thick, fertile, rich
Russian meaning: быть густым, плодородным
Modern Korean: kǝ̄l-
Middle Korean: kǝ̄r-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kuá-
Meaning: thick, saturated
Russian meaning: густой
Old Japanese: kwo-
Middle Japanese: kó-
Tokyo: kó-
Kyoto: kó-
Kagoshima: kò-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 386
Proto: *kuje
English meaning: fat
German meaning: Fett
Finnish: kuu 'Talg, Fett'
Mordovian: kuja (E), kujä (M) 'Fett; fett', kuja- (E M) 'fett werden'
Mari (Cheremis): kaja (KB), koja (UB) 'Fett, fett'
Udmurt (Votyak): ke̮j (S G), kȯj (K) 'Speck, Schmalz, Talg; fett'; kwaj- (S K), kwajị̑- (G) 'fett werden'
Hungarian: háj 'Schmer, Fett'
Sammalahti's version: *kuji
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *gw-
Russian meaning: кормить
English meaning: to feed
Georgian: gw-(an)-
Svan: gw-, gu-
Svan meaning (Rus.): жирный, кормить
Svan meaning (Eng.): fat, to feed
Laz: gv-an-er-
Laz meaning (Rus.): жирный
Laz meaning (Eng.): fat
Notes and references: EWK 80. Ср. ПИЕ *gʷei(o) 'жир; жить', алт. *Koje 'жирный, густой', урал. *kōja 'жир, жирный' (см. ОСНЯ 1, 299 *kojHa, без картв. формы).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *quvi-
Meaning: thick, fat
Russian meaning: толстый, жирный
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *quvi-na-
Meaning: to become thick, fat (of person) 1, fat 2, unsightly 3
Russian Meaning: полнеть, жиреть 1, жир, сало 2, неприглядный, отвратительный 3
Sirenik: quvǝ́naχtǝ́qǝχtǝ́χ 1, //quɣinaχ [Vakh.] < Chap 2
Chaplino: quwílīquq, quɣílīquq, kuvinaxtuk* 1, quwīnaq, quɣínaq (t) 2, quwáʁūtalʁi (t) 3, cf. quɣánalʁi (t) 'clumsy, lubber'
Koniag (AAY): quili- 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-koni,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *qui-ni(r)-, *quiv-tǝ-t-
Meaning: to be fat
Russian meaning: жирный, толстый
Seward Peninsula Inupik: quiktit-
SPI Dialects: Imaq qúiqtītoq, qújiqtēqtoq, W quini(z)ʁoq*
North Alaskan Inupik: quińi-, quivsɨt-
NAI Dialects: B quinijiʁoq*, quiniq* n. 'fat', Qaw quini-
Western Canadian Inupik: quini-
WCI Dialects: Cor quiniq* 'fat'
Eastern Canadian Inupik: quini-
ECI Dialects: Lab quinivoq* [Jen.], Igl quittit- 'to become broad, thick, fat'
Greenlandic Inupik: quini-
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 313
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=V̆́GwV
Meaning: thick, dense
Comments and references : -NSC 55 *GwVjV (with a wrong Ket parallel). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ä̆G_wV
Meaning: thick (of liquids)
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is close phonetically to *=ĭG_wVr 'dry', and in some languages they tend to contaminate with each other; but generally the two roots are very well distinguished in most subgroups.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=uq̇i-n
Meaning: thick (of liquids), dense
Chechen: =üq̇a
Ingush: =iq̇a
Batsbi: =uq̇ĩ
Comments: Cf. also Cheb. =uq̇ĩ, Shar. =ujq̇ĩ, Lev. =üq̇ĩ etc. For the pure root cf. Chech. =uq̇-dan, Bacb. =uq̇-dar 'to thicken, make dense'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iq̇:ʷV-
Meaning: thick (of liquids)
Avar: =aq̇:ʷá (adv.)
Andian language: =eq̇:u-
Akhvakh: =eq̇:ʷa-da
Chamalal: =eq̇:u-
Tindi: =eq̇:u-
Godoberi: =eq̇:u-
Comments: In Av.-And. the root is homonymous with *=iq̇:ʷV- 'to dry, dry'. There are, however, minor differences: Akhv. =uq̇:a-da 'dry' vs. =eq̇:ʷa-da 'thick'; Cham. q̇:ʷā- 'thick' (coexisting with =eq̇:u- 'thick, dry' and reflecting stem II *q̇:ʷV-). Historically they are different, and their merger in PA is explained by the merger of *ä̆ and *ĭ.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨqʷ- /*q(ʷ)ɨ-d-
Meaning: thick (of liquids)
Tsezi: qedju
Inkhokvari: =uqqIu
Comments: PTsKh *=ɨqʷV-ju ( > Inkh. =uqqIu) / *-(ɨ)qʷɨ-diju (with a productive adjectival suffix, > Tsez. qedju).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: =uq̇-a-
Meaning: thick (of liquids)
Lak form: =uq̇-a-s:a
Comments: Cf. Khosr. =uq̇-a-s:a id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔeq̇:ʷV-
Meaning: thick (of liquids)
Lezghian: eq̇i
Agul: jaq:ʷe-f
Rutul: iqʷ-dɨ (Shin.)
Kryz: uqʷa-ǯ
Archi: t-uq̇, t-uʁ-du-
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. jiq:i, Akht. iq:i, Ag. Burk. üq:e-f. Archi has a prefixal (expressive or locative) t-. See Хайдаков 1973, 106.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*KōH]
Meaning: thick
Comments: Cf. Naga Lhota ekhu, Pochuri akɨ-thɨ 'fat'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 厚
Modern (Beijing) reading: hòu
Preclassic Old Chinese: gōʔ
Classic Old Chinese: gṓ
Western Han Chinese: gwā́
Eastern Han Chinese: gwā́
Early Postclassic Chinese: gṓw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄̀w
Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄̀w
Middle Chinese: ɣʌ́w
English meaning : be thick, generous
Russian meaning[s]: 1) толстый; толщина; большой; 2) щедрый, гостеприимный; радушный; любезный; великодушный; 3) искренний, честный
Comments: Also read *gōʔ-s, MC ɣʌ̀w (FQ 胡遘) id. For *g- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou kau6, Chaozhou kau4, Jianou ke8.
Radical: 27
Four-angle index: 3057
Karlgren code: 0114 a-d
Go-on: gu
Kan-on: kou
Jianchuan Bai: kɨ̃1
Dali Bai: kɨ1, ko7
Bijiang Bai: qɨ̃1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 695
Character: 厚
MC description : 流開一上厚匣
ZIHUI: 0624 1566
Beijing: xou 3
Jinan: xou 3
Xi'an: xou 3
Taiyuan: xou 3
Hankou: xou 3
Chengdu: xǝu 3
Yangzhou: xôɨ 3
Suzhou: ɦöy 32
Wenzhou: ɦau 22; gau 22
Changsha: xôu 32
Shuangfeng: ɣie 32
Nanchang: hɛu 32
Meixian: hɛu 3
Guangzhou: hau 22
Xiamen: hɔ 32 (lit.); kau 32
Chaozhou: kau 22
Fuzhou: xau 32 (lit.); kau 32
Shanghai: ɦô 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: xou 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *hāGVĺ
Meaning: cloggy, sludgy
Ket: a:ĺ3 "broth, fish or meat soup"
Yug: a:ĺ3; a:ĺɛ3 'cloggy'
Kottish: hagal, hakal 'thick (soup, porridge)'
Comments: ССЕ 230. The words are quite obviously related and correspond to each other completely regularly. Nevertheless, Werner (1, 90) attempts to defend different solutions. The Ket form is analyzed as a compound *ʔapV + xur1 'hot water', although we would expect something like aul3 in this case (and a similar compound *ʔapVŋ-xur1 is attested as a:ŋ-ūl). Such an analysis is completely impossible for the Yug form (we would have afur), so for Yug Werner gives a separate reconstruction <*agǝl>. Finally, the Kottish word is found on p. 1, 291, quite separately, and with a note: vgl. ket. qōj1 ds. However, Ket. qōj1 is a rather transparent late Turkic loanword (cf. Oyr. qoju, Kaz. qoju id. etc.) and thus can have nothing to do with Kott. hagal. All these etymological "solutions" are rather difficult to justify.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *d-aɣán-
Meaning: thick
Yasin: daɣánum
Hunza: daɣánum
Nagar: daɣánum
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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